Society of the Cincinnati (original) (raw)

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La Società dei Cincinnati (in inglese: Society of the Cincinnati) è un'associazione statunitense, con filiali negli Stati Uniti e Francia, fondata nel 1783 da ufficiali che avevano prestato servizio durante la guerra d'indipendenza americana, come arma di pressione affinché il governo onorasse gli impegni fatti agli ufficiali che avevano preso parte alla guerra. Attualmente la Società dei Cincinnati è un'organizzazione culturale senza scopo di lucro che promuove l'interesse per la Rivoluzione Americana attraverso biblioteche, un museo, pubblicazioni e l'organizzazione di mostre.

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dbo:abstract La Societo de la Cincinatuloj estas historia organizaĵo kun branĉoj en Usono kaj Francio fondita en 1783 por pluhavi la idealojn kaj membrecon de la oficiroj de la Usona Milito de Sendependeco kaj por premi la usonan registaron honori la postulojn faratajn de la oficiroj kiuj batalis por la usona sendependeco. Nune en sia tria jarcento, la Societo estas neprofita historia, diplomatia, kaj eduka organizaĵo kiu helpas publikan intereson en la Usona Revolucio pere de sia biblioteko kaj muzeokolektoj, ekspozicioj, programoj, publikaĵoj kaj aliaj aktivaĵoj. La nomo devenas el rememoro de la romia heroo Cincinato, kiu laŭlegende preferus serenan privatan laboron al ŝtataj honoroj, kaj kies samtempuloj "ĉion forlasis por defendo de la patrio". La unuaj membroj samtempe apartenis kaj kontribuis al la Usona Filozofia Societo. (eo) Society of the Cincinnati ist ein US-amerikanischer Orden, der im Jahr 1783 gegründet wurde. Ein kleiner Kreis nordamerikanischer Offiziere unter Führung des aus Preußen stammenden Generals der Kontinentalarmee Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben gründete Anfang Mai 1783 kurz vor Ende des Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskriegs diese Bruderschaft in Steubens Hauptquartier in Fishkill (Dutchess County, Bundesstaat New York). Hintergrund der Ordensgründung war die Unzufriedenheit vieler Offiziere mit der Versorgung der Soldaten, ihrer Witwen und Waisen. Der Orden verpflichtete deshalb seine hochrangigen Mitglieder entsprechend der Satzung erstens „mit unablässiger Aufmerksamkeit die Rechte und Freiheiten der menschlichen Natur zu erhalten, für die wir gekämpft und geblutet haben“, zweitens „das Glück der Staaten und die zukünftige Würde des amerikanischen Reichs zu fördern“ und drittens „besonders jene Offiziere und ihre Familien zu unterstützen, die in ihrer Not darauf angewiesen sind“. Der Historiker bezeichnete deshalb diesen Orden als „Meuterei, die in eine Organisation umgewandelt wurde“. Die persönliche Mitgliedschaft im Orden durfte satzungsgemäß an den Erstgeborenen vererbt werden. Das Abzeichen des Ordens war ein Adler mit einem goldenen mit der Abbildung des Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, an einem blauen Band hängend zum Zeichen der Verbundenheit mit Frankreich. Der Entwurf stammte ursprünglich von Pierre L’Enfant, der in der Kontinentalarmee unter Washington diente. Er bestellte auch 1783 die ersten 45 Ordensabzeichen in Paris. Der Wahlspruch des Ordens lautet seit jeher Omnia reliquit servare rem publicam (zu deutsch: Er opferte alles, um der Republik zu dienen). Erster Präsident des Ordens wurde George Washington, seit 1775 Kommandeur der Kontinentalarmee, obwohl er zunächst im September 1783 mit einem Brief an Generalmajor Henry Knox dessen Ersuchen noch freundlich abgelehnt hatte mit der Begründung: „Aus Unkenntnis meiner Pflichten fürchte ich, etwas zu versäumen, was dem Verein schaden und mich beschämen würde“. Noch einmal dachte er, den Vorsitz abzugeben, als er 1789 US-Präsident wurde. Doch am Ende blieb Washington bis zu seinem Tod im Jahr 1799 Präsident des Ordens. Thomas Jefferson und andere kritisierten den Orden, da sie wegen der Imitierung europäischer Privilegien das Entstehen einer amerikanischen Aristokratie befürchteten. Das speziell für George Washington angefertigte und deshalb einzigartige Abzeichen, auf dessen ausdrücklichen Wunsch „in meisterhafter Manier elegant ausgeführt, aber nicht in zu kostbarem Stil“, ist ein goldener Orden mit einem Adler im Lorbeerkranz mit emailliertem Medaillon. Dieser Orden, ab 1824 im Besitz des Marquis de La Fayette und deshalb auch „Washington-Lafayette Cincinnati Medal“ genannt, wurde am 11. Dezember 2008 zum höchsten jemals für einen Orden erzielten Preis von 5,3 Millionen US-Dollar beim Auktionshaus Sotheby’s in New York City versteigert. Erfolgreicher Bieter war der New Yorker Kunsthändler , der den Orden im Auftrag der „Fondation de Chambrun“ ersteigerte, die das in der Nähe von Paris unterhält, wo der o. g. Marquis de La Fayette einst gelebt hatte. Die Stadt Cincinnati in Ohio ist nach der Bruderschaft benannt. (de) La Société des Cincinnati (Society of the Cincinnati), ou l'ordre de Cincinnatus, est la plus ancienne société patriotique américaine, fondée par George Washington le 13 mai 1783 et composée de ceux qui s'étaient distingués pendant la guerre d'indépendance des États-Unis. Elle est formée de 13 sociétés d'États, correspondant aux 13 États américains existants lors de la constitution des États-Unis, ainsi que d'une société française nommée Société des Cincinnati de France. La coordination des activités de ces 14 sociétés est assurée par une société générale (The General Society of the Cincinnati) dont le siège est à Anderson House à Washington (district de Columbia). La création de cette société a été critiquée par Benjamin Franklin et John Adams qui craignaient de voir dans cette organisation la constitution d'une nouvelle noblesse dans une société républicaine, en reprochant surtout le caractère héréditaire des membres de la société. Le comte de Mirabeau a repris la même critique dans un pamphlet publié à Londres. Cette société subsiste de nos jours aux États-Unis. Elle est tombée en léthargie à la mort de Washington pour redevenir active aux États-Unis en 1854. Elle a été refondée en 1925 en France. Elle continue de réunir les descendants des membres d'origine ainsi que quelques membres honoraires. Les Cincinnati veulent promouvoir les valeurs de liberté, d'initiative, de dévouement au bien commun et de responsabilité qui ont fait la réussite des États-Unis. Ils s'attachent également à maintenir les liens privilégiés établis entre les États-Unis et la France à l'occasion de la guerre d'Indépendance et prolongés durant les deux guerres mondiales. (fr) The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States. Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers who served in the Continental Army. The Society has thirteen constituent societies in the United States and one in France. It was founded to perpetuate "the remembrance of this vast event" (the achievement of American Independence), "to preserve inviolate those exalted rights and liberties of human nature," and "to render permanent the cordial affection subsisting among the officers" of the Continental Army who served in the Revolutionary War. Now in its third century, the Society promotes public interest in the Revolution through its library and museum collections, publications, and other activities. It is the oldest patriotic, hereditary society in America. (en) La Società dei Cincinnati (in inglese: Society of the Cincinnati) è un'associazione statunitense, con filiali negli Stati Uniti e Francia, fondata nel 1783 da ufficiali che avevano prestato servizio durante la guerra d'indipendenza americana, come arma di pressione affinché il governo onorasse gli impegni fatti agli ufficiali che avevano preso parte alla guerra. Attualmente la Società dei Cincinnati è un'organizzazione culturale senza scopo di lucro che promuove l'interesse per la Rivoluzione Americana attraverso biblioteche, un museo, pubblicazioni e l'organizzazione di mostre. (it) シンシナティ協会(シンシナティきょうかい、英: Society of the Cincinnati)は、アメリカ合衆国とフランスの歴史ある結社である。会員になるためには一定の厳しい条件に適う必要がある。 (ja) Het Gezelschap der Cincinnati (Engels: "Society of the Cincinnati"), ook wel Orde van Cincinnatus genoemd, is een Amerikaans-Frans gezelschap van vooraanstaande patriotten. De organisatie stamt uit de Amerikaanse vrijheidsoorlog en werd in 1783 ingesteld. Het doel was de idealen en de kameraadschap van de officieren uit Frankrijk en Amerika levend te houden. Het Gezelschap had ook een politiek doel in de eis dat veteranen een pensioen zouden moeten ontvangen. Nu dat doel kon worden gerealiseerd nam de orde de rol van een niet-commercieel historisch en onderwijskundig genootschap aan. Met behulp van de bibliotheek wordt de belangstelling voor de Amerikaanse revolutie en de bevrijdingsoorlog levend gehouden. (nl) Towarzystwo Cyncynatów (ang. Society of the Cincinnati) – związek utworzony przez kombatantów rewolucji amerykańskiej 13 maja 1783 roku w obozie pod miastem Newburgh, zrzeszający najbardziej zasłużonych oficerów, którzy niczym Rzymianin Cyncynat „wszystko opuścili dla obrony ojczyzny”. Towarzystwo działa do dziś. Członkostwo zobowiązuje do czczenia pamięci o wojnie niepodległościowej Stanów Zjednoczonych, utrzymywania wzajemnej przyjaźni i pomagania innym członkom Towarzystwa w potrzebie, działania na rzecz braterstwa i wolności. Członkiem Towarzystwa był m.in. Tadeusz Kościuszko. (pl) Cincinnatusorden (engelska: Society of the Cincinnati) är en nordamerikansk orden som grundades av en sammanslutning av officerare från Kontinentalarmén efter nordamerikanska befrielsekriget 1783. Dessa kallade sig cincinnater eftersom de i likhet med den antika romerska förebilden Cincinnatus återvände till sina lantliga göromål efter kriget. Ordenstecknet skulle vara ärftligt. Ordenssällskapet ansågs dock strida mot idén med den nyskapade republiken, och man upphörde snart med att välja in nya medlemmar. George Washington var ordens förste president. Orden hade också en fransk gren och till dess medlemmar hörde bland andra Axel von Fersen den yngre och Curt von Stedingk. (sv) Орден Цинцинната — орден (организация), названный именем римского патриция середины V века до н. э. Луция Квинкция Цинцинната (дважды диктатора Римской республики). (ru) Орден Цинцінната — орден, названий ім'ям римського патриція середини V ст. до н. е. Луція Квінкція Цинцінната (двічі призначався диктатором Римської республіки), що був заснований у США 13 травня 1783 р. та символізував доблесть, скромність і вірність громадському обов'язку. За задумом засновників, орден був організацією найбільш гідних представників американського суспільства, прийняття в члени якої представляло особливо високу честь. Орденом нагороджувались американські та іноземні офіцери, котрі брали участь у Війні за незалежність північноамериканських колоній. (uk)
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dbp:caption Portrait of General George Washington, President General of the Society of the Cincinnati, by Edward Savage, 1790 . (en)
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dbp:name Society of the Cincinnati (en)
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rdfs:comment La Società dei Cincinnati (in inglese: Society of the Cincinnati) è un'associazione statunitense, con filiali negli Stati Uniti e Francia, fondata nel 1783 da ufficiali che avevano prestato servizio durante la guerra d'indipendenza americana, come arma di pressione affinché il governo onorasse gli impegni fatti agli ufficiali che avevano preso parte alla guerra. Attualmente la Società dei Cincinnati è un'organizzazione culturale senza scopo di lucro che promuove l'interesse per la Rivoluzione Americana attraverso biblioteche, un museo, pubblicazioni e l'organizzazione di mostre. (it) シンシナティ協会(シンシナティきょうかい、英: Society of the Cincinnati)は、アメリカ合衆国とフランスの歴史ある結社である。会員になるためには一定の厳しい条件に適う必要がある。 (ja) Towarzystwo Cyncynatów (ang. Society of the Cincinnati) – związek utworzony przez kombatantów rewolucji amerykańskiej 13 maja 1783 roku w obozie pod miastem Newburgh, zrzeszający najbardziej zasłużonych oficerów, którzy niczym Rzymianin Cyncynat „wszystko opuścili dla obrony ojczyzny”. Towarzystwo działa do dziś. Członkostwo zobowiązuje do czczenia pamięci o wojnie niepodległościowej Stanów Zjednoczonych, utrzymywania wzajemnej przyjaźni i pomagania innym członkom Towarzystwa w potrzebie, działania na rzecz braterstwa i wolności. Członkiem Towarzystwa był m.in. Tadeusz Kościuszko. (pl) Cincinnatusorden (engelska: Society of the Cincinnati) är en nordamerikansk orden som grundades av en sammanslutning av officerare från Kontinentalarmén efter nordamerikanska befrielsekriget 1783. Dessa kallade sig cincinnater eftersom de i likhet med den antika romerska förebilden Cincinnatus återvände till sina lantliga göromål efter kriget. Ordenstecknet skulle vara ärftligt. Ordenssällskapet ansågs dock strida mot idén med den nyskapade republiken, och man upphörde snart med att välja in nya medlemmar. George Washington var ordens förste president. Orden hade också en fransk gren och till dess medlemmar hörde bland andra Axel von Fersen den yngre och Curt von Stedingk. (sv) Орден Цинцинната — орден (организация), названный именем римского патриция середины V века до н. э. Луция Квинкция Цинцинната (дважды диктатора Римской республики). (ru) Орден Цинцінната — орден, названий ім'ям римського патриція середини V ст. до н. е. Луція Квінкція Цинцінната (двічі призначався диктатором Римської республіки), що був заснований у США 13 травня 1783 р. та символізував доблесть, скромність і вірність громадському обов'язку. За задумом засновників, орден був організацією найбільш гідних представників американського суспільства, прийняття в члени якої представляло особливо високу честь. Орденом нагороджувались американські та іноземні офіцери, котрі брали участь у Війні за незалежність північноамериканських колоній. (uk) Society of the Cincinnati ist ein US-amerikanischer Orden, der im Jahr 1783 gegründet wurde. Ein kleiner Kreis nordamerikanischer Offiziere unter Führung des aus Preußen stammenden Generals der Kontinentalarmee Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben gründete Anfang Mai 1783 kurz vor Ende des Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskriegs diese Bruderschaft in Steubens Hauptquartier in Fishkill (Dutchess County, Bundesstaat New York). Hintergrund der Ordensgründung war die Unzufriedenheit vieler Offiziere mit der Versorgung der Soldaten, ihrer Witwen und Waisen. (de) La Societo de la Cincinatuloj estas historia organizaĵo kun branĉoj en Usono kaj Francio fondita en 1783 por pluhavi la idealojn kaj membrecon de la oficiroj de la Usona Milito de Sendependeco kaj por premi la usonan registaron honori la postulojn faratajn de la oficiroj kiuj batalis por la usona sendependeco. Nune en sia tria jarcento, la Societo estas neprofita historia, diplomatia, kaj eduka organizaĵo kiu helpas publikan intereson en la Usona Revolucio pere de sia biblioteko kaj muzeokolektoj, ekspozicioj, programoj, publikaĵoj kaj aliaj aktivaĵoj. La nomo devenas el rememoro de la romia heroo Cincinato, kiu laŭlegende preferus serenan privatan laboron al ŝtataj honoroj, kaj kies samtempuloj "ĉion forlasis por defendo de la patrio". La unuaj membroj samtempe apartenis kaj kontribuis al (eo) La Société des Cincinnati (Society of the Cincinnati), ou l'ordre de Cincinnatus, est la plus ancienne société patriotique américaine, fondée par George Washington le 13 mai 1783 et composée de ceux qui s'étaient distingués pendant la guerre d'indépendance des États-Unis. Elle est formée de 13 sociétés d'États, correspondant aux 13 États américains existants lors de la constitution des États-Unis, ainsi que d'une société française nommée Société des Cincinnati de France. La coordination des activités de ces 14 sociétés est assurée par une société générale (The General Society of the Cincinnati) dont le siège est à Anderson House à Washington (district de Columbia). (fr) The Society of the Cincinnati is a fraternal, hereditary society founded in 1783 to commemorate the American Revolutionary War that saw the creation of the United States. Membership is largely restricted to descendants of military officers who served in the Continental Army. Now in its third century, the Society promotes public interest in the Revolution through its library and museum collections, publications, and other activities. It is the oldest patriotic, hereditary society in America. (en) Het Gezelschap der Cincinnati (Engels: "Society of the Cincinnati"), ook wel Orde van Cincinnatus genoemd, is een Amerikaans-Frans gezelschap van vooraanstaande patriotten. De organisatie stamt uit de Amerikaanse vrijheidsoorlog en werd in 1783 ingesteld. Het doel was de idealen en de kameraadschap van de officieren uit Frankrijk en Amerika levend te houden. Het Gezelschap had ook een politiek doel in de eis dat veteranen een pensioen zouden moeten ontvangen. (nl)
rdfs:label Society of the Cincinnati (de) Society of the Cincinnati (en) Societo de la Cincinatuloj (eo) Société des Cincinnati (fr) Società dei Cincinnati (it) シンシナティ協会 (ja) Gezelschap der Cincinnati (nl) Towarzystwo Cyncynatów (pl) Орден Цинцинната (ru) Cincinnatusorden (sv) Орден Цинцінната (uk)
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