Nicholas U. Mayall (original) (raw)
Николас Ульрих Мейол (англ. Nicholas Ulrich Mayall; 9 мая 1906, Молин, Иллинойс — 5 января 1993, Тусон, Аризона) — американский астроном.
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| dbo:abstract | Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (* 9. Mai 1906 in Moline, Illinois; † 5. Januar 1993 in Tucson) war ein US-amerikanischer Astronom. Nach seiner Promotion an der University of California, Berkeley, verbrachte er sein Forscherleben von 1934 bis 1960 am Lick Observatory, mit einer kurzen Unterbrechung von 1942 bis 1945 während des Zweiten Weltkriegs, wo er am Radiation Laboratory des MIT für die Entwicklung von Radarsystemen tätig war. In seiner Zeit am Lick Observatory arbeitete und forschte er zu Nebeln, Supernovae, den Bewegungsmustern in Spiralgalaxien, zur Rotverschiebung und zum Alter, der Entstehung und Herkunft sowie der Größe des Universums. Hier publizierte er unter anderem gemeinsam mit Edwin Hubble. Eine Sternenstruktur des Andromedanebels trägt seinen Namen (Mayall II). Er zeichnete maßgeblich für die Planung und die Konstruktion des 3-m-Spiegelteleskops des Lick Observatory verantwortlich. Von 1960 bis zu seiner Pensionierung 1971 war Mayall Direktor des Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO). Unter seiner Leitung erlangten das KPNO und das Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory eine Spitzenstellung unter den astronomischen Forschungseinrichtungen. Mayall verantwortete in dieser Zeit die Konstruktion des 4-m-Kitt-Peak-Spiegelteleskops, das seinen Namen trägt. 1949 wurde Mayall in die National Academy of Sciences, 1961 in die American Academy of Arts and Sciences und 1962 in die American Philosophical Society gewählt. Seit 1974 war er korrespondierendes Mitglied der Académie des sciences. 1981 wurde der Asteroid (2131) Mayall nach ihm benannt. Nachdem Mayall 1993 starb, wurde seine Asche auf einem einsamen Grat des Kitt Peak verstreut. (de) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (9 de mayo de 1906 - 5 de enero de 1993) fue un astrónomo observacional estadounidense. Después de obtener su doctorado en la Universidad de California, Berkeley, trabajó en el Observatorio Lick, donde permaneció desde 1934 hasta 1960, excepto por un breve período de estancia en el Laboratorio de Radiación del MIT durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Durante su época en el Observatorio Lick, contribuyó al conocimiento astronómico de las nebulosas, las supernovas, los movimientos internos de galaxias espirales, los desplazamientos al rojo de las galaxias y el origen, edad y tamaño del Universo. Jugó un papel importante en la planificación y construcción del telescopio reflector de 120 pulgadas (3,05 m) del Observatorio Lick, lo que representó una mejora importante respecto al anterior instrumento de 36 pulgadas (0,91 m). Desde 1960, pasó 11 años como director del Observatorio Nacional Kitt Peak, hasta su jubilación en 1971. Bajo su liderazgo, este último observatorio y el Observatorio Interamericano del Cerro Tololo, se convirtieron en dos de los principales observatorios de investigación del mundo, equipados con telescopios de primer nivel. Mayall fue responsable de la construcción del telescopio reflector de Kitt Peak de 4 metros (157,5 plg) de apertura, que lleva su nombre. Cuando Mayall murió en 1993, sus cenizas se extendieron en lo alto de una cresta de Kitt Peak. (es) Nicholas U. Mayall, né le 9 mai 1906 à Moline, dans l'Illinois (États-Unis), et mort le 5 janvier 1993, est un astronome américain. Spécialisé en astrophysique extragalactique, Nicholas Mayall a amplement participé à l'élaboration de catalogues de décalage vers le rouge de nombreuses galaxies. Son travail le plus connu sur le sujet a été publié en 1956 en collaboration avec Milton Humason et Allan Sandage. Il contient le décalage vers le rouge de plus d'un millier de galaxies, nombre remarquable pour l'époque où en l'absence de matrices CCD, les temps de pose pour établir les décalages vers le rouge se comptaient en heures d'observation par objet. Il fut de ce fait un des premiers à promouvoir l'utilisation de ce qui allait devenir les matrices CCD pour l'astronomie, notamment la spectroscopie, afin de diminuer drastiquement les temps de pose nécessaires pour obtenir des spectres. On lui doit également la découverte d'une galaxie du Groupe local, IC 10 (ou plus précisément de sa nature extragalactique, IC 10 étant connue depuis 1915 et plus tard établie comme étant membre du Groupe local, voir) et celle de cinq amas globulaires liés à la galaxie d'Andromède M31, tous nommés en son nom (Mayall II, , , , ). Dans le domaine de l'astrophysique galactique, il fut le premier à établir la probable nature de supernova de l'« étoile invitée » observée en 1054 par les astronomes du monde chinois, dont l'explosion avait donné naissance à la nébuleuse du Crabe M1 (voir SN 1054). Le télescope Mayall, d'un diamètre de 4 mètres, situé à l'observatoire de Kitt Peak (Arizona), mis en service en 1970 est nommé en son nom. (fr) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (May 9, 1906 – January 5, 1993) was an American observational astronomer. After obtaining his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley, Mayall worked at the Lick Observatory, where he remained from 1934 to 1960, except for a brief period at MIT's Radiation Laboratory during World War II. During his time at Lick, Mayall contributed to astronomical knowledge of nebulae, supernovae, spiral galaxy internal motions, the redshifts of galaxies, and the origin, age, and size of the Universe. He played a significant role in the planning and construction of Lick's 120-inch (3.0 m) reflector, which represented a major improvement over its earlier 36-inch (0.91 m) telescope. From 1960, Mayall spent 11 years as director of the Kitt Peak National Observatory until his retirement in 1971. Under his leadership KPNO, and the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, developed into two of the world's top research observatories, equipped with premier telescopes. Mayall was responsible for the construction of the 4-meter (160 in) Kitt Peak reflector, which was named after him. When Mayall died in 1993, his ashes were spread high on an empty ridge of Kitt Peak. (en) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (Moline, 9 maggio 1906 – Tucson, 5 gennaio 1993) è stato un astronomo statunitense. Dopo aver ottenuto il suo dottorato nel 1928 presso l'Università della California a Berkeley, iniziò a lavorare come calcolatore presso l'osservatorio di Monte Wilson dal 1929 al 1931, dove divenne assistente di Edwin Hubble, Paul Willard Merrill, e Milton Lasell Humason. Quest'attività l'ha portato a scrivere diversi articoli relativi alla massa e all'orbita di Plutone insieme a Seth Barnes Nicholson e altri, poco dopo la scoperta del pianeta nano. Lavorò all'osservatorio Lick dal 1934 al 1960, eccetto per un breve periodo passato al Radiation Laboratory del MIT negli anni della seconda guerra mondiale. Durante la sua carriera all'osservatorio, Mayall contribuì enormemente all'arricchimento della conoscenza astronomica in fatto di nebulose, supernovae, origine, età e dimensioni dell'universo, movimenti interni delle galassie a spirale e redshift delle stesse. Giocò inoltre un ruolo significativo nella pianificazione e nella costruzione del riflettore da 120 pollici (3 metri) dell'osservatorio, rappresentava un importante passo in avanti rispetto al precedente strumento da 36 pollici (0,91 metri). A partire dal 1960 fu direttore dell'Osservatorio di Kitt Peak fino al 1971, anno del suo ritiro. Durante questi 11 anni, il Kitt Peak si affermò come uno dei più importanti osservatori del mondo assieme a quello di Cerro Tololo. Sotto la direzione di Mayall fu costruito il riflettore da 4 m, successivamente denominato in suo onore. Quando morì, nel 1993, le sue ceneri vennero disperse su una cresta rocciosa nei pressi dell'osservatorio di Kitt Peak. (it) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (9 de maio de 1906 - 5 de janeiro de 1993) foi um astrônomo observacional estadunidense. Depois de ter concluído o Doutoramento através da Universidade da Califórnia, Berekley, trabalhou no Lick Observatory, onde permaneceu entre 1934 e 1960, exceto por um breve período, quando esteve no MIT's Radiation Laboratory durante a II Guerra Mundial. Durante o período que permaneceu no Lick Observatory, Mayall contribuiu para a investigação da nebulosa, supernova e galáxia espiral, a origem, a idade e a dimensão universal, entre outros temas de extrema importância para a astronomia. (pt) Николас Ульрих Мейол (англ. Nicholas Ulrich Mayall; 9 мая 1906, Молин, Иллинойс — 5 января 1993, Тусон, Аризона) — американский астроном. (ru) Ніколас Ульріх Мейолл (англ. Nicholas Ulrich Mayall; 9 травня 1906 — 5 січня 1993) — американський астроном, член Національної АН США (1949). (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | Николас Ульрих Мейол (англ. Nicholas Ulrich Mayall; 9 мая 1906, Молин, Иллинойс — 5 января 1993, Тусон, Аризона) — американский астроном. (ru) Ніколас Ульріх Мейолл (англ. Nicholas Ulrich Mayall; 9 травня 1906 — 5 січня 1993) — американський астроном, член Національної АН США (1949). (uk) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (* 9. Mai 1906 in Moline, Illinois; † 5. Januar 1993 in Tucson) war ein US-amerikanischer Astronom. Nach seiner Promotion an der University of California, Berkeley, verbrachte er sein Forscherleben von 1934 bis 1960 am Lick Observatory, mit einer kurzen Unterbrechung von 1942 bis 1945 während des Zweiten Weltkriegs, wo er am Radiation Laboratory des MIT für die Entwicklung von Radarsystemen tätig war. Nachdem Mayall 1993 starb, wurde seine Asche auf einem einsamen Grat des Kitt Peak verstreut. (de) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (9 de mayo de 1906 - 5 de enero de 1993) fue un astrónomo observacional estadounidense. Después de obtener su doctorado en la Universidad de California, Berkeley, trabajó en el Observatorio Lick, donde permaneció desde 1934 hasta 1960, excepto por un breve período de estancia en el Laboratorio de Radiación del MIT durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. (es) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (May 9, 1906 – January 5, 1993) was an American observational astronomer. After obtaining his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley, Mayall worked at the Lick Observatory, where he remained from 1934 to 1960, except for a brief period at MIT's Radiation Laboratory during World War II. (en) Nicholas U. Mayall, né le 9 mai 1906 à Moline, dans l'Illinois (États-Unis), et mort le 5 janvier 1993, est un astronome américain. Spécialisé en astrophysique extragalactique, Nicholas Mayall a amplement participé à l'élaboration de catalogues de décalage vers le rouge de nombreuses galaxies. Son travail le plus connu sur le sujet a été publié en 1956 en collaboration avec Milton Humason et Allan Sandage. Il contient le décalage vers le rouge de plus d'un millier de galaxies, nombre remarquable pour l'époque où en l'absence de matrices CCD, les temps de pose pour établir les décalages vers le rouge se comptaient en heures d'observation par objet. (fr) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (Moline, 9 maggio 1906 – Tucson, 5 gennaio 1993) è stato un astronomo statunitense. Dopo aver ottenuto il suo dottorato nel 1928 presso l'Università della California a Berkeley, iniziò a lavorare come calcolatore presso l'osservatorio di Monte Wilson dal 1929 al 1931, dove divenne assistente di Edwin Hubble, Paul Willard Merrill, e Milton Lasell Humason. Quest'attività l'ha portato a scrivere diversi articoli relativi alla massa e all'orbita di Plutone insieme a Seth Barnes Nicholson e altri, poco dopo la scoperta del pianeta nano. (it) Nicholas Ulrich Mayall (9 de maio de 1906 - 5 de janeiro de 1993) foi um astrônomo observacional estadunidense. Depois de ter concluído o Doutoramento através da Universidade da Califórnia, Berekley, trabalhou no Lick Observatory, onde permaneceu entre 1934 e 1960, exceto por um breve período, quando esteve no MIT's Radiation Laboratory durante a II Guerra Mundial. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Nicholas Mayall (de) Nicholas Mayall (es) Nicholas Mayall (fr) Nicholas Mayall (it) Nicholas U. Mayall (en) Nicholas U. Mayall (pt) Мейол, Николас Ульрих (ru) Ніколас Мейолл (uk) |
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