Nonlinear filter (original) (raw)
Нелинейный фильтр — устройство для обработки сигналов, выход которого не является линейным оператором от входного сигнала. Нелинейные фильтры широко используются в технике, электронике, теории управления и обработке сигналов. Особенно часто нелинейные фильтры используются в цифровой обработке изображений.
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| dbo:abstract | In signal processing, a nonlinear (or non-linear) filter is a filter whose output is not a linear function of its input. That is, if the filter outputs signals R and S for two input signals r and s separately, but does not always output αR + βS when the input is a linear combination αr + βs. Both continuous-domain and discrete-domain filters may be nonlinear. A simple example of the former would be an electrical device whose output voltage R(t) at any moment is the square of the input voltage r(t); or which is the input clipped to a fixed range [a,b], namely R(t) = max(a, min(b, r(t))). An important example of the latter is the running-median filter, such that every output sample Ri is the median of the last three input samples ri, ri−1, ri−2. Like linear filters, nonlinear filters may be shift invariant or not. Non-linear filters have many applications, especially in the removal of certain types of noise that are not additive. For example, the median filter is widely used to remove — that affects only a small percentage of the samples, possibly by very large amounts. Indeed, all radio receivers use non-linear filters to convert kilo- to gigahertz signals to the audio frequency range; and all digital signal processing depends on non-linear filters (analog-to-digital converters) to transform analog signals to binary numbers. However, nonlinear filters are considerably harder to use and design than linear ones, because the most powerful mathematical tools of signal analysis (such as the impulse response and the frequency response) cannot be used on them. Thus, for example, linear filters are often used to remove noise and distortion that was created by nonlinear processes, simply because the proper non-linear filter would be too hard to design and construct. From the foregoing, we can know that the nonlinear filters have quite different behavior compared to linear filters. The most important characteristic is that, for nonlinear filters, the filter output or response of the filter does not obey the principles outlined earlier, particularly scaling and shift invariance. Furthermore, a nonlinear filter can produce results that vary in a non-intuitive manner. (en) Filtros não lineares apresentam grandes vantagens em relação aos filtros lineares como remoção de ruído e suavização mais seletiva em relação aos pixels, bordas, linhas e pequenas estruturas nas imagens. O que difere dos filtros lineares é que os valores dos pixels utilizados nesses filtros são combinados com alguma função não linear. Existem diferentes filtros não lineares incluindo filtros morfológicos em escala de cinza e imagens binárias incluindo detecção de quinas. São os mais utilizados para detecção de bordas, realce e suavização na imagem. Os filtros mais comuns da categoria são o mínimo e máximo para eliminar ruídos como sal e pimenta, mediana, moda, mediana ponderada e variância. São filtros mais custosos computacionalmente do que os filtros lineares não significando que são melhores, depende de cada cenário para a aplicação dos filtros. (pt) Нелинейный фильтр — устройство для обработки сигналов, выход которого не является линейным оператором от входного сигнала. Нелинейные фильтры широко используются в технике, электронике, теории управления и обработке сигналов. Особенно часто нелинейные фильтры используются в цифровой обработке изображений. (ru) Нелінійний фільтр — пристрій для обробки сигналів, вихід якого не є лінійним оператором від вхідного сигналу. Нелінійні фільтри широко використовуються в техніці, електроніці, теорії управління і обробці сигналів. Особливо часто нелінійні фільтри використовуються в цифровій обробці зображень. (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | Нелинейный фильтр — устройство для обработки сигналов, выход которого не является линейным оператором от входного сигнала. Нелинейные фильтры широко используются в технике, электронике, теории управления и обработке сигналов. Особенно часто нелинейные фильтры используются в цифровой обработке изображений. (ru) Нелінійний фільтр — пристрій для обробки сигналів, вихід якого не є лінійним оператором від вхідного сигналу. Нелінійні фільтри широко використовуються в техніці, електроніці, теорії управління і обробці сигналів. Особливо часто нелінійні фільтри використовуються в цифровій обробці зображень. (uk) In signal processing, a nonlinear (or non-linear) filter is a filter whose output is not a linear function of its input. That is, if the filter outputs signals R and S for two input signals r and s separately, but does not always output αR + βS when the input is a linear combination αr + βs. (en) Filtros não lineares apresentam grandes vantagens em relação aos filtros lineares como remoção de ruído e suavização mais seletiva em relação aos pixels, bordas, linhas e pequenas estruturas nas imagens. O que difere dos filtros lineares é que os valores dos pixels utilizados nesses filtros são combinados com alguma função não linear. Existem diferentes filtros não lineares incluindo filtros morfológicos em escala de cinza e imagens binárias incluindo detecção de quinas. São os mais utilizados para detecção de bordas, realce e suavização na imagem. Os filtros mais comuns da categoria são o mínimo e máximo para eliminar ruídos como sal e pimenta, mediana, moda, mediana ponderada e variância. São filtros mais custosos computacionalmente do que os filtros lineares não significando que são mel (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Nonlinear filter (en) Filtro não linear (pt) Нелинейный фильтр (ru) Нелінійний фільтр (uk) |
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