Mary Surratt (original) (raw)
Mary Elizabeth Eugenia Jenkins Surratt (* Mai oder Juni 1823 bei , Maryland; † 7. Juli 1865 in Washington, D.C.) war eine US-amerikanische Mitangeklagte im Zusammenhang mit dem Attentat auf Präsident Abraham Lincoln und die erste Frau, die durch eine amerikanische Bundesbehörde hingerichtet wurde. Es ist bis heute ungeklärt, ob sie schuldig, Mitwisserin oder unbeteiligt war.
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| dbo:abstract | Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (1820, nebo květen 1823 – 7. července 1865) byla americká majitelka penzionu, jež byla usvědčena z účasti na plánování atentátu na Abrahama Lincolna. Byla odsouzena k smrti oběšením a stala se tak první ženou, na které byl federální vládou Spojených států amerických vykonán trest smrti. Až do své smrti trvala na své nevině a její případ byl a je kontroverzní. Surratt byla matkou Johna Surratta, který byl později souzený, ale nebyl z účasti na atentátu shledán vinným. Surratt se narodila ve 20. letech 19. století v Marylandu. V mladém věku konvertovala ke katolické církvi a po zbytek života praktikující katoličkou zůstala. V roce 1840 si vzala Johna Harrisona Surratta a měli spolu tři děti. Podnikatel John se stal majitelem hospody a hotelu. Surrattovi byli sympatizanti Konfederace a často v hospodě hostili další její sympatizanty. Po manželově smrti v roce 1862 zůstala na starost o majetek sama. Protože ji to unavovalo, přestěhovala se do Washingtonu, kde si otevřela penzion. Tam se také seznámila s Johnem Wilkesem Boothem. Booth penzion navštívil několikrát, stejně jako George Atzerodt a Lewis Powell, kteří spolu s Boothem plánovali atentát na Lincolna. Krátce předtím, než Booth odjížděl z Washingtonu zavraždit Lincolna, mluvil se Surrattovou a předal jí balíček s triedrem pro jednoho z jejích nájemníků, Johna M. Lloyda. Po atentátu na Lincolna byla Surrattová zatčena a následující měsíc absolvovala spolu s dalšími spiklenci vojenský soudní proces. Byla usvědčena hlavně na základě Lloydových výpovědí, který prozradil, že mu řekla, že má připravené střelné zbraně, a na základě výpovědí Louise J. Weichmanna, který vypovídal o sympatiích Surratové ke Konfederaci. Surratt byla oběšena 7. července 1865. Poprava spiklenců (zleva: Suratová, Lewis Powell, David Herold a (cs) ماري إليزابيث جينكينز سورات (1820 أو مايو 1823-7 يوليو 1865) كانت مالكة نزل داخلي أمريكي في واشنطن العاصمة، وقد أدينت بالمشاركة في المؤامرة التي أدت إلى اغتيال رئيس الولايات المتحدة أبراهام لينكولن في عام 1865. وقد حكم عليها بالإعدام وشُنقت، وأصبحت أول امرأة تُعدم من قبل الحكومة الفيدرالية الأمريكية. أصرت ماري على براءتها حتى وفاتها، وما زالت القضية المرفوعة ضدها مثيرة للجدل. وكانت سورات والدة جون سورات، الذي حوكم لاحقًا، ولكن بسبب التقادم، لم يُدن. ولدت سورات في ماريلند في عشرينيات القرن التاسع عشر، واعتنقت الكاثوليكية في سن مبكرة وظلت تمارس تعاليم الكاثوليكية لبقية حياتها. تزوجت بجون هاريسون سورات عام 1840 وأنجبت ثلاثة أطفال. امتلك جون حانة ونزلًا وفندقًا. كانت عائلة سورات متعاطفة مع الولايات الكونفدرالية الأمريكية وغالبًا ما استضافوا زملاءهم المتعاطفين مع الكونفدرالية في الحانة الخاصة بهم. عند وفاة زوجها في عام 1862، كان على سورات إدارة ممتلكاته. تعبت من القيام بذلك دون مساعدة، انتقلت سورات إلى منزلها في واشنطن العاصمة، والذي أدارته بعد ذلك كنزل داخلي. هناك، تعرفت على جون ويلكس بوث. زار بوث النزل عدة مرات، مثلما زاره جورج أتزيريدت ولويس باول، المتآمران مع بوث في اغتيال لينكولن. قبل وقت قصير من قتل لينكولن، تحدث بوث مع سورات وسلمها طردًا يحتوي منظارًا لأحد النزلاء، جون إم. لويد. بعد اغتيال لينكولن، جرى القبض على سورات، ثم حوكمت أمام محكمة عسكرية في الشهر التالي مع المتآمرين الآخرين. وقد أدينت في المقام الأول بسبب شهادة لويد، الذي قال إنها أخبرته أن يجهز «أدوات إطلاق النار»، ولويس جيه فايكمان، الذي أدلى بشهادته حول علاقة سورات بجون. طلب خمسة من القضاة التسعة في محاكمتها من الرئيس أندرو جونسون منح الرأفة لسورات بسبب سنها وجنسها. لكن لم يمنحها، على الرغم من اختلاف الروايات حول ما إذا كان قد تلقى طلب الرأفة أم لا. وشنقت سورات في 7 يوليو عام 1865، ودُفنت لاحقًا في مقبرة ماونت أوليفت. (ar) Mary Elizabeth Eugenia Jenkins Surratt (* Mai oder Juni 1823 bei , Maryland; † 7. Juli 1865 in Washington, D.C.) war eine US-amerikanische Mitangeklagte im Zusammenhang mit dem Attentat auf Präsident Abraham Lincoln und die erste Frau, die durch eine amerikanische Bundesbehörde hingerichtet wurde. Es ist bis heute ungeklärt, ob sie schuldig, Mitwisserin oder unbeteiligt war. (de) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (mayo de 1820 o 1823 - 7 de julio de 1865), estadounidense, fue la propietaria de una pensión declarada culpable por participar en la conspiración para asesinar al presidente Abraham Lincoln. Condenada a muerte, fue ahorcada, convirtiéndose en la primera mujer ejecutada por el Gobierno federal de Estados Unidos. Fue la madre de John H. Surratt, Jr., que luego fue juzgado pero no fue condenado por el asesinato. (es) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (1820 or May 1823 – July 7, 1865) was an American boarding house owner in Washington, D.C., who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy which led to the assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Sentenced to death, she was hanged and became the first woman executed by the U.S. federal government. She maintained her innocence until her death, and the case against her was and remains controversial. Surratt was the mother of John Surratt, who was later tried, but due to statute of limitations, was not convicted. Born in Maryland in the 1820s, Surratt converted to Catholicism at a young age and remained a practicing Catholic for the rest of her life. She wed John Harrison Surratt in 1840 and had three children with him. An entrepreneur, John became the owner of a tavern, an inn, and a hotel. The Surratts were sympathetic to the Confederate States of America and often hosted fellow Confederate sympathizers at their tavern. Upon her husband's death in 1862, Surratt had to manage his estate. Tired of doing so without help, Surratt moved to her townhouse in Washington, D.C., which she then ran as a boardinghouse. There, she was introduced to John Wilkes Booth. Booth visited the boardinghouse numerous times, as did George Atzerodt and Lewis Powell, Booth's co-conspirators in the Lincoln assassination. Shortly before killing Lincoln, Booth spoke with Surratt and handed her a package containing binoculars for one of her tenants, John M. Lloyd. After Lincoln was assassinated, Surratt was arrested, then tried by a military tribunal the following month, along with the other conspirators. She was convicted primarily due to the testimonies of Lloyd, who said that she told him to have the "shooting irons" ready, and Louis J. Weichmann, who testified about Surratt's relationships with John. Five of the nine judges at her trial asked that Surratt be granted clemency by President Andrew Johnson because of her age and gender. Johnson did not grant her clemency, though accounts differ as to whether or not he received the clemency request. Surratt was hanged on July 7, 1865, and later buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery. (en) Mary Elizabeth Eugenia Jenkins Surratt (né en mai ou juin 1823 à , Maryland – exécutée le 7 juillet 1865 à Washington, D.C.) est une tenancière de taverne et de pension américaine, impliquée dans la conspiration, menée par John Wilkes Booth, qui déboucha sur l'assassinat du président Abraham Lincoln, le 14 avril 1865. Arrêtée, jugée et condamnée à mort, elle est une des quatre inculpés qui furent pendus après le procès des conspirateurs. Elle est la première femme exécutée par le gouvernement fédéral. Elle est la mère de John Surratt. L'importance de la participation de la famille Surrat dans des activités clandestines des confédérés ne pourra jamais être connue, mais il est certain (et les preuves en ont été apportées au procès de Mary Surratt) que des armes et de l'argent pour les agents confédérés ont été stockées dans leur taverne, louée à John M. Lloyd. (fr) Mary Surratt atau dikenal juga dengan Mary Jenkins merupakan wanita pertama yang dieksekusi oleh pemerintah federal AS. Ia dihukum setelah menerima vonis hukuman mati pada 7 Juli 1865. Ia dihukum karena perannya sebagai konspirator dalam pembunuhan Presiden AS ke-16 Abraham Lincoln. Mary Surrat adalah mantan pemilik sebuah kedai minuman di Maryland. Namun dia harus mengubah rumahnya di Washington DC menjadi rumah kos karena kesulitan keuangan. Rumah itu terletak beberapa blok dari Ford's Theater, tempat Lincoln dibunuh. Rumah kos ini disewa sekelompok pendukung Konfederasi, termasuk John Wilkes Booth dan David Herold, yang bersekongkol membunuh Lincoln. Hubungan antara Surratt dengan Booth pada akhirnya harus membuat Surratt dihukum mati, meski hukuman ini banyak diperdebatkan. (in) 매리 엘리자베스 젠킨스 수랏(Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt, 1820년 또는 1823년 5월 ~ 1865년 7월 7일)은 링컨 대통령 암살 사건에 가담한 하숙집 주인이다. 사형 선고를 받고, 교수형에 처해져 미국 연방 정부에 의해 처형된 최초의 여성이다. 그녀는 이후 재판을 받았지만, 암살에 기소되지 않은 존 H. 수랏 주니어의 어머니이다. (ko) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt è stata una criminale statunitense.Proprietaria di una pensione a Washington, venne accusata e condannata di complicità nell'assassinio del presidente statunitense Abraham Lincoln. Fu la prima donna condannata a morte per impiccagione dal governo americano. Mary Elizabeth Surratt era la madre di John Surratt Jr, il quale fu in seguito accusato, ma prosciolto, per il coinvolgimento dell'assassinio del presidente e dell'attentato al segretario di Stato William H. Seward. (it) Mary Elizabeth Surratt Jenkins (Waterloo (Maryland), mei of juni 1823 - Washington D.C., 7 juli 1865) was een Amerikaanse pensionhouder en zij werd tot de dood veroordeeld vanwege de samenzwering rondom de moord van Abraham Lincoln. Zij was de allereerste vrouw die in opdracht van de Amerikaanse overheid werd geëxecuteerd. (nl) Mary Elizabeth Eugenia Jenkins Surratt (ur. 1823, zm. 7 lipca 1865) – pierwsza kobieta skazana na karę śmierci przez rząd federalny Stanów Zjednoczonych. Oskarżona i uznana za winną za udział w spisku, który doprowadził do zabójstwa prezydenta Abrahama Lincolna. Egzekucję wykonano przez powieszenie. Matka , również zamieszanego w spisek. Proces Mary Surratt stał się podstawą scenariusza filmu (The Conspirator, 2010) w reżyserii Roberta Redforda. Jej rolę zagrała Robin Wright. (pl) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (Condado de Howard, 1820 ou maio de 1823 – Washington, DC, 7 de julho de 1865) foi uma proprietária de pensão americana em Washington, DC, em 1865 que foi condenada por participar da conspiração para assassinar o presidente dos EUA, Abraham Lincoln. Condenada à morte, ela foi enforcada e se tornou a primeira mulher executada pelo governo federal dos Estados Unidos. Ela manteve sua inocência até sua morte, e o caso contra ela foi e é controverso. Surratt era a mãe de John Surratt, que mais tarde foi julgado, mas devido ao estatuto de limitações, não foi condenado. Nascida em Maryland na década de 1820, Surratt se converteu ao catolicismo ainda jovem e permaneceu católica praticante pelo resto de sua vida. Ela se casou com John Harrison Surratt em 1840 e teve três filhos com ele. Empresário, John tornou-se dono de uma taverna, uma pousada e um hotel. Os Surratts eram simpatizantes dos Estados Confederados da América e muitas vezes hospedavam simpatizantes confederados em sua taverna. Após a morte de seu marido em 1862, Surratt teve que administrar sua propriedade. Cansada de fazer isso sem ajuda, Surratt mudou-se para sua casa em Washington, DC, que ela então administrava como pensão. Lá, ela foi apresentada a John Wilkes Booth. Booth visitou a pensão várias vezes, assim como George Atzerodt e Lewis Powell, os co-conspiradores de Booth no assassinato de Lincoln. Pouco antes de matar Lincoln, Booth falou com Surratt e lhe entregou um pacote contendo binóculos para um de seus inquilinos, John M. Lloyd. Depois que Lincoln foi assassinado, Surratt foi presa e julgada por um tribunal militar no mês seguinte, junto com os outros conspiradores. Ela foi condenada principalmente devido aos testemunhos de Lloyd, que disse que ela lhe disse para ter os "ferros de tiro" prontos, e Louis J. Weichmann, que testemunhou sobre as relações de Surratt com grupos confederados e simpatizantes. Cinco dos nove juízes em seu julgamento pediram que Surratt recebesse clemência do presidente Andrew Johnson por causa de sua idade e sexo. Johnson não concedeu sua clemência, embora os relatos diferem sobre se ela recebeu ou não o pedido de clemência. Surratt foi enforcada em 7 de julho de 1865 e depois enterrado no Cemitério Mount Olivet. (pt) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt, född i maj 1823 i , Maryland, död 7 juli 1865 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk pensionatsägare som dömdes för att ha deltagit i konspirationen för att mörda president Abraham Lincoln. Hon dömdes till döden och hängdes och blev därmed den första kvinnan som avrättats av USA:s federala regering. Hon var mor till John H. Surratt Jr, som senare blev åtalad men inte dömd för mordet. Rättegången, som genomfördes av en militär domstol, mot Mary Surratt skildras i spelfilmen från 2010, producerad och regisserad av Robert Redford. (sv) Мэ́ри Эли́забет Дже́нкинс Сэ́рратт (англ. Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt, 1820 или май 1823, Мэриленд — 7 июля 1865) — американка, владелица пансиона, осужденная за участие в заговоре с целью убийства президента США Авраама Линкольна. Приговоренная к смерти через повешение, она стала первой женщиной, казненной федеральным правительством США. Она отрицала свою вину до самой смерти, а дело Сэрратт вызывает споры до настоящего времени. Сэрратт была матерью , которого позднее судили за подготовку покушения на Линкольна и оправдали. (ru) |
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| dbp:birthName | Mary Elizabeth Jenkins (en) |
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| dbp:caption | Surratt in 1850 (en) Surratt's boarding house, c. 1890, little changed from how it looked during her occupancy. (en) Surratt's boarding house, which now houses a restaurant, is in the Chinatown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. (en) |
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| dbp:name | Mary Surratt (en) |
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| dbp:partners | (en) David Herold (en) George Atzerodt (en) John Surratt (en) John Wilkes Booth (en) Lewis Powell (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Mary Elizabeth Eugenia Jenkins Surratt (* Mai oder Juni 1823 bei , Maryland; † 7. Juli 1865 in Washington, D.C.) war eine US-amerikanische Mitangeklagte im Zusammenhang mit dem Attentat auf Präsident Abraham Lincoln und die erste Frau, die durch eine amerikanische Bundesbehörde hingerichtet wurde. Es ist bis heute ungeklärt, ob sie schuldig, Mitwisserin oder unbeteiligt war. (de) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (mayo de 1820 o 1823 - 7 de julio de 1865), estadounidense, fue la propietaria de una pensión declarada culpable por participar en la conspiración para asesinar al presidente Abraham Lincoln. Condenada a muerte, fue ahorcada, convirtiéndose en la primera mujer ejecutada por el Gobierno federal de Estados Unidos. Fue la madre de John H. Surratt, Jr., que luego fue juzgado pero no fue condenado por el asesinato. (es) 매리 엘리자베스 젠킨스 수랏(Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt, 1820년 또는 1823년 5월 ~ 1865년 7월 7일)은 링컨 대통령 암살 사건에 가담한 하숙집 주인이다. 사형 선고를 받고, 교수형에 처해져 미국 연방 정부에 의해 처형된 최초의 여성이다. 그녀는 이후 재판을 받았지만, 암살에 기소되지 않은 존 H. 수랏 주니어의 어머니이다. (ko) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt è stata una criminale statunitense.Proprietaria di una pensione a Washington, venne accusata e condannata di complicità nell'assassinio del presidente statunitense Abraham Lincoln. Fu la prima donna condannata a morte per impiccagione dal governo americano. Mary Elizabeth Surratt era la madre di John Surratt Jr, il quale fu in seguito accusato, ma prosciolto, per il coinvolgimento dell'assassinio del presidente e dell'attentato al segretario di Stato William H. Seward. (it) Mary Elizabeth Surratt Jenkins (Waterloo (Maryland), mei of juni 1823 - Washington D.C., 7 juli 1865) was een Amerikaanse pensionhouder en zij werd tot de dood veroordeeld vanwege de samenzwering rondom de moord van Abraham Lincoln. Zij was de allereerste vrouw die in opdracht van de Amerikaanse overheid werd geëxecuteerd. (nl) Mary Elizabeth Eugenia Jenkins Surratt (ur. 1823, zm. 7 lipca 1865) – pierwsza kobieta skazana na karę śmierci przez rząd federalny Stanów Zjednoczonych. Oskarżona i uznana za winną za udział w spisku, który doprowadził do zabójstwa prezydenta Abrahama Lincolna. Egzekucję wykonano przez powieszenie. Matka , również zamieszanego w spisek. Proces Mary Surratt stał się podstawą scenariusza filmu (The Conspirator, 2010) w reżyserii Roberta Redforda. Jej rolę zagrała Robin Wright. (pl) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt, född i maj 1823 i , Maryland, död 7 juli 1865 i Washington, D.C., var en amerikansk pensionatsägare som dömdes för att ha deltagit i konspirationen för att mörda president Abraham Lincoln. Hon dömdes till döden och hängdes och blev därmed den första kvinnan som avrättats av USA:s federala regering. Hon var mor till John H. Surratt Jr, som senare blev åtalad men inte dömd för mordet. Rättegången, som genomfördes av en militär domstol, mot Mary Surratt skildras i spelfilmen från 2010, producerad och regisserad av Robert Redford. (sv) Мэ́ри Эли́забет Дже́нкинс Сэ́рратт (англ. Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt, 1820 или май 1823, Мэриленд — 7 июля 1865) — американка, владелица пансиона, осужденная за участие в заговоре с целью убийства президента США Авраама Линкольна. Приговоренная к смерти через повешение, она стала первой женщиной, казненной федеральным правительством США. Она отрицала свою вину до самой смерти, а дело Сэрратт вызывает споры до настоящего времени. Сэрратт была матерью , которого позднее судили за подготовку покушения на Линкольна и оправдали. (ru) ماري إليزابيث جينكينز سورات (1820 أو مايو 1823-7 يوليو 1865) كانت مالكة نزل داخلي أمريكي في واشنطن العاصمة، وقد أدينت بالمشاركة في المؤامرة التي أدت إلى اغتيال رئيس الولايات المتحدة أبراهام لينكولن في عام 1865. وقد حكم عليها بالإعدام وشُنقت، وأصبحت أول امرأة تُعدم من قبل الحكومة الفيدرالية الأمريكية. أصرت ماري على براءتها حتى وفاتها، وما زالت القضية المرفوعة ضدها مثيرة للجدل. وكانت سورات والدة جون سورات، الذي حوكم لاحقًا، ولكن بسبب التقادم، لم يُدن. (ar) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (1820, nebo květen 1823 – 7. července 1865) byla americká majitelka penzionu, jež byla usvědčena z účasti na plánování atentátu na Abrahama Lincolna. Byla odsouzena k smrti oběšením a stala se tak první ženou, na které byl federální vládou Spojených států amerických vykonán trest smrti. Až do své smrti trvala na své nevině a její případ byl a je kontroverzní. Surratt byla matkou Johna Surratta, který byl později souzený, ale nebyl z účasti na atentátu shledán vinným. Poprava spiklenců (zleva: Suratová, Lewis Powell, David Herold a (cs) Mary Elizabeth Eugenia Jenkins Surratt (né en mai ou juin 1823 à , Maryland – exécutée le 7 juillet 1865 à Washington, D.C.) est une tenancière de taverne et de pension américaine, impliquée dans la conspiration, menée par John Wilkes Booth, qui déboucha sur l'assassinat du président Abraham Lincoln, le 14 avril 1865. Arrêtée, jugée et condamnée à mort, elle est une des quatre inculpés qui furent pendus après le procès des conspirateurs. Elle est la première femme exécutée par le gouvernement fédéral. Elle est la mère de John Surratt. (fr) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (1820 or May 1823 – July 7, 1865) was an American boarding house owner in Washington, D.C., who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy which led to the assassination of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Sentenced to death, she was hanged and became the first woman executed by the U.S. federal government. She maintained her innocence until her death, and the case against her was and remains controversial. Surratt was the mother of John Surratt, who was later tried, but due to statute of limitations, was not convicted. (en) Mary Surratt atau dikenal juga dengan Mary Jenkins merupakan wanita pertama yang dieksekusi oleh pemerintah federal AS. Ia dihukum setelah menerima vonis hukuman mati pada 7 Juli 1865. Ia dihukum karena perannya sebagai konspirator dalam pembunuhan Presiden AS ke-16 Abraham Lincoln. (in) Mary Elizabeth Jenkins Surratt (Condado de Howard, 1820 ou maio de 1823 – Washington, DC, 7 de julho de 1865) foi uma proprietária de pensão americana em Washington, DC, em 1865 que foi condenada por participar da conspiração para assassinar o presidente dos EUA, Abraham Lincoln. Condenada à morte, ela foi enforcada e se tornou a primeira mulher executada pelo governo federal dos Estados Unidos. Ela manteve sua inocência até sua morte, e o caso contra ela foi e é controverso. Surratt era a mãe de John Surratt, que mais tarde foi julgado, mas devido ao estatuto de limitações, não foi condenado. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | ماري سورات (ar) Mary Surratt (cs) Mary Surratt (de) Mary Surratt (es) Mary Surratt (fr) Mary Surratt (in) Mary Surratt (it) Mary Surratt (en) 매리 수랏 (ko) Mary Surratt (nl) Mary Surratt (pl) Mary Surratt (pt) Mary Surratt (sv) Сэрратт, Мэри (ru) Мері Сюрратт (uk) |
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