Economy of New Zealand (original) (raw)
Ekonomika Nového Zélandu je vysoce rozvinutá ekonomika volného trhu. Jedná se o 51. největší národní ekonomiku na světě, měřeno podle nominálního hrubého domácího produktu (HDP), a 67. největší na světě, měřeno pomocí parity kupní síly (PPP). Nový Zéland má pro svou velikost a počet obyvatel velké HDP. Země má jednu z nejvíce globalizovaných ekonomik a je velmi závislá na mezinárodním obchodu, zejména s Austrálií, Kanadou, Čínou, Evropskou unií, Japonskem, Singapurem, Jižní Koreou a Spojenými státy americkými. Dohoda o užších ekonomických vztazích Nového Zélandu a Austrálie z roku 1983 znamená, že jeho ekonomika je úzce propojena s ekonomikou Austrálie.
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| dbo:abstract | Durant els últims 20 anys el govern ha transformat Nova Zelanda d'una economia agrària i dependent del mercat britànic en una economia de mercat més industrialitzada que pot competir globalment. Aquesta dinàmica de creixement va augmentar les rendes - però de manera desigual -, i va expandir la tecnologia del sector industrial. El PIB per capita va créixer en paritat de poder adquisitiu durant 10 anys consecutius fins al 2007, però va caure el 2008 i 2009. Nova Zelanda s'enquadrada dins dels països desenvolupats, amb un PIB estimat el 2010 en de 119,6 mil milions de dòlars nord-americans. El país compta amb un alt nivell de vida, amb un PIB per capita benvolgut de US$ 30 400 el 2013. També ha estat classificada, en l'any 2006, en el lloc vintè en l'Índex de Desenvolupament Humà que elabora les Organització de les Nacions Unides. El sector terciari és el més ampli de l'economia (71,4% PIB), seguit del secundari (24% PIB) i el primari (4,6% PIB). Nova Zelanda és un país molt dependent del comerç internacional, particularment dels productes agrícoles, les exportacions aconsegueixen gairebé el 28% de les seves vendes. Això fa a Nova Zelanda particularment vulnerable a les oscil·lacions dels preus i l'economia internacional. Els seus principals productes d'exportació provenen de l'agricultura, l'horticultura, la pesca i els boscos. Aquests productes cobreixen la meitat de les exportacions del país. Opera el seu mercat de valors a la Borsa de Nova Zelanda. (ca) Ekonomika Nového Zélandu je vysoce rozvinutá ekonomika volného trhu. Jedná se o 51. největší národní ekonomiku na světě, měřeno podle nominálního hrubého domácího produktu (HDP), a 67. největší na světě, měřeno pomocí parity kupní síly (PPP). Nový Zéland má pro svou velikost a počet obyvatel velké HDP. Země má jednu z nejvíce globalizovaných ekonomik a je velmi závislá na mezinárodním obchodu, zejména s Austrálií, Kanadou, Čínou, Evropskou unií, Japonskem, Singapurem, Jižní Koreou a Spojenými státy americkými. Dohoda o užších ekonomických vztazích Nového Zélandu a Austrálie z roku 1983 znamená, že jeho ekonomika je úzce propojena s ekonomikou Austrálie. (cs) اقتصاد نيوزيلندا هو اقتصاد سوق حر متقدم للغاية. إنّه الاقتصاد الوطني رقم 53 على مستوى العالم عند قياسه باستخدام إجمالي الناتج المحلي (GDP) والرقم 68 على مستوى العالم عند قياسه بتعادل القوة الشرائية (PPP). تتمتع نيوزيلندا بالاقتصاد الأكثر عولمة وتعتمد بشكل كبير على التجارة الدولية (لا سيما مع أستراليا والاتحاد الأوروبي والولايات المتحدة والصين وكوريا الجنوبية واليابان وكندا). تعني اتفاقية نيوزيلندا مع أستراليا -«علاقات اقتصادية أقرب» لعام 1983- أن اقتصادها يتماشى بشكل وثيق مع اقتصاد أستراليا. اقتصادها هو قوة إقليمية ناشئة، إذ تتمتع نيوزيلندا بإجمالي ناتج محلي كبير بالنسبة لحجمها وعدد سكانها. يتمتع الاقتصاد المتنوع لنيوزيلندا بقطاع خدمات ضخم، إذ يمثل 63% من فعالية إجمالي الناتج المحلي اعتباراً من عام 2013. تشمل الصناعات التحويلية الكبيرة إنتاج الألمنيوم وتعليب الأغذية وتصنيع المعادن ومنتجات الخشب والورق. شكّلت خدمات التعدين والتصنيع والكهرباء والغاز والمياه والنفايات 16.5% من إجمالي الناتج المحلي اعتباراً من عام 2013. بقي القطاع الرئيس مهيمنًا على صادرات نيوزيلندا رغم تمثليه 6.5% فقط من إجمالي الناتج المحلي منذ عام 2013. سوق رأس المال الرئيس هو بورصة نيوزيلندا (NZX). اعتباراً من فبراير عام 2014، كان لدى بورصة نيوزيلندا ما مجموعه 258 ورقة مالية مدرجة ورسملة أسواق مشتركة قدرها 94.1 مليار دولار نيوزيلندي. عملة نيوزيلندا هي الدولار النيوزيلندي (المعروف بشكل غير رسمي باسم «الدولار الكيوي»). ينتشر استخدام هذه العملة في النواحي الأربعة لجزر المحيط الهادئ. الدولار النيوزيلندي هو العملة العاشرة الأكثر تداولاً في العالم. (ar) The economy of New Zealand is a highly developed free-market economy. It is the 50th-largest national economy in the world when measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and the 63rd-largest in the world when measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). New Zealand has a large GDP for its population of 5 million, and sources of revenue are spread throughout the large island nation. The country has one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade, mainly with Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and the United States. New Zealand's 1983 Closer Economic Relations agreement with Australia means that the economy aligns closely with that of Australia. New Zealand's diverse economy has a sizable service sector, accounting for 63% of all GDP activity as of 2013. Large-scale manufacturing industries include aluminium production, food processing, metal fabrication, wood and paper products. Mining, manufacturing, electricity, gas, water, and waste services accounted for 16.5% of GDP as of 2013. The primary sector continues to dominate New Zealand's exports, despite accounting for only 6.5% of GDP as of 2013. The information technology sector is growing rapidly. The major capital market is the New Zealand Exchange (NZX). As of February 2014, NZX had a total of 258 listed securities with a combined market capitalisation of NZD 94.1billion.NewZealand′scurrency,theNewZealanddollar(informallyknownasthe"Kiwidollar")alsocirculatesinfourPacificIslandterritories.TheNewZealanddollaristhe10th−mosttradedcurrencyintheworld.(en)Durantelosuˊltimosveintean |
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| dbp:aid | As donor: $99.7 million (en) |
| dbp:balance | +1.6% (en) |
| dbp:caption | Auckland's central business district at night (en) |
| dbp:cianame | new-zealand (en) |
| dbp:country | New Zealand (en) |
| dbp:currency | dbr:New_Zealand_dollar |
| dbp:currentAccount | −$5.471 billion (en) |
| dbp:debt | 31.700000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:edbr | 1 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:expenses | 70970000000 (xsd:decimal) |
| dbp:exportGoods | Dairy products, meat, logs and wood products, fruit, machinery and equipment, wine, fish and seafood (en) |
| dbp:exportPartners | (en) 11.4 (dbd:perCent) 16.4 (dbd:perCent) 23.0 (dbd:perCent) 5.3 (dbd:perCent) 10.6 (dbd:perCent) |
| dbp:exports | 6.24E10 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:fdi | (en) 8.419E10 (dbd:usDollar) Abroad: $16.74 billion (en) |
| dbp:gdp | (en) 2.427E11 (dbd:usDollar) 2.61039E11 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:gdpRank | 51 (xsd:integer) 63 (xsd:integer) (en) |
| dbp:gini | 33.900000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:grossExternalDebt | NZ$156.181 billion NZ$86.342 billion (en) |
| dbp:group | (en) Developed/Advanced (en) High-income economy (en) |
| dbp:growth | 3.200000 (xsd:double) (en) −7.2% 5.9% (en) |
| dbp:hdi | 0.865000 (xsd:double) 0.937000 (xsd:double) (en) |
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| dbp:importGoods | Vehicles and aircraft, machinery and equipment, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics (en) |
| dbp:importPartners | (en) 11.4 (dbd:perCent) 15.6 (dbd:perCent) 17.6 (dbd:perCent) 5.0 (dbd:perCent) 15.8 (dbd:perCent) |
| dbp:imports | 5.96E10 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:industries | dbr:Agriculture_in_New_Zealand dbr:Food_processing dbr:Forestry_in_New_Zealand dbr:Finance dbr:Tourism_in_New_Zealand |
| dbp:inflation | 7.3 (dbd:perCent) |
| dbp:labor | 68.500000 (xsd:double) 70.800000 (xsd:double) 2820000 (xsd:integer) (en) |
| dbp:occupations | (en) Agriculture: 6.6% (en) Industry: 20.7% (en) Services: 72.7% (en) |
| dbp:organs | APEC, CPTPP, WTO and OECD (en) |
| dbp:perCapita | (en) 47278.0 (dbd:usDollar) 50851.0 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:perCapitaRank | 32 (xsd:integer) (en) |
| dbp:population | 5133820 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:poverty | 11.0 (dbd:perCent) |
| dbp:reserves | 2.068E10 (dbd:usDollar) |
| dbp:revenue | 74110000000 (xsd:decimal) |
| dbp:sectors | (en) Manufacturing: 12.2% (en) Primary industries: 7.6% (en) Services: 71% (en) |
| dbp:unemployment | 96000 (xsd:integer) (en) 3.3 (dbd:perCent) |
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| rdfs:comment | Ekonomika Nového Zélandu je vysoce rozvinutá ekonomika volného trhu. Jedná se o 51. největší národní ekonomiku na světě, měřeno podle nominálního hrubého domácího produktu (HDP), a 67. největší na světě, měřeno pomocí parity kupní síly (PPP). Nový Zéland má pro svou velikost a počet obyvatel velké HDP. Země má jednu z nejvíce globalizovaných ekonomik a je velmi závislá na mezinárodním obchodu, zejména s Austrálií, Kanadou, Čínou, Evropskou unií, Japonskem, Singapurem, Jižní Koreou a Spojenými státy americkými. Dohoda o užších ekonomických vztazích Nového Zélandu a Austrálie z roku 1983 znamená, že jeho ekonomika je úzce propojena s ekonomikou Austrálie. (cs) L'economia della Nuova Zelanda è una moderna economia di mercato, orientata allo sviluppo del settore dei servizi. (it) 뉴질랜드의 경제는 선진 자유 시장 경제이다. 명목 GDP 기준으로는 세계에서 51번째로 큰 경제 국가이며 구매력 기준(PPP)으로는 67위로 큰 국가이다. 뉴질랜드는 그 규모와 인구 면에서 GDP 규모가 큰 편이다. 뉴질랜드의 경제는 대부분 농목에 의존하고 있다. 목양(牧羊)은 이 나라 제1의 산업으로서 양은 북도에 60%, 남도에 40%의 비율로 분포한다. 양모의 수출이 큰 비중을 차지하며 농산물을 중심으로 하는 1차산품이 수출의 55%를 차지한다. 그외 육류·유제품(乳製品)은 양모에 버금가는 수출품이다. 낙농지역은 북도에 집중하며, 양모에 비하여 훨씬 집약적으로 경영된다. 남도의 동쪽 및 남쪽 연안에는 혼합농업지역이 발달하여, 목초(牧草) 등과 윤작(輪作)을 하면서 곡류의 생산이 활발하다.농산물을 중심으로 하는 1차산품을 수출하고 석유와 공업제품을 수입하는 무역구조이다. 주요 수출품은 낙농품·육류·양모·목재·과실·약재 등이고, 수입품은 공산품·기계류·자동차·철강·원유·비료·금속제품 등이다. 1970년대 초까지는 영국이 주요 무역 상대국이었으나 최근 미국·일본이 주요국으로 부상하고 있다. (ko) Економіка Нової Зеландії відноситься до розвинених, ринкових економік планети. ВВП 211,6 млрд $ (2013). Річний ВВП на душу населення становить 47 532 .З2007по2013рікВВПкраїнизрісна24,5. З 2007 по 2013 рік ВВП країни зріс на 24,5 %. В 2005 році Світовий Банк визнав Нову Зеландію найсприятливішою країною для ведення бізнесу після Сінгапуру. (uk) Экономика Новой Зеландии — одна из наиболее глобализованных в мире, эта страна тесно связана торговыми отношениями с Австралией, ЕС, США, Китаем, Южной Кореей, Японией и Канадой. Сектор услуг занимает почти 2/3 экономики, крупные статьи производства — изготовление товаров из алюминия и других металлов, обработка продуктов питания, производство продукции из дерева и бумаги. Валюта Новой Зеландии — новозеландский доллар — имеет хождение также и в других странах, в основном тихоокеанских. (ru) 新西蘭經濟屬市場經濟，十分依賴國際貿易，主要貿易夥伴為澳大利亞、歐盟、美國、中國和日本。它的製造業和高技術產業規模不大，主要產業為旅遊業和第一產業（農業等）。過去幾十年的自由市場改革，取消了外商投資的許多障礙。世界銀行在2005年將新西蘭列為世界上最方便營商的國家。 (zh) اقتصاد نيوزيلندا هو اقتصاد سوق حر متقدم للغاية. إنّه الاقتصاد الوطني رقم 53 على مستوى العالم عند قياسه باستخدام إجمالي الناتج المحلي (GDP) والرقم 68 على مستوى العالم عند قياسه بتعادل القوة الشرائية (PPP). تتمتع نيوزيلندا بالاقتصاد الأكثر عولمة وتعتمد بشكل كبير على التجارة الدولية (لا سيما مع أستراليا والاتحاد الأوروبي والولايات المتحدة والصين وكوريا الجنوبية واليابان وكندا). تعني اتفاقية نيوزيلندا مع أستراليا -«علاقات اقتصادية أقرب» لعام 1983- أن اقتصادها يتماشى بشكل وثيق مع اقتصاد أستراليا. اقتصادها هو قوة إقليمية ناشئة، إذ تتمتع نيوزيلندا بإجمالي ناتج محلي كبير بالنسبة لحجمها وعدد سكانها. (ar) Durant els últims 20 anys el govern ha transformat Nova Zelanda d'una economia agrària i dependent del mercat britànic en una economia de mercat més industrialitzada que pot competir globalment. Aquesta dinàmica de creixement va augmentar les rendes - però de manera desigual -, i va expandir la tecnologia del sector industrial. El PIB per capita va créixer en paritat de poder adquisitiu durant 10 anys consecutius fins al 2007, però va caure el 2008 i 2009. El sector terciari és el més ampli de l'economia (71,4% PIB), seguit del secundari (24% PIB) i el primari (4,6% PIB). (ca) The economy of New Zealand is a highly developed free-market economy. It is the 50th-largest national economy in the world when measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and the 63rd-largest in the world when measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). New Zealand has a large GDP for its population of 5 million, and sources of revenue are spread throughout the large island nation. The country has one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade, mainly with Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and the United States. New Zealand's 1983 Closer Economic Relations agreement with Australia means that the economy aligns closely with that of Australia. (en) Durante los últimos veinte años, el gobierno ha transformado Nueva Zelanda de una economía agraria y dependiente del mercado británico en una economía de mercado más industrializada, que puede competir globalmente. Nueva Zelanda se encuadra dentro de los países desarrollados, con un PIB estimado en el 2018 de 204,9 mil millones de dólares estadounidenses. El país cuenta con un alto nivel de vida, con un PIB per cápita estimado de 41 000 USD. También ha sido clasificada, en el año 2019, en el decimocuarto puesto en el Índice de Desarrollo Humano que elabora las Organización de las Naciones Unidas. (es) L’économie de la Nouvelle-Zélande, pays développé prospère, repose essentiellement sur le secteur tertiaire notamment le tourisme (on a recensé plus de 2 millions de touristes en 2012) même si le secteur primaire, via l'agriculture et le secteur minier, y joue un rôle plus important que dans les autres pays développés. Le pays est fortement dépendant du commerce international, notamment avec l'Australie, l'Union européenne, les États-Unis, la Chine, la Corée du Sud et le Japon. Les réformes de libéralisation des dernières décennies ont supprimé les barrières empêchant l'investissement étranger. En 2005, la Banque mondiale déclare que la Nouvelle-Zélande est le pays le plus accueillant pour faire des affaires, avant Singapour.Le pays est la 64e puissance économique mondiale selon la Central (fr) Voor de economie van Nieuw-Zeeland is de belangrijkste bron van de inkomsten de export van landbouwproducten, voornamelijk vlees, zuivel en wol. Het land telt ongeveer 31 miljoen schapen en is het derde wolproducerende en tweede wolexporterende land in de wereld. Kiwi's, passievruchten, appels en peren zijn wereldwijd populaire exportproducten. Naast de landbouw is bosbouw de tweede belangrijkste industrie. De Nieuw-Zeelandse overheid probeert uitbreiding en ontwikkeling van industrie te bewerkstelligen om de economie stabieler te maken. Het ontbreekt Nieuw-Zeeland echter aan een afzetgebied. (nl) A Nova Zelândia evoluiu nos últimos anos de uma economia agrária dependente principalmente do mercado britânico para uma economia de mercado moderna, com importante componente industrial e capaz de competir globalmente. Sua dinâmica economia resulta num expressivo Produto Interno Bruto e principalmente num elevado PIB per capita (US.З2007по2013рікВВПкраїнизрісна24,5 28.000 dólares americanos em 2010). Suas principais atividades econômicas são a agricultura, a horticultura, a pesca e a silvicultura. Este país possui ainda substanciais indústrias transformadoras, turismo e serviços. É importante destacar as indústrias pesadas, de alumínio e siderurgia concentradas respetivamente nas regiões sul e norte. A moeda oficial do país é o dólar neozelandês. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Economy of New Zealand (en) اقتصاد نيوزيلندا (ar) Economia de Nova Zelanda (ca) Ekonomika Nového Zélandu (cs) Economía de Nueva Zelanda (es) Économie de la Nouvelle-Zélande (fr) Economia della Nuova Zelanda (it) 뉴질랜드의 경제 (ko) Economie van Nieuw-Zeeland (nl) Economia da Nova Zelândia (pt) Экономика Новой Зеландии (ru) Економіка Нової Зеландії (uk) 新西蘭經濟 (zh) |
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