Major Taylor (original) (raw)
مارشال تايلور (بالإنجليزية: Marshall Taylor) (مواليد 26 نوفمبر 1878 - الوفاة 28 يونيو 1932) كان دراج أمريكي في صنف سباق الدراجات على المضمار. فاز ببطولة سباق الدراجات على المضمار في سنة 1899.
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| dbo:abstract | مارشال تايلور (بالإنجليزية: Marshall Taylor) (مواليد 26 نوفمبر 1878 - الوفاة 28 يونيو 1932) كان دراج أمريكي في صنف سباق الدراجات على المضمار. فاز ببطولة سباق الدراجات على المضمار في سنة 1899. (ar) Marshall Walter «Major» Taylor (Indianapolis, 26 de novembre de 1878 - Chicago, 21 de juny de 1932) fou un ciclista estatunidenc, professional des del 1896 fins al 1910. Es va centrar en el ciclisme en pista. El 1899 es proclamà Campió del món en velocitat sent el segon esportista negre en aconseguir un campionat mundial, rere el boxador canadenc . Taylor va haver de patir la forta discriminació racial habitual l'època, fins i tot la dels seus propis companys. Malgrat això, fou considerat un dels ciclistes més ràpids de principi de segle xx, marcant set rècords del món. Fou molt popular a Europa participant i guanyant nombroses curses. (ca) Major Taylor, vlastním jménem Marshall Walter Taylor (26. listopadu 1878 Indianapolis – 21. června 1932 Chicago) byl americký dráhový cyklista, známý pod přezdívkou „Worcester Whirlwind“. Pocházel z rodiny kočího, od dětství pracoval v obchodě s bicykly, kde prováděl reklamní akrobacii na kole oblečený ve vojenské uniformě, což mu vyneslo pseudonym „major“. V roce 1896 se usadil ve Worcesteru a začal závodit profesionálně na . Vytvořil 33 světových rekordů a v roce 1899 vyhrál šampionát . Ve stejném roce také vyhrál závod ve na mistrovství světa v dráhové cyklistice, konaném na v Montréalu. Stal se tak prvním afroamerickým mistrem světa v cyklistice a druhým ve všech sportech po boxerovi . V roce 1900 se stal mistrem USA ve sprintu. Později podnikal na kolech značky turné po Austrálii a Evropě, kde porazil mj. francouzského šampióna . Byl silně věřící a odmítal závodit v neděli, což ho připravilo o mnohá vítězství. Kariéru ukončil v roce 1910. Vydal autobiografii The Fastest Bicycle Rider in the World: The Story of a Colored Boy's Indomitable Courage and Success Against Great Odds. Za Velké hospodářské krize přišel o majetek, zemřel ve věku 53 let na myokarditidu a byl pohřben do neoznačeného hrobu. V roce 2002 byl uveden do Síně slávy Mezinárodní cyklistické unie. V jeho rodném Indianapolis je po něm pojmenován stadion . Otis Taylor o něm napsal píseň „He Never Raced on Sunday“. (cs) Marshall Walter „Major“ Taylor (* 12. November 1878 in Indianapolis; † 21. Juni 1932 in Chicago) war ein Radrennfahrer aus den USA. Er war nach dem Boxer George Dixon der zweite schwarze Sportler der Sportgeschichte, der Weltmeister wurde. (de) Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (cerca de Indianápolis, 26 de noviembre de 1878 - Chicago, 21 de junio de 1932) fue un ciclista estadounidense que ganó el mundial de 1 milla (1,62 km) de ciclismo en pista en 1899 después de establecer numerosos récords mundiales. Además es un ejemplo de autosuperación en un contexto extremadamente racista (en Estados Unidos existió el apartheid hasta 1965). Taylor fue el primer atleta afroestadounidense en alcanzar el nivel de campeón del mundo y el segundo hombre negro en ganar un campeonato del mundo, después del boxeador canadiense . (es) Marshall Walter Taylor dit Major Taylor (né le 26 novembre 1878 à Indianapolis et mort le 21 juin 1932 à Chicago) est un coureur cycliste américain qui remporte le championnat du monde professionnel de vitesse à Montréal en 1899. Il détient sept records du monde en 1899 et fait figure, de 1899 à 1904, de cycliste sur piste le plus rapide du monde. Major Taylor est le premier cycliste noir sacré champion du monde ; il est également le deuxième sportif noir de l'histoire qui remporte un championnat du monde, après le boxeur canadien George Dixon. Il est, dans l'histoire du sport, le premier Noir à avoir vécu une grande carrière de sportif professionnel de renommée internationale. Il a été intronisé au Temple de la renommée du cyclisme américain en 1989. (fr) Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (November 26, 1878 – June 21, 1932) was an African-American professional cyclist. Even by modern cycling standards, Taylor could be considered the greatest American sprinter of all time. He was born and raised in Indianapolis, where he worked in bicycle shops and began racing multiple distances in the track and road disciplines of cycling. As a teenager, he moved to Worcester, Massachusetts, with his employer/coach/mentor and continued his successful amateur career, which included breaking track records. Taylor turned professional in 1896, at the age of 18, living in cities on the East Coast and participating in multiple track events including six-day races. He moved his focus to the sprint event in 1897, competing in a national racing circuit, winning many races and gaining popularity with the public. In 1898 and 1899, he set numerous world records in race distances ranging from the quarter-mile (0.4 km) to the two-mile (3.2 km). Taylor won the 1-mile sprint event at the 1899 world track championships to become the first African American to achieve the level of cycling world champion and the second black athlete to win a world championship in any sport (following Canadian boxer George Dixon, 1890). Taylor was also a national sprint champion in 1899 and 1900. He raced in the U.S., Europe and Australasia from 1901 to 1904, beating the world's best riders. After a 2+1⁄2-year hiatus, he made a comeback in 1907–1909, before retiring at age 32 to his home in Worcester in 1910. Towards the end of his life Taylor faced severe financial difficulties. He spent the final two years of his life in Chicago, Illinois, where he died of a heart attack in 1932. Throughout his career he challenged the racial prejudice he encountered on and off the track and became a pioneering role model for other athletes facing racial discrimination. Several cycling clubs, trails, and events in the U.S. have been named in his honor, as well as the Major Taylor Velodrome in Indianapolis and Major Taylor Boulevard in Worcester. Other tributes include memorials and historic markers in Worcester, Indianapolis, and at his gravesite in Chicago. He has also been memorialized in film, music and fashion. (en) Major Taylor, all'anagrafe Marshall Walter Taylor (Indianapolis, 26 novembre 1878 – Chicago, 21 giugno 1932), è stato un pistard statunitense.Professionista dal 1896 al 1910, vinse il titolo mondiale di velocità nel 1899, sulla distanza del miglio. Molto popolare tra fine XIX secolo e inizio XX secolo sia in Nord America che in Europa (nel 1903 fu anche ritratto in copertina dalla rivista italiana La Stampa Sportiva), si affermò come uno dei primi sportivi afroamericani a ottenere successi a livello mondiale. (it) Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (ur. 26 listopada 1878 w Indianapolis - zm. 21 czerwca 1932 w Chicago) – amerykański kolarz torowy, złoty medalista mistrzostw świata. (pl) Marshall Walter (Major) Taylor (Indianapolis, 26 november 1878 – Chicago, 21 juni 1932) was een Amerikaans wielrenner. Hij werd ook “Major” en “de vliegende neger” genoemd. Tot de Fransman Grégory Baugé in 2009 wereldkampioen sprint werd was Taylor de enige zwarte wielerkampioen. Taylor groeide op in een gezin met acht kinderen. Zijn vader was koetsier bij een welgestelde familie in Indianapolis, die hem een fiets cadeau gaf. In 1892 werd hij als jongen van 13 door een plaatselijke fietsenhandelaar ingehuurd om met de fiets stunts uit te voeren. Daarbij was hij gekleed in een soldatenpak, waardoor hij de bijnaam “Major” kreeg. In dat jaar won hij ook zijn eerste wielerwedstrijd. In 1895 verhuisde Taylor naar Worcester, samen met zijn werkgever en manager Louis “Birdie” Munger die van plan was om een rijwielfabriek te openen. Als professional debuteerde hij in 1896, tijdens de Zesdaagse van New York, die toen nog individueel werd gereden. Hij werd achtste. Twee jaar later was hij al houder van zeven wereldrecords op de sprint. Op 10 augustus 1899 werd hij in Montreal wereldkampioen op de sprint. Aan het sprintonderdeel namen 180 renners deel. Het jaar daarop veroverde hij de nationale titel op die discipline. Naast sportieve tegenstand had Taylor ook te maken met complotten van Anglo-Amerikaanse concurrenten die zich liever niet wilden laten kloppen door iemand met een donkere huidskleur. Nadat hij enkele maanden als vaudevilleact te zien was geweest, begon hij in maart 1901 zijn eerste Europese tournee. Tot 1909 deed hij mee aan verschillende Europese wedstrijden. In 1904 was hij ook te zien in Australië, waar zijn dochter Rita Sydney Taylor werd geboren. Omdat hij baptist was, koerste hij nooit op zondag. Dat verklaart waarschijnlijk dat hij vrij weinig overwinningen heeft behaald. In 1909 behaalde hij nog één grote overwinning, in de Grand Prix van Roanne, maar in 1910 was zijn rol definitief uitgespeeld. Door weinig succesvolle handelstransacties en door ziekte raakte hij aan lager wal. In 1930, totaal verarmd en verlaten door zijn vrouw, reisde hij af naar Chicago, waar hij bij de YMCA onderdak kreeg en in zijn levensonderhoud probeerde te voorzien door de verkoop van zijn autobiografie The Fastest Bicycle Rider in the World. Twee jaar later overleed hij op 53-jarige leeftijd als een vergeten grootheid. In 1948 nam een aantal voormalige wielrenners het initiatief om Taylor te herbegraven in een waardiger graf op . In 2008 werd in Worcester (Massachusetts) een monument voor Major Taylor onthuld. (nl) Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (para perto de Indianápolis, 26 de novembro de 1878 - Chicago, 21 de junho de 1932) foi um ciclista estadounidense que ganhou o mundial de 1 milha (1,62 km) de ciclismo em pista em 1899 após estabelecer numerosos recordes mundiais. Ademais é um exemplo de autosuperação num contexto extremamente racista (nos Estados Unidos existiu o apartheid até 1965). Taylor foi o primeiro atleta afroestadounidense em atingir o nível de campeão do mundo e o segundo homem negro em ganhar um campeonato do mundo, após o boxeador canadiano George Dixon. (pt) |
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| dbp:quote | Life is too short for any man to hold bitterness in his heart and that is why I have no feeling against anybody. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | مارشال تايلور (بالإنجليزية: Marshall Taylor) (مواليد 26 نوفمبر 1878 - الوفاة 28 يونيو 1932) كان دراج أمريكي في صنف سباق الدراجات على المضمار. فاز ببطولة سباق الدراجات على المضمار في سنة 1899. (ar) Marshall Walter „Major“ Taylor (* 12. November 1878 in Indianapolis; † 21. Juni 1932 in Chicago) war ein Radrennfahrer aus den USA. Er war nach dem Boxer George Dixon der zweite schwarze Sportler der Sportgeschichte, der Weltmeister wurde. (de) Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (cerca de Indianápolis, 26 de noviembre de 1878 - Chicago, 21 de junio de 1932) fue un ciclista estadounidense que ganó el mundial de 1 milla (1,62 km) de ciclismo en pista en 1899 después de establecer numerosos récords mundiales. Además es un ejemplo de autosuperación en un contexto extremadamente racista (en Estados Unidos existió el apartheid hasta 1965). Taylor fue el primer atleta afroestadounidense en alcanzar el nivel de campeón del mundo y el segundo hombre negro en ganar un campeonato del mundo, después del boxeador canadiense . (es) Major Taylor, all'anagrafe Marshall Walter Taylor (Indianapolis, 26 novembre 1878 – Chicago, 21 giugno 1932), è stato un pistard statunitense.Professionista dal 1896 al 1910, vinse il titolo mondiale di velocità nel 1899, sulla distanza del miglio. Molto popolare tra fine XIX secolo e inizio XX secolo sia in Nord America che in Europa (nel 1903 fu anche ritratto in copertina dalla rivista italiana La Stampa Sportiva), si affermò come uno dei primi sportivi afroamericani a ottenere successi a livello mondiale. (it) Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (ur. 26 listopada 1878 w Indianapolis - zm. 21 czerwca 1932 w Chicago) – amerykański kolarz torowy, złoty medalista mistrzostw świata. (pl) Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (para perto de Indianápolis, 26 de novembro de 1878 - Chicago, 21 de junho de 1932) foi um ciclista estadounidense que ganhou o mundial de 1 milha (1,62 km) de ciclismo em pista em 1899 após estabelecer numerosos recordes mundiais. Ademais é um exemplo de autosuperação num contexto extremamente racista (nos Estados Unidos existiu o apartheid até 1965). Taylor foi o primeiro atleta afroestadounidense em atingir o nível de campeão do mundo e o segundo homem negro em ganhar um campeonato do mundo, após o boxeador canadiano George Dixon. (pt) Marshall Walter «Major» Taylor (Indianapolis, 26 de novembre de 1878 - Chicago, 21 de juny de 1932) fou un ciclista estatunidenc, professional des del 1896 fins al 1910. Es va centrar en el ciclisme en pista. El 1899 es proclamà Campió del món en velocitat sent el segon esportista negre en aconseguir un campionat mundial, rere el boxador canadenc . (ca) Major Taylor, vlastním jménem Marshall Walter Taylor (26. listopadu 1878 Indianapolis – 21. června 1932 Chicago) byl americký dráhový cyklista, známý pod přezdívkou „Worcester Whirlwind“. Pocházel z rodiny kočího, od dětství pracoval v obchodě s bicykly, kde prováděl reklamní akrobacii na kole oblečený ve vojenské uniformě, což mu vyneslo pseudonym „major“. V roce 1896 se usadil ve Worcesteru a začal závodit profesionálně na . Vytvořil 33 světových rekordů a v roce 1899 vyhrál šampionát . Ve stejném roce také vyhrál závod ve na mistrovství světa v dráhové cyklistice, konaném na v Montréalu. Stal se tak prvním afroamerickým mistrem světa v cyklistice a druhým ve všech sportech po boxerovi . V roce 1900 se stal mistrem USA ve sprintu. Později podnikal na kolech značky turné po Austrálii a (cs) Marshall Walter "Major" Taylor (November 26, 1878 – June 21, 1932) was an African-American professional cyclist. Even by modern cycling standards, Taylor could be considered the greatest American sprinter of all time. He was born and raised in Indianapolis, where he worked in bicycle shops and began racing multiple distances in the track and road disciplines of cycling. As a teenager, he moved to Worcester, Massachusetts, with his employer/coach/mentor and continued his successful amateur career, which included breaking track records. (en) Marshall Walter Taylor dit Major Taylor (né le 26 novembre 1878 à Indianapolis et mort le 21 juin 1932 à Chicago) est un coureur cycliste américain qui remporte le championnat du monde professionnel de vitesse à Montréal en 1899. Il détient sept records du monde en 1899 et fait figure, de 1899 à 1904, de cycliste sur piste le plus rapide du monde. Major Taylor est le premier cycliste noir sacré champion du monde ; il est également le deuxième sportif noir de l'histoire qui remporte un championnat du monde, après le boxeur canadien George Dixon. (fr) Marshall Walter (Major) Taylor (Indianapolis, 26 november 1878 – Chicago, 21 juni 1932) was een Amerikaans wielrenner. Hij werd ook “Major” en “de vliegende neger” genoemd. Tot de Fransman Grégory Baugé in 2009 wereldkampioen sprint werd was Taylor de enige zwarte wielerkampioen. Taylor groeide op in een gezin met acht kinderen. Zijn vader was koetsier bij een welgestelde familie in Indianapolis, die hem een fiets cadeau gaf. In 1895 verhuisde Taylor naar Worcester, samen met zijn werkgever en manager Louis “Birdie” Munger die van plan was om een rijwielfabriek te openen. (nl) |
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