Nawaphon (original) (raw)
Nawaphon (Thai ขบวนการนวพล, RTGS: Khabuan Kan Nawaphon, kann sowohl mit „Neue Kraft“ oder „Kraft der Neun“ (Anspielung auf König Rama IX.) übersetzt werden) war eine rechtsextreme patriotisch-buddhistische und antikommunistische Bewegung, die während der Mitte der 1970er-Jahre in Thailand aktiv war. Nawaphon war aktiv gegen die parlamentarische Demokratie gerichtet, die nach dem Volksaufstand 1973 einen Durchbruch erringen konnte.
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| dbo:abstract | Nawaphon (Thai ขบวนการนวพล, RTGS: Khabuan Kan Nawaphon, kann sowohl mit „Neue Kraft“ oder „Kraft der Neun“ (Anspielung auf König Rama IX.) übersetzt werden) war eine rechtsextreme patriotisch-buddhistische und antikommunistische Bewegung, die während der Mitte der 1970er-Jahre in Thailand aktiv war. Nawaphon war aktiv gegen die parlamentarische Demokratie gerichtet, die nach dem Volksaufstand 1973 einen Durchbruch erringen konnte. (de) The Nawaphon organization (Thai: ขบวนการนวพล, alternatively transcribed as Navapol, Nawapol, Nawaphol, translated variously as 'new force', 'ninth force',) or 'nine new forces' was a Thai extreme right-wing, patriotic, Buddhist and anti-communist propaganda organization active during the country's short democratic period in the mid-1970s. Nawaphon has been described as a psychological warfare unit. Its mission: to support the Red Gaurs and propagandize the Thai population. Nawaphon was set up by in 1974. Wattana had been the head of the Thai Students Association in the United States, when he studied at Seton Hall University. Nawaphon was supported by the Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC) of the Thai military and the Ministry of Interior. The group was said to have links to wealthy businessmen, politicians, the National Security Council, and Thai military intelligence. Nawaphon rallied merchants, businessmen, and monks who were opposed to social change and democracy, fearing for their wealth. The organization attracted a number of Buddhist monks, the most prominent being , who infamously said that killing communists was not a sin. The movement was opposed to parliamentary democracy and campaigned for the three principles of nation, religion, monarchy. Nawaphon attracted considerable support due to the common feeling that these national principles were threatened by left-wing forces. In 1976, the group was thought to have 30,000–50,000 members. Nawaphon played a key role in the anti-leftist agitation that led to the Thammasat University massacre on 6 October 1976, in which members of the organization were involved. After the coup re-establishing the military rule following the massacre, Nawaphon's popularity diminished due to suspicions that it had become a means of catering to the ambitions of the military clique. An alternative view on Nawaphon's membership has been given by historian Thongchai Winichakul, who pointed out that unlike the Red Gaurs and the Village Scouts, the other right-wing groups involved in the massacre, information on Nawaphon is scarce and much of it seems to derive from boasts made by Wattana. In addition, photos of large gatherings attributed to the group came from mixed crowds, not allowing different right-wing groups to be distinguished. Thongchai therefore suggested that Nawaphon may have been "a phantom organization intended to inflate the image of the right-wing movement" that had no base of its own but took credit for counterinsurgency operations by the ISOC. (en) Il movimento Nawaphon (in lingua thai: ขบวนการนวพล, trascrizione RTGS: Khabuan Kan Nawaphon, trascritto anche Nawapol; letteralmente 'Forza Nuova' o 'Forza Nove', con riferimento al sovrano Rama IX) era un gruppo di estrema destra di ispirazione nazionalista, buddhista e monarchica attivo negli anni settanta in Thailandia. Fu un'emanazione del Comando Operazioni per la Sicurezza Interna, un'unità antiguerriglia dell'esercito creata per combattere i comunisti. Il compito di Nawaphon era di far aderire al proprio progetto soprattutto la parte più abbiente della popolazione civile, illustrando i pericoli per la società causati dal movimento popolare che aveva posto fine alla dittatura militare con le sollevazioni del 1973 e dai governi civili che si erano insediati dopo tale dittatura. La principale attività fu quella di divulgazione delle idee nazionaliste e monarchiche con dimostrazioni, articoli sui giornali, conferenze ecc., cooperando e dando supporto ai Gaur Rossi, un gruppo paramilitare formatosi nello stesso periodo. (it) «Девятая сила» (тайск. ขบวนการ นว พล, Navapol, Nawapol, Nawaphol), обычно — Nawaphon («Навапон») — таиландская крайне правая монархическая организация, действовавшая в середине 1970-х годов. Отличалась воинствующим антикоммунизмом. Сыграла важную роль в расправе над левыми силами осенью 1976 года. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Nawaphon (Thai ขบวนการนวพล, RTGS: Khabuan Kan Nawaphon, kann sowohl mit „Neue Kraft“ oder „Kraft der Neun“ (Anspielung auf König Rama IX.) übersetzt werden) war eine rechtsextreme patriotisch-buddhistische und antikommunistische Bewegung, die während der Mitte der 1970er-Jahre in Thailand aktiv war. Nawaphon war aktiv gegen die parlamentarische Demokratie gerichtet, die nach dem Volksaufstand 1973 einen Durchbruch erringen konnte. (de) «Девятая сила» (тайск. ขบวนการ นว พล, Navapol, Nawapol, Nawaphol), обычно — Nawaphon («Навапон») — таиландская крайне правая монархическая организация, действовавшая в середине 1970-х годов. Отличалась воинствующим антикоммунизмом. Сыграла важную роль в расправе над левыми силами осенью 1976 года. (ru) The Nawaphon organization (Thai: ขบวนการนวพล, alternatively transcribed as Navapol, Nawapol, Nawaphol, translated variously as 'new force', 'ninth force',) or 'nine new forces' was a Thai extreme right-wing, patriotic, Buddhist and anti-communist propaganda organization active during the country's short democratic period in the mid-1970s. Nawaphon has been described as a psychological warfare unit. Its mission: to support the Red Gaurs and propagandize the Thai population. (en) Il movimento Nawaphon (in lingua thai: ขบวนการนวพล, trascrizione RTGS: Khabuan Kan Nawaphon, trascritto anche Nawapol; letteralmente 'Forza Nuova' o 'Forza Nove', con riferimento al sovrano Rama IX) era un gruppo di estrema destra di ispirazione nazionalista, buddhista e monarchica attivo negli anni settanta in Thailandia. Fu un'emanazione del Comando Operazioni per la Sicurezza Interna, un'unità antiguerriglia dell'esercito creata per combattere i comunisti. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Nawaphon (de) Nawaphon (it) Nawaphon (en) Девятая сила (ru) |
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