Oliver Otis Howard (original) (raw)

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أوليفر هوارد (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Otis Howard)‏ (و. 1830 – 1909 م) هو ضابط، ومؤرخ، وكاتب سير، من الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، ولد في مين، كان عضوًا في الحزب الجمهوري، ويحمل رتبة عسكرية major general، توفي في بورلينغتون، عن عمر يناهز 79 عاماً.

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dbo:abstract أوليفر هوارد (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Otis Howard)‏ (و. 1830 – 1909 م) هو ضابط، ومؤرخ، وكاتب سير، من الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، ولد في مين، كان عضوًا في الحزب الجمهوري، ويحمل رتبة عسكرية major general، توفي في بورلينغتون، عن عمر يناهز 79 عاماً. (ar) Oliver Otis Howard (8 de novembre de 1830 - 26 d'octubre de 1909) va ser un militar de l'Exèrcit dels Estats Units d'Amèrica, durant la Guerra Civil dels Estats Units. Oliver Howard va ser el comandant d'un batalló que va patir moltes baixes a les batalles de Chancellorsville i a Gettysburg. Després de la guerra civil, va marxar amb les seves tropes cap a l'oest del país, on va conduir una campanya famosa contra la tribu dels Nez Percé. Va ser instrumental en la fundació de la Universitat de Howard a Washington DC. (ca) Oliver Otis Howard (* 8. November 1830 in Leeds, Maine; † 26. Oktober 1909 in Burlington, Vermont) war ein General des US-Heeres. (de) Oliver Otis Howard (8 de noviembre de 1830 - 26 de octubre de 1909) fue un general de la unión del ejército estadounidense, durante la Guerra de Secesión. Tuvo la mala fama de ser comandante de un batallón que sufrió dos derrotas humillantes en Chancellorsville y Gettysburg. Sin embargo, recuperó su reputación durante su liderazgo de tropas en el frente occidental de la guerra, donde sirvió como comandante del ejército. Después de la guerra, estuvo a cargo de tropas en el oeste del país, donde condujo una campaña famosa contra la tribu de Nez Perce. Fue instrumental en la fundación de la Universidad Howard en Washington D. C. (es) Oliver Otis Howard (8 novembre 1830 – 26 octobre 1909) fut un officier de carrière dans l'United States Army, général de l'Armée de l'Union durant la guerre de Sécession et dirigea le Bureau des réfugiés durant la période dite de la reconstruction. L'Université Howard porte son nom en hommage de sa contribution à l'émancipation des Afro-Américains. (fr) Oliver Otis Howard (November 8, 1830 – October 26, 1909) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the Civil War. As a brigade commander in the Army of the Potomac, Howard lost his right arm while leading his men against Confederate forces at the Battle of Fair Oaks/Seven Pines in June 1862, an action which later earned him the Medal of Honor. As a corps commander, he suffered two major defeats at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg in May and July 1863, but recovered from the setbacks as a successful corps and later army commander in the Western Theater. Known as the "Christian general" because he tried to base his policy decisions on his deep, evangelical piety, he was given charge of the Freedmen's Bureau in mid-1865, with the mission of integrating the former slaves into Southern society and politics during the second phase of the Reconstruction Era. Howard took charge of labor policy, setting up a system that required freed people to work on former plantation land under pay scales fixed by the Bureau, on terms negotiated by the Bureau with white land owners. Howard's Bureau was primarily responsible for the legal affairs of the freedmen. He attempted to protect freed blacks from hostile conditions, but lacked adequate power, and was repeatedly frustrated by President Andrew Johnson. Howard's allies, the Radical Republicans, won control of Congress in the 1866 elections and imposed Radical Reconstruction, with the result that freedmen were given the vote. With the help and advice of the Bureau, freedmen joined Republican coalitions and won at the ballot boxes of most of the southern states. Howard was also a leader in promoting higher education for freedmen, most notably in founding Howard University in Washington and serving as its president 1867–73; and aided in the charter of Howard University and Atlanta University, now Clark Atlanta University, in 1867. After 1874, Howard commanded troops in the West, conducting a famous campaign against the Nez Perce tribe. Utley (1987) concludes that his leadership against the Apaches in 1872, against the Nez Perce in 1877, the Bannocks and Paiutes in 1878, and against the Sheepeaters in 1879 all add up to a lengthy record, although he did not fight as much as George Custer or Nelson Miles. (en) Oliver Otis Howard (8 November 1830 – 26 Oktober 1909) adalah seorang perwira Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat dan jenderal Union dalam Perang Saudara Amerika. Sebagai komandan brigade dalam Tentara Potomac, Howard kehilangan lengan kanannya saat memimpin pasukannya melawan pasukan Konfederasi dalam pada Juni 1862, sebuah pengabdian yang membuatnya meraih Medal of Honor. (in) オリバー・オーティス・ハワード（英: Oliver Otis Howard、1830年11月8日-1909年10月26日）は、アメリカ陸軍の職業軍人であり、南北戦争では北軍の将軍だった。軍団指揮官として望んだチャンセラーズヴィルの戦いとゲティスバーグの戦いでは屈辱的な敗北を喫したが、西部戦線に配属されてからはこの挫折から立ち直り、軍団指揮官および一軍指揮官として功績を残した。戦後、西部で部隊指揮を執り、ネズ・パース族に対する有名な作戦を遂行した。ハワード大学設立の推進者である。 (ja) Oliver Otis Howard (Leeds, 8 novembre 1830 – Burlington, 26 ottobre 1909) è stato un generale statunitense, fu un militare di carriera dell'esercito degli Stati Uniti e un generale dell'Unione nella guerra di secessione americana.Assegnato al comando dell'XI corpo dell'Armata del Potomac sul fronte virginiano, il generale Howard venne criticato a causa della dura sconfitta subita dalle sue truppe, sorprese dalla manovra aggirante del II corpo confederato del generale Thomas Jonathan Jackson, nella fase iniziale della battaglia di Chancellorsville. Anche nel primo giorno della battaglia di Gettysburg il generale Howard si trovò in difficoltà. Impegnato in inferiorità numerica, dovette combattere una disperata battaglia difensiva cercando di guadagnare tempo e di mantenere le posizioni tatticamente più importanti: a costo di gravi perdite l'XI corpo riuscì ad evitare un crollo definitivo fino all'arrivo dei rinforzi. Il generale Howard, tuttavia, recuperò parte della sua reputazione quando venne trasferito nel teatro di guerra occidentale, dove si distinse con successo sia come comandante di Corpo d'armata sia al comando di un'armata stessa. Dopo la guerra, comandò l'esercito nell'Ovest, conducendo una famosa campagna contro la tribù di Nez Percé. Partecipò alla fondazione della Howard University a Washington. (it) Oliver Otis Howard ( (Maine), 8 november 1830 - Burlington (Vermont), 26 oktober 1909) was een Amerikaans generaal die diende in de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog en de Amerikaans-indiaanse oorlogen. Tevens is hij de stichter van de Howard-universiteit waar hij enige jaren rector van was. Hij stond bekend als een zorgzaam, humaan en diepgelovig mens. (nl) Oliver Otis Howard (ur. 8 listopada 1830 zm. 26 października 1909) – zawodowy oficer Armii Stanów Zjednoczonych, walczył w wojnie secesyjnej w stopniu generała majora po stronie wojsk Unii. Odznaczony Medalem Honoru, uczestniczył w bitwach pod Chancellorsville i Gettysburgiem. Po wojnie został w wojsku i walczył m.in. z Indianami z plemienia Nez Percé, zajmował też różne posady w administracji i szkolnictwie wyższym. Zmarł w Burlington w stanie Vermont, gdzie zostały złożone jego prochy. (pl) Oliver Otis Howard (Leeds, Maine, 8 de novembro de 1830 — Burlington, Vermont, 26 de outubro de 1909) foi um oficial de carreira do Exército dos Estados Unidos e um general da União na Guerra de Secessão. Foi comandante do corpo de exército conhecido por sofrer duas derrotas humilhantes, em Chancellorsville e em Gettysburg, mas se recuperou dos contratempos, quando atuou no Teatro Ocidental, e serviu lá com sucesso, como comandante de corpo e do exército. Conhecido como o "General cristão", porque tentou basear suas decisões políticas em sua profunda piedade religiosa, foi encarregado do em meados de 1865, com a missão de integrar os negros libertos na sociedade e na política sulista durante a segunda fase da Era da Reconstrução. Howard assumiu a política do trabalho, criando um sistema que exigia que os escravos libertos trabalhassem nas antigas plantações em escalas de pagamento fixadas pelo Bureau, em termos negociados pelo Bureau com os brancos proprietários de terras. O Bureau de Howard foi o principal responsável pelos assuntos jurídicos dos "homens libertos". Ele tentou proteger os negros das condições hostis, mas não tinha força suficiente, e suas iniciativas eram repetidamente frustradas pelo presidente Andrew Johnson. Os aliados de Howard, os republicanos radicais, ganharam o controle do Congresso nas eleições de 1866 e impuseram a Reconstrução Radical, com os libertos tendo direito ao voto. Com a ajuda e os conselhos do Bureau, eles criaram coligações republicanas juntamente com os e os para assumirem o controle político da maioria dos estados do sul. Howard também foi um líder na promoção da educação superior para os negros libertos, mais notavelmente na fundação da Universidade Howard, em Washington e servindo como seu presidente de 1867 a 1873. Depois de 1874, Howard comandou as tropas no Teatro Ocidental, participando de uma campanha famosa contra a tribo Nez Perce. O historiador (1987) afirma que sua liderança contra os apaches em 1872, contra os nez perce em 1877, os e os paiutes em 1878, e contra os shoshones em 1879, se somam a um impressionante recorde, embora ele tenha sido ofuscado por George Armstrong Custer e Nelson A. Miles. (pt) Oliver Otis Howard, född 8 november 1830 i Leeds,Maine, död 26 oktober 1909 i Burlington Chittenden County, Vermont, var en amerikansk militär och general i nordstatsarmén under amerikanska inbördeskriget. Howard examinerades från militärakademin i West Point år 1854. Därefter fortsatte han som biträdande lektor i matematik. Vid första slaget vid Bull Run drevs hans regementen bort från slagfältet, men han befordrades trots detta till brigadgeneral. I slaget vid Seven Pines den 31 maj – 1 juni 1862 förlorade han sin högra arm. Han förde befäl över nordstatsarméns eftertrupper i andra slaget vid Bull Run i augusti 1862 och i slaget vid Antietam i september samma år övertog han befälet sedan John Sedgwick sårats. I slaget vid Chancellorsville misslyckades han med att skydda sin och hela Potomacarméns flank och trupperna drevs på flykten. Han förde för en kort tid befälet i slaget vid Gettysburg i juni 1863 och valde då Cemetery Hill som försvarsposition, vilket bidrog till nordstatsarméns framgång. Howard utnämndes efter kriget till chef för den federala byrån Freedman's Bureau, som ansvarade för krigsflyktingar och frigivna slavar. Han kom senare att delta i indiankrigen och utnämndes till rektor för militärakademin i West Point. För sina insatser i slaget vid Seven Pines fick han år 1893 den främsta amerikanska tapperhetsmedaljen Medal of Honor. (sv) Оливер Отис Ховард (англ. Oliver Otis Howard; 8 ноября 1830 — 26 октября 1909) — кадровый офицер армии США и генерал федеральной армии во время американской гражданской войны. Как командир корпуса он известен двумя крупными поражениями — при Чанселорсвилле и Геттисберге, однако на Западном театре военных действий действовал удачнее, будучи командиром корпуса и командиром армии. После войны служил на Западе, принимал участие в войнах с индейцами. Также известен участием в основании Университета Ховарда. (ru)
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dbp:battles *Civil War **First Battle of Bull Run **Battle of Seven Pines **Battle of Antietam **Battle of Chancellorsville **Battle of Gettysburg **Battles for Chattanooga **Atlanta Campaign **Sherman's March to the Sea **Carolinas Campaign *Indian Wars (en)
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dbp:laterwork President, Howard University Managing Director, Lincoln Memorial University (en)
dbp:name Oliver Otis Howard (en)
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dbp:title dbr:Superintendents_of_the_United_States_Military_Academy Commander of the XI Corps (en) Commander of the II Corps (en) Commander of the IV Corps (en)
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rdfs:comment أوليفر هوارد (بالإنجليزية: Oliver Otis Howard)‏ (و. 1830 – 1909 م) هو ضابط، ومؤرخ، وكاتب سير، من الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، ولد في مين، كان عضوًا في الحزب الجمهوري، ويحمل رتبة عسكرية major general، توفي في بورلينغتون، عن عمر يناهز 79 عاماً. (ar) Oliver Otis Howard (8 de novembre de 1830 - 26 d'octubre de 1909) va ser un militar de l'Exèrcit dels Estats Units d'Amèrica, durant la Guerra Civil dels Estats Units. Oliver Howard va ser el comandant d'un batalló que va patir moltes baixes a les batalles de Chancellorsville i a Gettysburg. Després de la guerra civil, va marxar amb les seves tropes cap a l'oest del país, on va conduir una campanya famosa contra la tribu dels Nez Percé. Va ser instrumental en la fundació de la Universitat de Howard a Washington DC. (ca) Oliver Otis Howard (* 8. November 1830 in Leeds, Maine; † 26. Oktober 1909 in Burlington, Vermont) war ein General des US-Heeres. (de) Oliver Otis Howard (8 novembre 1830 – 26 octobre 1909) fut un officier de carrière dans l'United States Army, général de l'Armée de l'Union durant la guerre de Sécession et dirigea le Bureau des réfugiés durant la période dite de la reconstruction. L'Université Howard porte son nom en hommage de sa contribution à l'émancipation des Afro-Américains. (fr) Oliver Otis Howard (8 November 1830 – 26 Oktober 1909) adalah seorang perwira Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat dan jenderal Union dalam Perang Saudara Amerika. Sebagai komandan brigade dalam Tentara Potomac, Howard kehilangan lengan kanannya saat memimpin pasukannya melawan pasukan Konfederasi dalam pada Juni 1862, sebuah pengabdian yang membuatnya meraih Medal of Honor. (in) オリバー・オーティス・ハワード（英: Oliver Otis Howard、1830年11月8日-1909年10月26日）は、アメリカ陸軍の職業軍人であり、南北戦争では北軍の将軍だった。軍団指揮官として望んだチャンセラーズヴィルの戦いとゲティスバーグの戦いでは屈辱的な敗北を喫したが、西部戦線に配属されてからはこの挫折から立ち直り、軍団指揮官および一軍指揮官として功績を残した。戦後、西部で部隊指揮を執り、ネズ・パース族に対する有名な作戦を遂行した。ハワード大学設立の推進者である。 (ja) Oliver Otis Howard ( (Maine), 8 november 1830 - Burlington (Vermont), 26 oktober 1909) was een Amerikaans generaal die diende in de Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog en de Amerikaans-indiaanse oorlogen. Tevens is hij de stichter van de Howard-universiteit waar hij enige jaren rector van was. Hij stond bekend als een zorgzaam, humaan en diepgelovig mens. (nl) Oliver Otis Howard (ur. 8 listopada 1830 zm. 26 października 1909) – zawodowy oficer Armii Stanów Zjednoczonych, walczył w wojnie secesyjnej w stopniu generała majora po stronie wojsk Unii. Odznaczony Medalem Honoru, uczestniczył w bitwach pod Chancellorsville i Gettysburgiem. Po wojnie został w wojsku i walczył m.in. z Indianami z plemienia Nez Percé, zajmował też różne posady w administracji i szkolnictwie wyższym. Zmarł w Burlington w stanie Vermont, gdzie zostały złożone jego prochy. (pl) Оливер Отис Ховард (англ. Oliver Otis Howard; 8 ноября 1830 — 26 октября 1909) — кадровый офицер армии США и генерал федеральной армии во время американской гражданской войны. Как командир корпуса он известен двумя крупными поражениями — при Чанселорсвилле и Геттисберге, однако на Западном театре военных действий действовал удачнее, будучи командиром корпуса и командиром армии. После войны служил на Западе, принимал участие в войнах с индейцами. Также известен участием в основании Университета Ховарда. (ru) Oliver Otis Howard (8 de noviembre de 1830 - 26 de octubre de 1909) fue un general de la unión del ejército estadounidense, durante la Guerra de Secesión. Tuvo la mala fama de ser comandante de un batallón que sufrió dos derrotas humillantes en Chancellorsville y Gettysburg. Sin embargo, recuperó su reputación durante su liderazgo de tropas en el frente occidental de la guerra, donde sirvió como comandante del ejército. Después de la guerra, estuvo a cargo de tropas en el oeste del país, donde condujo una campaña famosa contra la tribu de Nez Perce. (es) Oliver Otis Howard (November 8, 1830 – October 26, 1909) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the Civil War. As a brigade commander in the Army of the Potomac, Howard lost his right arm while leading his men against Confederate forces at the Battle of Fair Oaks/Seven Pines in June 1862, an action which later earned him the Medal of Honor. As a corps commander, he suffered two major defeats at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg in May and July 1863, but recovered from the setbacks as a successful corps and later army commander in the Western Theater. (en) Oliver Otis Howard (Leeds, 8 novembre 1830 – Burlington, 26 ottobre 1909) è stato un generale statunitense, fu un militare di carriera dell'esercito degli Stati Uniti e un generale dell'Unione nella guerra di secessione americana.Assegnato al comando dell'XI corpo dell'Armata del Potomac sul fronte virginiano, il generale Howard venne criticato a causa della dura sconfitta subita dalle sue truppe, sorprese dalla manovra aggirante del II corpo confederato del generale Thomas Jonathan Jackson, nella fase iniziale della battaglia di Chancellorsville. Anche nel primo giorno della battaglia di Gettysburg il generale Howard si trovò in difficoltà. Impegnato in inferiorità numerica, dovette combattere una disperata battaglia difensiva cercando di guadagnare tempo e di mantenere le posizioni tatti (it) Oliver Otis Howard (Leeds, Maine, 8 de novembro de 1830 — Burlington, Vermont, 26 de outubro de 1909) foi um oficial de carreira do Exército dos Estados Unidos e um general da União na Guerra de Secessão. Foi comandante do corpo de exército conhecido por sofrer duas derrotas humilhantes, em Chancellorsville e em Gettysburg, mas se recuperou dos contratempos, quando atuou no Teatro Ocidental, e serviu lá com sucesso, como comandante de corpo e do exército. (pt) Oliver Otis Howard, född 8 november 1830 i Leeds,Maine, död 26 oktober 1909 i Burlington Chittenden County, Vermont, var en amerikansk militär och general i nordstatsarmén under amerikanska inbördeskriget. Howard examinerades från militärakademin i West Point år 1854. Därefter fortsatte han som biträdande lektor i matematik. Howard utnämndes efter kriget till chef för den federala byrån Freedman's Bureau, som ansvarade för krigsflyktingar och frigivna slavar. (sv)
rdfs:label Oliver Otis Howard (en) أوليفر هوارد (ar) Oliver Howard (ca) Oliver Otis Howard (de) Oliver Otis Howard (es) Oliver Otis Howard (in) Oliver Otis Howard (fr) Oliver O. Howard (it) オリバー・O・ハワード (ja) Oliver O. Howard (nl) Oliver Howard (pl) Oliver Otis Howard (pt) Oliver Otis Howard (sv) Ховард, Оливер (ru)
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