Mariam-uz-Zamani (original) (raw)
جودا باي، (مريم الزمان) (1 أكتوبر 1542 - 19 مايو 1623)، كانت إمبراطورة الإمبراطورية المغولية. زوجة ملك المغول جلال الدين محمد أكبر كانت من الهندوس ومسقط رأسها الراجبوت ولم يجبرها على اعتناق الإسلام وبنى لها مسجد وكانت من أجمل زوجاته، وكانت أحب زوجاته وأولى زوجاته ففي بداية زواجهما كانت هناك مشاكل كثيرة بينهما بما أن جودا هندوسية وجلال مسلم كانت هناك كثير من المشاكل لكن وقعا في الحب وجلال كان يعيش بقصة حب جميلة جدا لأن جودا سحرته بصوتها وجلال سحرها بوسامته وجاذبيته، وجودا أكبر كانت الملكة الام والأولى وأنجبت منه «جهانجير نور الدين سليم».
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| dbo:abstract | جودا باي، (مريم الزمان) (1 أكتوبر 1542 - 19 مايو 1623)، كانت إمبراطورة الإمبراطورية المغولية. زوجة ملك المغول جلال الدين محمد أكبر كانت من الهندوس ومسقط رأسها الراجبوت ولم يجبرها على اعتناق الإسلام وبنى لها مسجد وكانت من أجمل زوجاته، وكانت أحب زوجاته وأولى زوجاته ففي بداية زواجهما كانت هناك مشاكل كثيرة بينهما بما أن جودا هندوسية وجلال مسلم كانت هناك كثير من المشاكل لكن وقعا في الحب وجلال كان يعيش بقصة حب جميلة جدا لأن جودا سحرته بصوتها وجلال سحرها بوسامته وجاذبيته، وجودا أكبر كانت الملكة الام والأولى وأنجبت منه «جهانجير نور الدين سليم». (ar) Mariam uz-Zamani (geboren 1. Oktober 1542; gestorben 19. Mai 1623), auch Heer Kunwari, Hira Kunwari, Harka Bai oder (fälschlicherweise) Jodha Bai genannt, war die Hauptfrau des Mogul-Herrschers Akbar I. und die Mutter seines ältesten Sohnes und späteren Nachfolgers Salīm (Jahangir). Vor Salīm gebar sie Zwillinge Hussain und Hassan, die jedoch sehr früh im Geburtsjahr verstarben. (de) Mariam-uz-Zamani (lit. 'Mary of the Age'); (c. 1542 – 19 May 1623), commonly known by the misnomer '', was the chief consort and principal Rajput empress consort as well as the favourite wife of the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. She was also the longest-serving Hindu empress of the Mughal Empire with a tenure of forty-three years (1562 –1605). Born a Rajput princess, she was married to Akbar by her father, Raja Bharmal of Amer due to political exigencies. Her marriage to Akbar led to a gradual shift in the latter's religious and social policies. She is widely regarded in modern Indian historiography as exemplifying both Akbar's and the Mughals' tolerance of religious differences and their inclusive policies within an expanding multi-ethnic and multi-religious empire. She was an extremely beautiful woman and was said to possess uncommon beauty, widely known for both, her grace and intellect. In the words of Akbar, she's described as 'a piece of the moon'. She was a senior-ranking wife of Akbar who in the words of Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, commanded a high rank in the imperial harem. She is stated as the favourite and an influential consort of Akbar, having a considerable influence in the matters of the court. Described as an intelligent, amiable, kind and liberal woman, she was often consulted by Akbar on important matters. She was the mother of Akbar's eldest surviving son and eventual successor, Jahangir, and grandmother of Shah Jahan. (en) Mariam-uz-Zamani, juga dikenal sebagai Heer Kunwari, Jodha Bai, Hira Kunwari atau Harka Bai, (1 Oktober 1542 – 19 Mei 1623) adalah seorang permaisuri Kekaisaran Mughal. Ia adalah istri dari Kaisar Mughal Akbar. Ia adalah istri kepala Rajput pertamanya, dan ibu dari Kaisar Mughal berikutnya, Jahangir, dan nenek dari Kaisar Mughal selanjutnya Shah Jahan. Mariam-Uz-Zamani disebut sebagai Ibu Ratu Hindustan, pada masa pemerintahan Mughal yang Agung, Kaisar Akbar. Ia adalah Permaisuri Hindu Mughal yang menjabat paling lama. Masa jabatannya, dari 6 Februari 1562 sampai 27 Oktober 1605, memiliki rentang waktu 43 tahun. (in) マリヤム・ウッザマーニー・ベーグム（ウルドゥー語：مریم الزمانی بیگم صاحبہ, Maryam uz-Zamani Begum, 1542年10月1日 - 1623年5月19日）は、北インド、ムガル帝国の第3代皇帝アクバルの妃。同国第4代皇帝ジャハーンギールの母でもある。ハルカー・バーイー（Harka Bai）、ジョーダー・バーイー（Jodha Bai）、ヒール・クンワーリー（Heer Kunwari）とも呼ばれる。 (ja) Harkha Bai, Mariam uz Zamani, Hira Kunwari of Jodha Bai (rond 1542 - Agra, 19 mei 1623) was een vrouw van de Mogolkeizer Akbar en de moeder van zijn opvolger, keizer Jahangir. Ze was een dochter van de Rajputheerser van , Bihari Mal. In 1562 werd ze om politieke redenen aan Akbar uitgehuwelijkt, maar ze was diens favoriete vrouw. Akbar gaf Harkha Bai de naam "Mariam uz Zamani" - "de Maria van deze tijd" - bij haar huwelijk. Welke naam ze bij haar geboorte kreeg is onbekend. In latere historische bronnen komt ze onder verschillende namen voor: Harika, Harkha, Jiya, Maanmati, of Shahi. In de kronieken van het Mogolhof, zoals de , de autobiografie van Jehangir, wordt ze Mariam us Zamani genoemd. De naam "Jodhaa Bai" komt in contemporaine bronnen niet voor. Het is waarschijnlijk een vergissing afkomstig uit het werk van de 19e eeuwse Britse oriëntalist . Akbar dwong haar niet zich tot de islam te bekeren, zoals gebruikelijk onder islamitische vorsten wanneer ze hindoeïstische prinsessen huwden. In plaats daarvan liet hij haar vrij haar godsdienst uitoefenen in het keizerlijke paleis te Agra. Soms nam Akbar zelf ook deel aan haar verering van Krishna. Mede dankzij deze ervaring groeide zijn interesse in het hindoeïsme, de religie van het overgrote deel van zijn onderdanen. Dit leidde hem er toe een beleid van godsdienstvrijheid te voeren. De keizer was toen al achterin de twintig en bezorgd dat er geen opvolger geboren zou worden. Om goddelijke interventie te verkrijgen maakte Akbar een pelgrimstocht naar het dorpje Sikri om de soefi Salim Chishti te raadplegen. De soefi voorspelde hem de geboorte van drie zoons. Enige tijd later bleek Harkha Bai zwanger te zijn. Ze beviel in 1569 van een zoon, die naar de soefi Salim werd genoemd. Akbar verplaatste daarop zijn hoofdstad naar Sikri, dat vanaf dan "Fatehpur Sikri" genoemd werd. Zowel tijdens de regering van Akbar als die van haar zoon Jehangir (de door Salim aangenomen regeringsnaam) had Harkha Bai een vooraanstaande positie aan het hof. Ze had als enige vrouw het recht keizerlijke bevelen uit te vaardigen (dit recht werd later in de 17e eeuw ook aan Nur Jahan en Mumtaz Mahal verleend). Ze bedreef een rederij en dreef handel in zijde en specerijen. Daardoor was ze financieel onafhankelijk. In 1613 leidde haar onderneming tot een korte oorlog met de Portugezen. Portugese kapers kaapten een schip van haar rederij, met aan boord lading en islamitische pelgrims op reis naar Mekka. Jehangir beviel daarop de inname van de Portugese kolonie Daman. Toen Harkha Bai in 1623 stierf werd zij niet, zoals bij hindoes gebruikelijk, gecremeerd, maar in een eigen mausoleum begraven. De kleine tombe bevindt zich ongeveer op een kilometer afstand van Akbars mausoleum in Sikandra. Harkha Bais huwelijk met Akbar werd in 2008 sterk geromantiseerd verfilmd met de film Jodhaa-Akbar van regisseur en producent Ashutosh Gowariker. (nl) Маріам уз-Замані (перс. مریم الزمانی); 1 жовтня 1542, Амбер, князівство Джайпур — 19 травня 1623, Агра, Імперія Великих Моголів) — дружина падишаха Імперії Великих Моголів Акбара I Великого. Відома також під кількома іншими іменами, зокрема Хіра Кунварі, Харкха Бай і Джодха Бай. Народжену 1562 року як індуїстсько-раджпутська принцеса, батько Маріам уз-Замані, раджа Бхармал із , запропоновав її в дружини Акбару. Весілля, що відбулося в , мало політичний характер і було знаком повного підпорядкування її батька своєму імператорському сюзерену. Її шлюб з Акбаром призвів до поступової зміни його релігійної та соціальної політики. Її приклад традиційно розглядають у сучасній індійській історіографії як приклад терпимості Акбара і Великих Моголів до релігійних відмінностей і їхньої всебічної політики в рамках розширюваної поліетнічної і багатоконфесійної імперії. Маріам уз-Замані була матір'ю старшого (до моменту смерті батька) сина Акбара і його наступника — Джаханґіра. (uk) 瑪麗亞姆·薩曼尼（波斯語：مریم الزمانی，1542年10月1日－1623年5月19日）是印度莫卧儿帝国第三任皇帝阿克巴的皇后。瑪麗亞姆·薩曼尼（意譯：Mary of the Age）是她的眾多頭銜之一，她的名字為希爾·古瓦里（Heer Kunwari或Hira Kunwari）或哈卡·白（Harka Bai）。她是阿克巴信奉印度教的皇后中地位最高的，亦是第四任皇帝贾汉吉尔的母親。 在莫卧儿帝国統治時期，瑪麗亞姆被尊稱為「印度斯坦的皇太后」（Queen Mother of Hindustan）。她是印度琥珀（Amer,現為齋浦爾）的拉傑普特族公主，自幼信奉印度教。作為一名印度教徒，她和信奉伊斯蘭教的阿克巴的婚姻導致阿克巴在宗教及社會上統治方針及政策的改變。很多人認為瑪麗亞姆使阿克巴皇帝及莫卧儿帝国在處理宗教問題上及對待非伊斯蘭教徙變得更有包容性。 (zh) Мариам уз-Замани (перс. مریم الزمانی); ок. 1542 — 19 мая 1623) — жена падишаха Империи Великих Моголов Акбара I Великого. Она также упоминалась под несколькими другими именами, включая Хира Кунвари, Харкха Бай и Джодха Бай. Рождённая в 1542 году как индуистско-раджпутская принцесса, Мариам уз-Замани была предложена в жёны Акбару её отцом, раджой из Амбера. Свадьба, состоявшаяся в Самбхаре, носила политический характер и была знаком полного подчинения её отца своему императорскому сюзерену. Её брак с Акбаром привёл к постепенному изменению его религиозной и социальной политики. Её пример традиционно рассматривается в современной индийской историографии как пример терпимости Акбара и Великих Моголов к религиозным различиям и их всесторонней политики в рамках расширяющейся полиэтнической и многоконфессиональной империи. Мариам уз-Замани была матерью старшего (к моменту смерти отца) сына Акбара и его преемника — Джахангира. (ru) |
| dbo:child | dbr:Daniyal_Mirza dbr:Jahangir |
| dbo:parent | dbr:Bharmal |
| dbo:spouse | dbr:Akbar |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Jodhbai.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:title | Empress consort of Mughal Empire (en) Queen motherof theMughal Empire (en) RajkumariofAmer (en) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/jahangirnamamemo00jaha http://mariam-uz-zamani.blogspot.com/p/mughals-under-akbar.html%3Fm=1%23.YquWVhjhUzQ%7Ctitle= https://www.jstor.org/stable/44142642 https://www.jstor.org/stable/603650 https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Iod50fcAtBjGrbfue3WI9H/Jodhabai-More-than-Akbars-wife.html%23ampf=%7Ctitle= https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/jodha-bai-344257-2016-10-01 https://www.utsavpedia.com/fashion-cults/jodha/ https://archive.org/details/Akbar/page/n113/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/emperorspeacockt00eral https://archive.org/details/nurjahanempressofmughalindia/page/n134/mode/1up%3Fview=theater&q=Maryamuzzamani%7C https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1040634538 https://www.dawn.com/news/1542722 https://www.dawn.com/news/1617497/harking-back-the-empress-and-her-two-doomed-pilgrim-ships |
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| dbp:author | dbr:Jarava_Lal_Mehta dbr:Banarsi_Prasad_Saxena Muhammad Azam Khan (en) Ira Mukhoty (en) Dirk Collier (en) |
| dbp:birthName | Harka Bai (en) |
| dbp:birthPlace | dbr:Amer,_India dbr:Kingdom_of_Amber |
| dbp:burialPlace | dbr:Tomb_of_Mariam-uz-Zamani |
| dbp:caption | Artistic depiction of Mariam-uz-Zamani (en) |
| dbp:consort | yes (en) |
| dbp:deathDate | 1623-05-19 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:deathPlace | dbr:Mughal_Empire dbr:Agra |
| dbp:father | Raja Bharmal of Amer (en) |
| dbp:fullName | Wali Nimat Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum Sahiba (en) |
| dbp:issue | (en) Jahangir (en) Daniyal Mirza (en) Hassan Mirza]] (en) Hussain Mirza]] (en) [[#Birth of Twins (en) |
| dbp:mother | Rani Champavati Solanki (en) |
| dbp:name | Wali Nimat Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum (en) |
| dbp:religion | dbr:Hinduism |
| dbp:source | Advanced study in the history of medieval India (en) History of Shah Jahan of Dehli (en) Muni Lal, 1980 (en) The Great Mughals and their India (en) The Perspective Magazine (en) |
| dbp:spouse | 1562 (xsd:integer) 1605-10-27 (xsd:date) dbr:Akbar (en) |
| dbp:text | "Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Hindu custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere, and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on the socio-cultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar." (en) "The heavenly reward, was not long in coming... Raja Bihari Mal of Jaipur arrived to seek military alliance with the Mughals, and in the pledge of his loyalty, offered his eldest daughter in marriage to Akbar. The Emperor, still under the spiritual spell of Ajmer, thought the offer part of some grand design of the Khwaja and accepted it without hesitation... Jodha Bai entered the harem as a Hindu, not as a Muslim. The insistence on conversion was waived at the instance of her father. A small, exquisite temple was built within the four walls of the fort; she went there every morning to pray and also perhaps to underline her identity as a proud Rajput. With a blue-blooded Rajput princess in the harem, there came about a radical change in the style of life in the palace and at the court. Jodha Bai was as good-looking as she was tactful. Warm-hearted liberalism added lustre to her physical charm. Akbar respected her. So did everybody else. Maham Anaga, in particular, became very fond of her. Soon she became the centre around which life in the palace revolved. Akbar often consulted her on important matters; her responses were invariably high-minded and above partisanship. An equation of complete trust gradually developed between the two. The future greatness of Akbar was in no small measure due to the large-heartedness of Jodha Bai. With a lesser person in her place, the story of the reign of Akbar might have been different." (en) The most influential queen of the Mughal Emperor Akbar , and mother of Emperor Jahangir, was the beautiful Empress Mariam-uz- Zamani ... She stands out as an adviser who maintained that without a strong navy, the Mughal Empire would be overtaken by foreign armies. As the Mughals had come from Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, both landlocked countries, the concept of a navy was just not in their DNA. But then Akbar allowed his favourite and most loved wife to build ships for trade and Haj pilgrims at the Khizri Darwaza on the River Ravi. (en) "No marriage in medieval Indian history was, politically, so happy and fruitful, as the one contracted by Akbar with the daughter of Raja Bharmal of Amer in January 1562. It symbolized the dawn of a new era in Indian politics; it gave the country a line of remarkable sovereigns; it secured to four generations of Mughal Emperors the services of some of the greatest captains and diplomats that medieval India produced." (en) "It was indeed, in more than one way, a marriage made in heaven. Not only was the princess of Amber to become a highly respected Qadasi Arkani Mariam-uz-Zamani , the queen mother of Akbar's firstborn son and later successor: this marriage also sealed the mighty Rajput-Mughal alliance that would become the backbone of Akbar's military power and the very foundation of Mughal Empire. In itself, there was nothing unusual about Hindu kings offering their daughters to Muslim rulers as a token of their submission, but Akbar's attitude towards his wife and her family was significantly different. Contrary to the usual practice, he did not ask her to convert to Islam, but allowed her to maintain a Hindu shrine in the imperial residence, he himself occasionally would participate in the Hindu festivities. Her relatives were not treated as mere vassals, but as true allies, friends, and family members, in every respect, equal or superior to the leading Muslim amirs. In short, Akbar's alliance with the Rajput house of Amber was the very cornerstone upon which his military might and the internal cohesion of his empire was founded." (en) " In the perspective of my work, Harkha Bai’s depiction has been particularly problematic... we forget many complicated and nuanced ways in which Harkha Bai influenced Akbar and the Mughal court. We ignore the cultural, culinary, artistic, and religious impact of this Rajput queen, reducing her instead to the usual, tired trope of a love interest of the central male figure. She has been terribly written out of history. She had an amazing life and went on to become a very influential, powerful, and wealthy woman. Her life was not a typical Mughal life of a queen that we imagine, of putting on ittar and perfume and changing clothes every hour." (en) |
| dbp:title | dbr:Empress_consort_of_Mughal_Empire Queen mother of the Mughal Empire (en) Rajkumari of Amer (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | جودا باي، (مريم الزمان) (1 أكتوبر 1542 - 19 مايو 1623)، كانت إمبراطورة الإمبراطورية المغولية. زوجة ملك المغول جلال الدين محمد أكبر كانت من الهندوس ومسقط رأسها الراجبوت ولم يجبرها على اعتناق الإسلام وبنى لها مسجد وكانت من أجمل زوجاته، وكانت أحب زوجاته وأولى زوجاته ففي بداية زواجهما كانت هناك مشاكل كثيرة بينهما بما أن جودا هندوسية وجلال مسلم كانت هناك كثير من المشاكل لكن وقعا في الحب وجلال كان يعيش بقصة حب جميلة جدا لأن جودا سحرته بصوتها وجلال سحرها بوسامته وجاذبيته، وجودا أكبر كانت الملكة الام والأولى وأنجبت منه «جهانجير نور الدين سليم». (ar) Mariam uz-Zamani (geboren 1. Oktober 1542; gestorben 19. Mai 1623), auch Heer Kunwari, Hira Kunwari, Harka Bai oder (fälschlicherweise) Jodha Bai genannt, war die Hauptfrau des Mogul-Herrschers Akbar I. und die Mutter seines ältesten Sohnes und späteren Nachfolgers Salīm (Jahangir). Vor Salīm gebar sie Zwillinge Hussain und Hassan, die jedoch sehr früh im Geburtsjahr verstarben. (de) マリヤム・ウッザマーニー・ベーグム（ウルドゥー語：مریم الزمانی بیگم صاحبہ, Maryam uz-Zamani Begum, 1542年10月1日 - 1623年5月19日）は、北インド、ムガル帝国の第3代皇帝アクバルの妃。同国第4代皇帝ジャハーンギールの母でもある。ハルカー・バーイー（Harka Bai）、ジョーダー・バーイー（Jodha Bai）、ヒール・クンワーリー（Heer Kunwari）とも呼ばれる。 (ja) 瑪麗亞姆·薩曼尼（波斯語：مریم الزمانی，1542年10月1日－1623年5月19日）是印度莫卧儿帝国第三任皇帝阿克巴的皇后。瑪麗亞姆·薩曼尼（意譯：Mary of the Age）是她的眾多頭銜之一，她的名字為希爾·古瓦里（Heer Kunwari或Hira Kunwari）或哈卡·白（Harka Bai）。她是阿克巴信奉印度教的皇后中地位最高的，亦是第四任皇帝贾汉吉尔的母親。 在莫卧儿帝国統治時期，瑪麗亞姆被尊稱為「印度斯坦的皇太后」（Queen Mother of Hindustan）。她是印度琥珀（Amer,現為齋浦爾）的拉傑普特族公主，自幼信奉印度教。作為一名印度教徒，她和信奉伊斯蘭教的阿克巴的婚姻導致阿克巴在宗教及社會上統治方針及政策的改變。很多人認為瑪麗亞姆使阿克巴皇帝及莫卧儿帝国在處理宗教問題上及對待非伊斯蘭教徙變得更有包容性。 (zh) Mariam-uz-Zamani (lit. 'Mary of the Age'); (c. 1542 – 19 May 1623), commonly known by the misnomer '', was the chief consort and principal Rajput empress consort as well as the favourite wife of the third Mughal emperor, Akbar. She was also the longest-serving Hindu empress of the Mughal Empire with a tenure of forty-three years (1562 –1605). (en) Mariam-uz-Zamani, juga dikenal sebagai Heer Kunwari, Jodha Bai, Hira Kunwari atau Harka Bai, (1 Oktober 1542 – 19 Mei 1623) adalah seorang permaisuri Kekaisaran Mughal. Ia adalah istri dari Kaisar Mughal Akbar. Ia adalah istri kepala Rajput pertamanya, dan ibu dari Kaisar Mughal berikutnya, Jahangir, dan nenek dari Kaisar Mughal selanjutnya Shah Jahan. (in) Harkha Bai, Mariam uz Zamani, Hira Kunwari of Jodha Bai (rond 1542 - Agra, 19 mei 1623) was een vrouw van de Mogolkeizer Akbar en de moeder van zijn opvolger, keizer Jahangir. Ze was een dochter van de Rajputheerser van , Bihari Mal. In 1562 werd ze om politieke redenen aan Akbar uitgehuwelijkt, maar ze was diens favoriete vrouw. Toen Harkha Bai in 1623 stierf werd zij niet, zoals bij hindoes gebruikelijk, gecremeerd, maar in een eigen mausoleum begraven. De kleine tombe bevindt zich ongeveer op een kilometer afstand van Akbars mausoleum in Sikandra. (nl) Мариам уз-Замани (перс. مریم الزمانی); ок. 1542 — 19 мая 1623) — жена падишаха Империи Великих Моголов Акбара I Великого. Она также упоминалась под несколькими другими именами, включая Хира Кунвари, Харкха Бай и Джодха Бай. Мариам уз-Замани была матерью старшего (к моменту смерти отца) сына Акбара и его преемника — Джахангира. (ru) Маріам уз-Замані (перс. مریم الزمانی); 1 жовтня 1542, Амбер, князівство Джайпур — 19 травня 1623, Агра, Імперія Великих Моголів) — дружина падишаха Імперії Великих Моголів Акбара I Великого. Відома також під кількома іншими іменами, зокрема Хіра Кунварі, Харкха Бай і Джодха Бай. Маріам уз-Замані була матір'ю старшого (до моменту смерті батька) сина Акбара і його наступника — Джаханґіра. (uk) |
| rdfs:label | Mariam-uz-Zamani (en) جودا باي (ar) Mariam uz-Zamani (de) Mariam-uz-Zamani (in) マリヤム・ウッザマーニー・ベーグム (ja) Harkha Bai (nl) Мариам уз-Замани (ru) 瑪麗亞姆·薩曼尼 (zh) Маріам уз-Замані (uk) |
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| foaf:name | Wali Nimat Mariam-uz-Zamani Begum (en) |
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