Midnight movie (original) (raw)
Film della mezzanotte (midnight movie in inglese) è il nome dato a una pratica di distribuzione televisiva statunitense che trova le sue origini nei primi anni cinquanta, quando le emittenti televisive locali davano spazio a film a basso costo, di dubbia qualità nella loro programmazione notturna dopo la mezzanotte.Intorno agli anni settanta si assiste all'espansione del fenomeno su scala nazionale, a partire da New York. Oggi il termine ha significati diversi ma è affine ai film di serie B e film di culto.
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| dbo:abstract | Midnight Movies sind ein Phänomen der Filmszene der USA in den 1970er Jahren. Damals avancierten spezielle Low-Budget-Filme und Independentproduktionen, welche vor allem in der Spätvorstellung der Kinos gezeigt wurden, zu Kultfilmen, die einen bemerkenswerten und einzigartigen Einfluss auf die Popkultur und die amerikanische Gesellschaft hatten. Die Vorstellungen begannen immer gegen Mitternacht und waren vor allem bei Jugendlichen und Studenten äußerst beliebt. Durch das Zusammenfinden von Kinobesuchern zu dieser speziellen Tages- bzw. Nachtzeit formte sich eine cineastische Szene, deren kulturelle und intellektuelle Aussagen als Gegenentwurf zum Leben der Elterngeneration und der sogenannten kulturellen Elite sowie dem Mainstream gelten sollten. Die 1970er Jahre markierten einen Wendepunkt in der modernen amerikanischen und weltweiten Kultur. Der Vietnamkrieg und die damit verbundene geistige Spaltung der USA forderte eine neue Generation von Künstlern und Filmemachern dazu auf, in ihren Produktionen u. a. viel mehr politische Aussagen zu tätigen. Sie teilten ein und dasselbe Ziel: Sie wollten die traditionellen Aspekte des Filmemachens über Bord werfen und etwas erschaffen, was außerhalb der Norm lag. Gleichsam als Revolte gegen die Nachkriegsgeneration und das Establishment begann sich eine Subkultur zu bilden, die ihre eigenen Parameter in Sachen Film, Filminhalt, Ästhetik sowie in der Grenzziehung des Darstellbaren aufstellte. Midnight Movies brachen mit vielen Tabus und stellten viele ungewöhnliche Dinge als normal dar: So wurde das Bizarre als das Bessere, das Groteske als das Gute und sexuelle Vielfältigkeit als modern inszeniert; der Kinobesucher wurde oft zum ersten Mal mit Kannibalismus, Inzest, Koprophagie und ähnlichen grenzwertigen bzw. skurrilen Gebräuchen konfrontiert. Aber auch abstruse Horror- und Science-Fiction-Filme der 40er, 50er und 60er Jahre gelangten nach Jahrzehnten der Vergessenheit wieder auf die Leinwand. Die Filme wurden oft über mehrere Jahre in den Kinos von New York und Los Angeles vorgeführt. Dadurch bildeten sich wahre Fangemeinden, die während der Filmvorführungen in den Kinos teilweise die auf der Leinwand gezeigten Szenen in Kostüm und Maske nachspielten (bekanntestes Beispiel: The Rocky Horror Picture Show). Midnight Movies sind Filme aus den verschiedensten Genres. Die Palette reicht vom Horrorfilm, Science-Fiction-Film, Zeichentrick, Drama und Western über Musicals bis hin zu Doku-Dramen, beispielsweise Reefer Madness, welcher in den 30er Jahren zu Aufklärungszwecken dienen sollte. (de) The term midnight movie is rooted in the practice that emerged in the 1950s of local television stations around the United States airing low-budget genre films as late-night programming, often with a host delivering ironic asides. As a cinematic phenomenon, the midnight screening of offbeat movies began in the early 1970s in a few urban centers, particularly in New York City with screenings of El Topo at the Elgin Theater, eventually spreading across the country. The screening of non-mainstream pictures at midnight was aimed at building a cult film audience, encouraging repeat viewing and social interaction in what was originally a countercultural setting. The national success of The Rocky Horror Picture Show and the changing economics of the film exhibition industry altered the nature of the midnight movie phenomenon; as its association with broader trends of cultural and political opposition dwindled in the 1980s, the midnight movie became a more purely camp experience—in effect, bringing it closer to the television form that shares its name. The term midnight movie is now often used in two different, though related, ways: as a synonym for B movie, reflecting the relative cheapness characteristic of late-night movies both theatrically and on TV, and as a synonym for cult film. (en) Le midnight movie (ou film de minuit) est une catégorie de films à petit budget diffusés tard le soir au cinéma dans les séances de minuit ou par les chaînes de télévision locales aux États-Unis à partir des années 1950. Ce phénomène de la diffusion à minuit de films s'est répandu au début des années 1970 dans les agglomérations urbaines telles que New York, pour ensuite se propager dans tout le pays. En marge des productions hollywoodiennes (et ne pouvant donc pas bénéficier de gros budgets), ces films étranges, kitsch, provocants, défiaient les conventions de l'époque. La diffusion de films décalés à minuit avait pour finalité de développer une audience pour ces films, en encourageant les rediffusions multiples au sein d'une contre-culture. La diffusion s'appuyait beaucoup sur le bouche à oreille, les tentatives de mise dans le circuit traditionnel s'avérèrent d'ailleurs infructueuses. Certains de ces films sont aujourd'hui considérés comme cultes. Le succès national du Rocky Horror Picture Show et les mutations de l'industrie cinématographique ont modifié la nature de ce phénomène et dans le contexte des changements culturels et politiques des années 1980, il est devenu un exercice de style et s'est rapproché de sa forme télévisée qui porte le même nom. Le terme « midnight movie » peut être entendu comme un synonyme de film de série B. (fr) Film della mezzanotte (midnight movie in inglese) è il nome dato a una pratica di distribuzione televisiva statunitense che trova le sue origini nei primi anni cinquanta, quando le emittenti televisive locali davano spazio a film a basso costo, di dubbia qualità nella loro programmazione notturna dopo la mezzanotte.Intorno agli anni settanta si assiste all'espansione del fenomeno su scala nazionale, a partire da New York. Oggi il termine ha significati diversi ma è affine ai film di serie B e film di culto. (it) ミッドナイトムービー（Midnight movie）とは、アメリカ合衆国のアートハウスシアターにおいて1970年代を中心に深夜上映の形態で公開されていたカルト映画の総称。 大半は大手映画会社に属さない独立系プロダクションやアマチュア作家によって製作されたものであるが、ミッドナイトムービー出身で後に著名となった映画監督も多数存在する。代表的な作品にアレハンドロ・ホドロフスキーの『エル・トポ』（1970年）、ジョン・ウォーターズの『ピンク・フラミンゴ』（1972年）、の『ロッキー・ホラー・ショー』（1975年）、デヴィッド・リンチの『イレイザーヘッド』（1977年）などが挙げられる。 (ja) Nos Estados Unidos, um filme da meia-noite é um filme B ou filme cult apresentado à meia-noite, seja no cinema ou na televisão. Essa prática começou na década de 1950, com estações de televisão locais dos Estados Unidos e obras de baixo orçamento. Como um fenômeno cinematográfico, a projeção à meia-noite de filmes cult começou no início da década de 1970 em alguns centros urbanos, particularmente em Nova Iorque, acabou se espalhando por todo o país. Destinado à construção de um público desse gênero de filme, a interação social originaram uma definição de contracultura. O sucesso nacional The Rocky Horror Picture Show e a mudança na indústria cinematográfica alteraram a exibição dos filmes da meia-noite; como sua associação com tendências políticas e culturais diminuiu na década de 1980, o filme da meia-noite tornou-se uma experiência camp. O termo filme da meia-noite atualmente é muitas vezes usado de duas maneiras diferentes, embora relacionadas: como um sinônimo de filme B refletindo o baixo orçamento relativo, tanto nos cinemas quanto na televisão, e como sinônimo de filme cult. (pt) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://cinematreasures.org/ http://www.rockyhorror.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20040806162303/http:/www.indiewire.com/movies/movies_040722darko.html https://web.archive.org/web/20060818080330/http:/www.milwaukee-horror-hosts.com/ https://web.archive.org/web/20061128123217/http:/www.moviemaker.com/magazine/editorial.php%3Fid=47 https://web.archive.org/web/20070916050938/http:/www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1661430,00.html https://web.archive.org/web/20110213112850/http:/movies.nytimes.com/movie/109010/Scarecrow-in-a-Garden-of-Cucumbers/overview http://arts.guardian.co.uk/filmandmusic/story/0,,2024235,00.html http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,317883,00.html http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/21/news/midnight.php http://www.popmatters.com/pm/features/article/5917/the-boob-tube-elvira-mistress-of-the-dark-and-movie-macabre/ http://www.tcm.com/underground/ http://movies2.nytimes.com/mem/movies/review.html%3F_r=1&res=9A00E2DF163EE63ABC4D53DFB767838A669EDE&oref=slogin http://www.finelinefeatures.com/pink/ http://www.boxofficemojo.com/news/%3Fid=1823&p=.htm |
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| rdfs:comment | Film della mezzanotte (midnight movie in inglese) è il nome dato a una pratica di distribuzione televisiva statunitense che trova le sue origini nei primi anni cinquanta, quando le emittenti televisive locali davano spazio a film a basso costo, di dubbia qualità nella loro programmazione notturna dopo la mezzanotte.Intorno agli anni settanta si assiste all'espansione del fenomeno su scala nazionale, a partire da New York. Oggi il termine ha significati diversi ma è affine ai film di serie B e film di culto. (it) ミッドナイトムービー（Midnight movie）とは、アメリカ合衆国のアートハウスシアターにおいて1970年代を中心に深夜上映の形態で公開されていたカルト映画の総称。 大半は大手映画会社に属さない独立系プロダクションやアマチュア作家によって製作されたものであるが、ミッドナイトムービー出身で後に著名となった映画監督も多数存在する。代表的な作品にアレハンドロ・ホドロフスキーの『エル・トポ』（1970年）、ジョン・ウォーターズの『ピンク・フラミンゴ』（1972年）、の『ロッキー・ホラー・ショー』（1975年）、デヴィッド・リンチの『イレイザーヘッド』（1977年）などが挙げられる。 (ja) Midnight Movies sind ein Phänomen der Filmszene der USA in den 1970er Jahren. Damals avancierten spezielle Low-Budget-Filme und Independentproduktionen, welche vor allem in der Spätvorstellung der Kinos gezeigt wurden, zu Kultfilmen, die einen bemerkenswerten und einzigartigen Einfluss auf die Popkultur und die amerikanische Gesellschaft hatten. Die Vorstellungen begannen immer gegen Mitternacht und waren vor allem bei Jugendlichen und Studenten äußerst beliebt. Durch das Zusammenfinden von Kinobesuchern zu dieser speziellen Tages- bzw. Nachtzeit formte sich eine cineastische Szene, deren kulturelle und intellektuelle Aussagen als Gegenentwurf zum Leben der Elterngeneration und der sogenannten kulturellen Elite sowie dem Mainstream gelten sollten. (de) The term midnight movie is rooted in the practice that emerged in the 1950s of local television stations around the United States airing low-budget genre films as late-night programming, often with a host delivering ironic asides. As a cinematic phenomenon, the midnight screening of offbeat movies began in the early 1970s in a few urban centers, particularly in New York City with screenings of El Topo at the Elgin Theater, eventually spreading across the country. The screening of non-mainstream pictures at midnight was aimed at building a cult film audience, encouraging repeat viewing and social interaction in what was originally a countercultural setting. (en) Le midnight movie (ou film de minuit) est une catégorie de films à petit budget diffusés tard le soir au cinéma dans les séances de minuit ou par les chaînes de télévision locales aux États-Unis à partir des années 1950. Ce phénomène de la diffusion à minuit de films s'est répandu au début des années 1970 dans les agglomérations urbaines telles que New York, pour ensuite se propager dans tout le pays. (fr) Nos Estados Unidos, um filme da meia-noite é um filme B ou filme cult apresentado à meia-noite, seja no cinema ou na televisão. Essa prática começou na década de 1950, com estações de televisão locais dos Estados Unidos e obras de baixo orçamento. Como um fenômeno cinematográfico, a projeção à meia-noite de filmes cult começou no início da década de 1970 em alguns centros urbanos, particularmente em Nova Iorque, acabou se espalhando por todo o país. Destinado à construção de um público desse gênero de filme, a interação social originaram uma definição de contracultura. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Midnight movie (en) Midnight Movie (de) Midnight movie (catégorie de films) (fr) Film della mezzanotte (it) ミッドナイトムービー (ja) Filme da meia-noite (pt) |
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