Medicine in China (original) (raw)
In China, the practice of medicine is a mixture of government, charitable, and private institutions, while many people rely on traditional medicine. Until reforms in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, physicians were quasi-government employees and with little freedom in the choice of the hospital to work with. In addition, decades of planned economic policy discouraged physicians from opening their own clinics, and the practice of medicine was generally under the control of local units, such as factories, government, offices, or communes. The reforms created a largely private practice, and physicians now are encouraged to open private clinics and for-profit hospitals.
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| dbo:abstract | In China, the practice of medicine is a mixture of government, charitable, and private institutions, while many people rely on traditional medicine. Until reforms in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, physicians were quasi-government employees and with little freedom in the choice of the hospital to work with. In addition, decades of planned economic policy discouraged physicians from opening their own clinics, and the practice of medicine was generally under the control of local units, such as factories, government, offices, or communes. The reforms created a largely private practice, and physicians now are encouraged to open private clinics and for-profit hospitals. (en) Bhí cúrsaí míochaine go mór chun cinn sa tSín agus éachtaí á ndéanamh ann, mar is léir ón méid seo a leanas, a théann suas go dtí 1000 AD amháin. I ré Zhou (11ú-3ú céad RC) ceapadh lianna is bia-eolaithe ríoga (ón 6ú céad RC), lianna a bhí earcaithe ag an stát, oifigigh sláinte pobail; bhí tuiscint ar thábhácht íonuisce le n-ól agus an ceangal idir sláinte fhisiciúil is sláinte meabhrach. I ré Qin/Han (3ú céad RC-3ú céad AD), foilsíodh beathaisnéis lia (Shi Chi, 1ú céad RC), bhí an chéad ospidéal ann (491), ospidéil stáit (faoin 6ú céad), 360 pointe snáthaidphollta ar eolas (1ú céad RC), teascadh (1ú céad AD), gearrthaí Caesaracha (5ú céad), cruthú ar an gceangal idir bianna milse is diaibéiteas (1ú céad AD, 1700 bliain roimh an Eoraip), cruthú go raibh feamainn fóinteach do dhuine le hainglis (1ú céad, míle roimh an Eoraip), ól tae íocshláintigh, taifead ar chúiseanna bia-nimhithe i gcistineacha is iompartha ag feithidí, uisce inólta i bpíopaí i bpaláis Qin (3ú céad RC), uisce ó thoibreacha le haol iontu á sholáthar ar feadh seolphíopaí cré chuig cathracha (2ú céad AD), folcadáin phoiblí, luchairí/díothóirí feithidí poiblí ag úsáid phioratraim, chéad eolaí na cógaseolaíochta Síní (365 druga), agus an chéad tráchtas ar mhíochaine (1ú céad AD). I ré Sui-Tang (6ú-10ú céad) bunaíodh an coláiste impiriúil míochaine (620), le cúrsaí speisialta i bhfiaclóireacht is oftailmeolaíocht; bhí 10 scrúdú deireanach riachtanach chun cáilithe faoi 759, riachtanas dlíthúil le 20 mac léinn míochaine i ngach cathair mhór, soláthar cógas leighis ón stat, lárionad dáilte cógas leighis i ngach cúige, staidéir ar luibheanna chun cógais nua a aimsiú, 400 planda leighis in úsáid (7ú céad), foclóir oideas (723), 27 cóireáil feamainne don ainglis, staidéar ar an gcóras imshruthaithe. (ga) Kedokteran di Tiongkok sebagian besar dijalankan oleh pemerintah. Dokter yang direkrut di rumah sakit sebelumnya merupakan pegawai pemerintah dan hanya memiliki sedikit kebebasan untuk memilih di rumah sakit tempat di mana mereka akan bekerja. Di lain pihak, kebijakan ekonomi Tiongkok membuat para dokter enggan membuka klinik mandiri, dan praktik kedokteran umumnya diselenggarakan oleh negara. Saat ini dokter di Tiongkok didorong untuk membuka atau rumah sakit swasta di China. Dokter boleh membuka klinik swasta, jika dokter tersebut telah bekerja selama lima tahun setelah menerima izin praktik nasional. (in) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.cma.org.cn/ http://www.iime.org/database/asia/china.htm http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/292/19/998 http://www.academia.edu/download/45788918/j.1365-2648.1992.tb01831.x20160519-14963-wts3he.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20191007081227/https:/pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1131/a3d964f37082ebd6b0982a4bd5c30a77a745.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20191007081229/https:/pdfs.semanticscholar.org/624e/4731ee605d0512932253e0cb2456c2e12446.pdf |
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| dbp:bot | medic (en) |
| dbp:date | July 2022 (en) |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Healthcare_in_China |
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| rdfs:comment | In China, the practice of medicine is a mixture of government, charitable, and private institutions, while many people rely on traditional medicine. Until reforms in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century, physicians were quasi-government employees and with little freedom in the choice of the hospital to work with. In addition, decades of planned economic policy discouraged physicians from opening their own clinics, and the practice of medicine was generally under the control of local units, such as factories, government, offices, or communes. The reforms created a largely private practice, and physicians now are encouraged to open private clinics and for-profit hospitals. (en) Bhí cúrsaí míochaine go mór chun cinn sa tSín agus éachtaí á ndéanamh ann, mar is léir ón méid seo a leanas, a théann suas go dtí 1000 AD amháin. I ré Zhou (11ú-3ú céad RC) ceapadh lianna is bia-eolaithe ríoga (ón 6ú céad RC), lianna a bhí earcaithe ag an stát, oifigigh sláinte pobail; bhí tuiscint ar thábhácht íonuisce le n-ól agus an ceangal idir sláinte fhisiciúil is sláinte meabhrach. I ré Qin/Han (3ú céad RC-3ú céad AD), foilsíodh beathaisnéis lia (Shi Chi, 1ú céad RC), bhí an chéad ospidéal ann (491), ospidéil stáit (faoin 6ú céad), 360 pointe snáthaidphollta ar eolas (1ú céad RC), teascadh (1ú céad AD), gearrthaí Caesaracha (5ú céad), cruthú ar an gceangal idir bianna milse is diaibéiteas (1ú céad AD, 1700 bliain roimh an Eoraip), cruthú go raibh feamainn fóinteach do dhuine le hain (ga) Kedokteran di Tiongkok sebagian besar dijalankan oleh pemerintah. Dokter yang direkrut di rumah sakit sebelumnya merupakan pegawai pemerintah dan hanya memiliki sedikit kebebasan untuk memilih di rumah sakit tempat di mana mereka akan bekerja. Di lain pihak, kebijakan ekonomi Tiongkok membuat para dokter enggan membuka klinik mandiri, dan praktik kedokteran umumnya diselenggarakan oleh negara. (in) |
| rdfs:label | Medicine in China (en) Míochaine na Síne (ga) Kedokteran di Tiongkok (in) |
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| owl:differentFrom | dbr:Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences |
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