Navayana (original) (raw)
Istilah Nawayana (Dewanagari: नवयान, IAST: Navayāna), yang berarti "Wahana Baru", merujuk kepada penafsiran ulang agama Buddha oleh Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. Ambedkar lahir dalam sebuah keluarga Dalit (tak tersentuh) pada era kolonial India, belajar di luar negeri, menjadi pemimpin Dalit dan mengumumkan niatnya untuk pindah agama dari Hindu ke Buddha pada 1935.
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| dbo:abstract | Navayana (Devanagari: नवयान, IAST: Navayāna) means "new vehicle" and refers to the re-interpretation of Buddhism by Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar; it is also called Neo-Buddhism and Ambedkarite Buddhism. Ambedkar was a polymath, theologian and scholar of Buddhism. He was born in a Dalit (untouchable) family during the colonial era of India, studied abroad, became a Dalit leader, and announced in 1935 his intent to convert from Hinduism to a different religion, and he has studied all the major religions of the world in depth, including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, and Buddhism, for nearly 21 years. Thereafter Ambedkar studied texts of Buddhism, found several of its core beliefs and doctrines such as Four Noble Truths and "non-self" as flawed and pessimistic, then re-interpreted these into what he called "new vehicle" Buddhism, or Navayana. Ambedkar held a press conference on 13 October 1956, announcing his rejection of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism, as well as of Hinduism. Thereafter, he left Hinduism and adopted Navayana, about six weeks before his death. Its adherents see Navayana Buddhism not as a sect with radically different ideas, but rather as new movement founded on the principles of Buddhism. In the Dalit Buddhist movement of India, Navayana is considered a new branch of Buddhism, different from the traditionally recognized branches of Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana – considered to be foundational in the Buddhist traditions. It partially but radically re-interprets what Buddhism is, revising parts of the original Buddha teaching to be more concerned with class struggle and social equality taking into account modern problems. Almost 90% of Navayana live in Maharashtra. In the 2011 census, Marathi Buddhists were 6.5 million, constituting 5.8% of the population of Maharashtra and 77% of the Buddhist population of India. Ambedkar called his version of Buddhism Navayana or "Neo-Buddhism". His book, The Buddha and His Dhamma is the holy book of Navayana followers. Followers of Navayana Buddhism are generally called "Buddhists" (Baud'dha) as well as Ambedkarite Buddhists, Neo-Buddhists, and rarely Navayana Buddhists. While the term Navayana is most commonly used in reference to the movement Ambedkar founded in India, it is also (more rarely) used in a different sense, to refer to Westernised forms of Buddhism. (en) Istilah Nawayana (Dewanagari: नवयान, IAST: Navayāna), yang berarti "Wahana Baru", merujuk kepada penafsiran ulang agama Buddha oleh Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. Ambedkar lahir dalam sebuah keluarga Dalit (tak tersentuh) pada era kolonial India, belajar di luar negeri, menjadi pemimpin Dalit dan mengumumkan niatnya untuk pindah agama dari Hindu ke Buddha pada 1935. (in) Наваяна (дев. नवयान, IAST: Navayana) — в переводе означает «новая колесница» и относится к переосмыслению буддизма Бхимрао Рамджи Амбедкаром, лидера одноимённого религиозного течения, которое также называется необуддизм и IAST: Bhimayāna (по первому имени Амбедкара, Бхимрао). Амбедкар родился в семье далитов (неприкасаемых) в колониальной Индии, учился за границей, стал лидером движения Махар Далит и объявил в 1935 году о своем намерении перейти из индуизма в буддизм. Изучив буддийские тексты, он счёл некоторые доктрины, например, Четыре благородные истины и «отсутствие Я», ошибочными и пессимистичными и придал им собственное толкование, назвав «новой колесницей» буддизма или «наваяной». 13 октября 1956 года Амбедкар провёл пресс-конференцию, на которой объявил о своём неприятии буддизма тхеравады и махаяны, а также индуизма. Его последователи считают себя последователями нового движения, основанного на принципах буддизма. В Индии в рамках буддийского движения далитов наваяна считается новой ветвью буддизма, отличной от традиционно признанных тхеравады, махаяны и ваджраяны. Это радикальное переосмысление буддизма в свете классовой борьбы и стремления к социальному равенству. Наваяну иногда называют «необуддизмом». Книга Амбедкара «Будда и его Дхамма» стала священной для последователей наваяны. Их обычно называют буддистами-амбедкаритами, необуддистами и, реже, буддистами наваяны. Хотя термин «наваяна» чаще всего используется по отношению к движению, основанному Амбедкаром в Индии, иногда им обозначают вестернизированные формы буддизма. (ru) Navayana (hindi: नवयान "nya vägen") är en sekulär buddhistisk riktning grundad av den indiske juristen, politikern och medborgarrättsaktivisten B. R. Ambedkar. Navayana grundades år 1956, när Ambadkar, som då var Indiens justitieminister, lämnade hinduismen och konverterade till buddhismen tillsammans med fler än 200 000 andra daliter ("kastlösa") vid en ceremoni som hölls i Nagpur, Maharashtra. (sv) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.psychotherapieenboeddhisme.nl/documents/bionavupaya2.pdf https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.99895 http://eng.buddhapia.com/_Service/_ContentView/ETC_CONTENT_2.ASP%3Fpk=0001378004&sub_pk=&clss_cd=0002204363&top_menu_cd=0000000287&menu_cd=0000008843&menu_code=0000008843 https://web.archive.org/web/20110719081538/http:/eng.buddhapia.com/_Service/_ContentView/ETC_CONTENT_2.ASP%3Fpk=0001378004&sub_pk=&clss_cd=0002204363&top_menu_cd=0000000287&menu_cd=0000008843&menu_code=0000008843 https://web.archive.org/web/20111005221937/http:/www.psychotherapieenboeddhisme.nl/documents/bionavupaya2.pdf |
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| dbp:date | March 2021 (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Istilah Nawayana (Dewanagari: नवयान, IAST: Navayāna), yang berarti "Wahana Baru", merujuk kepada penafsiran ulang agama Buddha oleh Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar. Ambedkar lahir dalam sebuah keluarga Dalit (tak tersentuh) pada era kolonial India, belajar di luar negeri, menjadi pemimpin Dalit dan mengumumkan niatnya untuk pindah agama dari Hindu ke Buddha pada 1935. (in) Navayana (hindi: नवयान "nya vägen") är en sekulär buddhistisk riktning grundad av den indiske juristen, politikern och medborgarrättsaktivisten B. R. Ambedkar. Navayana grundades år 1956, när Ambadkar, som då var Indiens justitieminister, lämnade hinduismen och konverterade till buddhismen tillsammans med fler än 200 000 andra daliter ("kastlösa") vid en ceremoni som hölls i Nagpur, Maharashtra. (sv) Navayana (Devanagari: नवयान, IAST: Navayāna) means "new vehicle" and refers to the re-interpretation of Buddhism by Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar; it is also called Neo-Buddhism and Ambedkarite Buddhism. Ambedkar was a polymath, theologian and scholar of Buddhism. He was born in a Dalit (untouchable) family during the colonial era of India, studied abroad, became a Dalit leader, and announced in 1935 his intent to convert from Hinduism to a different religion, and he has studied all the major religions of the world in depth, including Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, and Buddhism, for nearly 21 years. Thereafter Ambedkar studied texts of Buddhism, found several of its core beliefs and doctrines such as Four Noble Truths and "non-self" as flawed and pessimistic, then re-interpreted these in (en) Наваяна (дев. नवयान, IAST: Navayana) — в переводе означает «новая колесница» и относится к переосмыслению буддизма Бхимрао Рамджи Амбедкаром, лидера одноимённого религиозного течения, которое также называется необуддизм и IAST: Bhimayāna (по первому имени Амбедкара, Бхимрао). Амбедкар родился в семье далитов (неприкасаемых) в колониальной Индии, учился за границей, стал лидером движения Махар Далит и объявил в 1935 году о своем намерении перейти из индуизма в буддизм. Изучив буддийские тексты, он счёл некоторые доктрины, например, Четыре благородные истины и «отсутствие Я», ошибочными и пессимистичными и придал им собственное толкование, назвав «новой колесницей» буддизма или «наваяной». 13 октября 1956 года Амбедкар провёл пресс-конференцию, на которой объявил о своём неприятии буддизма т (ru) |
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