Mucosal immunology (original) (raw)

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Mucosal immunology is the study of immune system responses that occur at mucosal membranes of the intestines, the urogenital tract, and the respiratory system. The mucous membranes are in constant contact with microorganisms, food, and inhaled antigens. In healthy states, the mucosal immune system protects the organism against infectious pathogens and maintains a tolerance towards non-harmful commensal microbes and benign environmental substances. Disruption of this balance between tolerance and deprivation of pathogens can lead to pathological conditions such as food allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, susceptibility to infections, and more.

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dbo:abstract Mucosal immunology is the study of immune system responses that occur at mucosal membranes of the intestines, the urogenital tract, and the respiratory system. The mucous membranes are in constant contact with microorganisms, food, and inhaled antigens. In healthy states, the mucosal immune system protects the organism against infectious pathogens and maintains a tolerance towards non-harmful commensal microbes and benign environmental substances. Disruption of this balance between tolerance and deprivation of pathogens can lead to pathological conditions such as food allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, susceptibility to infections, and more. The mucosal immune system consists of a cellular component, humoral immunity, and defense mechanisms that prevent the invasion of microorganisms and harmful foreign substances into the body. These defense mechanisms can be divided into physical barriers (epithelial lining, mucus, cilia function, intestinal peristalsis, etc.) and chemical factors (pH, antimicrobial peptides, etc.). (en) Le système immunitaire des muqueuses est la partie du système immunitaire responsable de la protection des muqueuses (notamment des systèmes gastro-intestinal, urinaire et respiratoire). Placé à l'interface avec le monde extérieur, il réalise la « police des frontières » de l'organisme, par opposition à la réaction immunitaire systémique réalisée à l'intérieur des tissus. Contrairement à ce dernier, son action passe essentiellement par la production d'anticorps, les immunoglobulines A sécrétoires, qui n'activent pas ou très peu le système du complément. De ce fait, son activité n'entraîne pas d'inflammation. Les structures et mécanismes propres à l'immunité des muqueuses comprennent notamment les tissus lymphoïdes associés aux muqueuses (dont les plaques de Peyer) et les immunoglobulines A sécrétoires. Le système immunitaire muqueux assure trois fonctions principales : * Il sert de première ligne de défense du corps contre les antigènes et les infections. * Il empêche des réponses immunitaires systémiques aux bactéries commensales et aux antigènes alimentaires (principalement des protéines alimentaires dans le tissu lymphoïde associé à l'intestin, ce qu'on appelle la tolérance orale). * Il régule les réponses immunitaires appropriées aux agents pathogènes rencontrés quotidiennement. Dans les états sains, le système immunitaire muqueux offre une protection contre les agents pathogènes, mais maintient une tolérance envers les microbes commensaux non nocifs et les substances environnementales bénignes. (fr)
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rdfs:comment Mucosal immunology is the study of immune system responses that occur at mucosal membranes of the intestines, the urogenital tract, and the respiratory system. The mucous membranes are in constant contact with microorganisms, food, and inhaled antigens. In healthy states, the mucosal immune system protects the organism against infectious pathogens and maintains a tolerance towards non-harmful commensal microbes and benign environmental substances. Disruption of this balance between tolerance and deprivation of pathogens can lead to pathological conditions such as food allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, susceptibility to infections, and more. (en) Le système immunitaire des muqueuses est la partie du système immunitaire responsable de la protection des muqueuses (notamment des systèmes gastro-intestinal, urinaire et respiratoire). Placé à l'interface avec le monde extérieur, il réalise la « police des frontières » de l'organisme, par opposition à la réaction immunitaire systémique réalisée à l'intérieur des tissus. Contrairement à ce dernier, son action passe essentiellement par la production d'anticorps, les immunoglobulines A sécrétoires, qui n'activent pas ou très peu le système du complément. De ce fait, son activité n'entraîne pas d'inflammation. (fr)
rdfs:label Système immunitaire des muqueuses (fr) Mucosal immunology (en)
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