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Les Nayanar ou Nayanmar étaient des poètes de l'hindouisme considérés comme des saints. Ils étaient shivaïtes, vivaient dans l'état du Tamil Nadu, en Inde, et, ils furent actifs entre le VIe siècle et le VIIIe siècle.

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dbo:abstract Nayanmar (Tamil நாயன்மார் IAST Nāyaṉmār [ˈnɑːjənmɑːr]) oder Nayanar (Tamil: நாயனார் Nāyaṉār [ˈnɑːjənɑːr], wörtl. „Gebieter“) bezeichnet die dreiundsechzig Heiligen des tamilischen Shivaismus (Shaiva Siddhanta), die der Bhakti-Bewegung angehörten. Ihre Lebenszeit wird auf das 6. bis 11. Jahrhundert datiert. Die Nayanmar erschufen den Tirumurai, 12 Sammlungen oder Bücher von tamilischer, devotionaler Poesie.Das letzte dieser Bücher wurde um 1150 von geschrieben und enthält die Hagiographien der Nayanmar. Dieses Buch wird genannt und der Hauptteil enthält die Hagiographie oder Tirunanasambandars, der die ersten drei Bücher verfasst hat und im 8. Jahrhundert gelebt hat. Der Legende nach wurde Sambandars im Alter von zweieinhalb Jahren im Tempel in Sirkazhi von seinem Vater ausgesetzt. Als er vor Hunger anfing zu weinen, erschien Shivas Gattin Parvati und nährte ihn aus einem goldenen Behältnis mit der Milch ihre Brüste. Daraufhin sang Sambandar vor Freude die ersten Strophen seiner Dichtung. Die ersten sieben Bücher des Tirumurai werden als Tevaram bezeichnet und gelten als die wichtigsten Bücher dieser Sammlung. Sie wurden um das 8. Jahrhundert von drei der Nayanmar verfasst, , und . Diese sieben Bücher enthalten Gedichte, die Shiva in einem bestimmten Tempel preisen, zumeist Tempel in Tamil Nadu, einige Gedichte beziehen sich aber auch auf Tempel auf Sri Lanka. Die Gedichte enthalten eine vielfältige Mythologie Shivas und seiner Tempel, darunter wichtige Pilgerorte wie Madurai und Chidambaram, aber auch weniger bekannte Orte. Das achte Buch enthält das und das , ein beliebtes Gedicht zur Lobpreisung Shivas und mystische Liebesgedichte an Shiva wie er in Chidambaram erscheint. Die übrigen Bücher des Tirumurai enthalten verschiedene Gedichte der shivaitischen Bhakti. Der Tirumurai wird zwar nicht liturgisch verwendet, jedoch singen nicht-brahmanische Priester (Pantaram oder Otuvar) den Tevaram an den jeweiligen im Tevaram beschriebenen Tempeln, um die dortigen Rituale zu ergänzen. Die tamilische Musik des Altertums bildet wahrscheinlich die Melodien dieser Lieder, während die Ragas zeitgenössisch sind. (de) The Nayanars (or Nayanmars; Tamil: நாயன்மார், romanized: Nāyaṉmār, lit. 'hounds of Siva', and later 'teachers of Shiva ) were a group of 63 Tamil Hindu saints living during the 6th to 8th centuries CE who were devoted to the Hindu god Shiva. Along with the Alvars, their contemporaries who were devoted to Vishnu, they influenced the Bhakti movement in early medieval South India. The names of the Nayanars were first compiled by Sundarar. The list was expanded by Nambiyandar Nambi during his compilation of material by the poets for the Tirumurai collection, and would include Sundarar himself and Sundarar's parents. The Nalvar (lit. 'The Four') are the four foremost Nayanars Appar, Sundarar, Sambandar and Manikkavaasagar. (en) Les Nayanar ou Nayanmar étaient des poètes de l'hindouisme considérés comme des saints. Ils étaient shivaïtes, vivaient dans l'état du Tamil Nadu, en Inde, et, ils furent actifs entre le VIe siècle et le VIIIe siècle. (fr) I nāyaṉmār (sing. nāyaṉār; in caratteri tamiḻ: நாயன்மார்கள்) furono poeti e mistici śivaiti di etnia tamiḻ, attivi tra il V e il X secolo d.C. L'agiografia, in lingua tamiḻ, attribuita a Cēkkiḻār , (anche Tiruttoṇṭar purāṇam), composta nel XII secolo d.C., narra la storia di ciascuno dei 63 nāyaṉmār e dei 9 . Nell'opera scritta nell VIII secolo da l'ottavo Thiruthoṇdar thogai, sono elencati 60 santi Shaiva ma nessuna delle leggende è associata ad essi. Nel X secolo d.C. compose il Tirutoṇṭar Antādi una sequenza di versi ad incastro con il titolo Collana di versi sui devoti al Signore. Con quest'opera Nambi si collaga all'opera del Sundarar e dei suoi genitori, creando quello che oggi è la lista canonica dei 63 santi. I diversi Nayana furono re e soldati e persino intoccabili, ma ricevettero diversi insegnamenti. I più importanti sono i gli , i e gli . Insieme con i dodici Vaishnava . I Nayanar a volte sono stati considerati come i 75 Apostoli della Bhakti nell'India del Sud, a seguito della nascita del movimento Hindu della Bhakti. Nei più sacri templi dell'India, come il e il tempio questi santi pregavano ben 275 divinità. (it) Najanmarowie (tamil. நாயன்மார்கள் nāyaṉmarkaḷ) – 63 tamilskich świętych śiwaickich, żyjących w VI-IX wieku, zaliczanych do przedstawicieli ruchu tamilskiego bhakti. Po raz pierwszy wyliczenie najanmarów pojawia się w utworze Arur Tiruttondattohej ((tamil. ஆரூர் திருத்தொண்டத்தொகை Ārūr Tiruttoṇṭattokai, Zbiór świętych niewolników [objawiony/napisany w miejscowości] Arur) autorstwa Sundarara (tamil. சுந்தரர் Cuntarar), tworzącego na przełomie VIII i IX w. Sundarar wylicza 62 najanmarów, późniejsi autorzy uznają go za 63. najanmara. Lista najanmarów zostaje ostatecznie zamknięta na przełomie XI i XII wieku, kiedy ma miejsce redakcja Tirumurej, tamilskiego kanonu śiwaickiego. W odróżnieniu od alwarów, świętych wisznuickich działających w tym samym okresie, nie wszyscy najanmarowie byli poetami. Około 1/3 z nich pozostawiła po sobie spuściznę literacką, która została włączona do Tirumurej. Najanmarowie są w Tamilnadu obiektem kultu i posiadają własną ikonografię. W świątyniach śiwaickich zazwyczaj można zastać wyobrażenia wszystkich 63, często uproszczone, a także osobne kapliczki poświęcone jednemu z najanmarów (zazwyczaj związanemu w sposób szczególny z daną świątynią). (pl) Наяна́ри або Наянма́ри — тамільські шиваїтські святі поети-бгакти, які жили й творили в період від V до X століття у Тамільській державі. Разом налічувалось 63 наянари. (uk) Наянары или Наянмары — тамильские шиваитские святые поэты-бхакты, жившие и творившие в период с V по X век в Тамил-Наду. Всего насчитывалось 63 наянара. Их жизнеописания можно обнаружить в агиографическом произведении XIII века «Перия-пуранам», которое является частью «». Наянары происходили из разных слоёв общества: одни из них были царского происхождения, тогда как другие — солдатами или далитами. Считается, что наиболее выдающимися среди наянаров были , и . Наряду с 12 вайшнавскими святыми альварами, наянаров относят к группе «75 южноиндийских апостолов бхакти», признавая тем самым их вклад в распространение течения бхакти. Наянары странствовали по Южной Индии, воспевая в своих гимнах славу Шивы, которого они рассматривали как друга, родителя или господина. (ru)
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rdfs:comment Les Nayanar ou Nayanmar étaient des poètes de l'hindouisme considérés comme des saints. Ils étaient shivaïtes, vivaient dans l'état du Tamil Nadu, en Inde, et, ils furent actifs entre le VIe siècle et le VIIIe siècle. (fr) Наяна́ри або Наянма́ри — тамільські шиваїтські святі поети-бгакти, які жили й творили в період від V до X століття у Тамільській державі. Разом налічувалось 63 наянари. (uk) Наянары или Наянмары — тамильские шиваитские святые поэты-бхакты, жившие и творившие в период с V по X век в Тамил-Наду. Всего насчитывалось 63 наянара. Их жизнеописания можно обнаружить в агиографическом произведении XIII века «Перия-пуранам», которое является частью «». Наянары происходили из разных слоёв общества: одни из них были царского происхождения, тогда как другие — солдатами или далитами. Считается, что наиболее выдающимися среди наянаров были , и . Наряду с 12 вайшнавскими святыми альварами, наянаров относят к группе «75 южноиндийских апостолов бхакти», признавая тем самым их вклад в распространение течения бхакти. Наянары странствовали по Южной Индии, воспевая в своих гимнах славу Шивы, которого они рассматривали как друга, родителя или господина. (ru) Nayanmar (Tamil நாயன்மார் IAST Nāyaṉmār [ˈnɑːjənmɑːr]) oder Nayanar (Tamil: நாயனார் Nāyaṉār [ˈnɑːjənɑːr], wörtl. „Gebieter“) bezeichnet die dreiundsechzig Heiligen des tamilischen Shivaismus (Shaiva Siddhanta), die der Bhakti-Bewegung angehörten. Ihre Lebenszeit wird auf das 6. bis 11. Jahrhundert datiert. Die Nayanmar erschufen den Tirumurai, 12 Sammlungen oder Bücher von tamilischer, devotionaler Poesie.Das letzte dieser Bücher wurde um 1150 von geschrieben und enthält die Hagiographien der Nayanmar. Dieses Buch wird genannt und der Hauptteil enthält die Hagiographie oder Tirunanasambandars, der die ersten drei Bücher verfasst hat und im 8. Jahrhundert gelebt hat. Der Legende nach wurde Sambandars im Alter von zweieinhalb Jahren im Tempel in Sirkazhi von seinem Vater ausgesetzt. Als e (de) The Nayanars (or Nayanmars; Tamil: நாயன்மார், romanized: Nāyaṉmār, lit. 'hounds of Siva', and later 'teachers of Shiva ) were a group of 63 Tamil Hindu saints living during the 6th to 8th centuries CE who were devoted to the Hindu god Shiva. Along with the Alvars, their contemporaries who were devoted to Vishnu, they influenced the Bhakti movement in early medieval South India. The names of the Nayanars were first compiled by Sundarar. The list was expanded by Nambiyandar Nambi during his compilation of material by the poets for the Tirumurai collection, and would include Sundarar himself and Sundarar's parents. (en) I nāyaṉmār (sing. nāyaṉār; in caratteri tamiḻ: நாயன்மார்கள்) furono poeti e mistici śivaiti di etnia tamiḻ, attivi tra il V e il X secolo d.C. L'agiografia, in lingua tamiḻ, attribuita a Cēkkiḻār , (anche Tiruttoṇṭar purāṇam), composta nel XII secolo d.C., narra la storia di ciascuno dei 63 nāyaṉmār e dei 9 . (it) Najanmarowie (tamil. நாயன்மார்கள் nāyaṉmarkaḷ) – 63 tamilskich świętych śiwaickich, żyjących w VI-IX wieku, zaliczanych do przedstawicieli ruchu tamilskiego bhakti. Po raz pierwszy wyliczenie najanmarów pojawia się w utworze Arur Tiruttondattohej ((tamil. ஆரூர் திருத்தொண்டத்தொகை Ārūr Tiruttoṇṭattokai, Zbiór świętych niewolników [objawiony/napisany w miejscowości] Arur) autorstwa Sundarara (tamil. சுந்தரர் Cuntarar), tworzącego na przełomie VIII i IX w. Sundarar wylicza 62 najanmarów, późniejsi autorzy uznają go za 63. najanmara. Lista najanmarów zostaje ostatecznie zamknięta na przełomie XI i XII wieku, kiedy ma miejsce redakcja Tirumurej, tamilskiego kanonu śiwaickiego. (pl)
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is foaf:primaryTopic of wikipedia-en:Nayanars