Operation FB (original) (raw)
- Die Operation FB war ein maritimes Unternehmen der Alliierten im Zweiten Weltkrieg zur Lieferung von kriegswichtigen Gütern in die Sowjetunion. Entgegen den vorherigen Lieferungen, die in Nordmeergeleitzügen organisiert waren, fuhren von November 1942 bis Januar 1943 einzelne Frachtschiffe als Alleinfahrer die Route vom isländischen Reykjavík in das sowjetische Murmansk und Archangelsk. Insgesamt verloren die Alliierten acht Frachter mit 46.874 BRT, während auf deutscher Seite ein U-Boot sank. (de)
- Operation FB (29 October – 9 November 1942) took place as part of the Arctic Convoys of the Second World War. The operation consisted of independent sailings by unescorted merchant ships between Iceland and Murmansk. In late 1942, the Allies had taken the offensive against Germany but the dispatch of supplies to the USSR by convoy via the Arctic route was suspended, due to the demands of the Mediterranean campaign. Convoy PQ 19 was cancelled because the Home Fleet diverted ships to the Mediterranean for Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942) which would have had to be postponed for three weeks had ships been provided for PQ 19. Discussions between the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt led to ships being dispatched independently to Russia from Iceland as a substitute for PQ 19, using the polar night of the Arctic winter for concealment. The ships sailed at approximately twelve-hour intervals, with seven trawlers strung out along the routes as rescue ships. Of thirteen sailings to Russia, three were ordered to turn back and five arrived; of 23 independent departures from the USSR, 22 ships reached their destination. The outbound convoy series JW, began with Convoy JW 51A (15–25 December 1942), returns being called RW. (en)
- L'opération FB est le nom de l'opération qui consiste à envoyer des cargos isolés par la route de l'Arctique afin de ravitailler l'URSS en guerre contre le troisième Reich. Elle commence le 29 octobre 1942. (fr)
- Operation FB was een vervolg op de PQ-konvooien in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Na de konvooien PQ17 en PQ18 werd de levering van hulpgoederen aan de Sovjet-Unie opgeschort, de risico's waren te groot. Beide konvooien hadden enorme verliezen geleden. In dezelfde periode startte Operation Torch, de inval in Franstalig Noord-Afrika. De geallieerden hadden daar grote behoefte aan marineschepen, dus de bescherming van de Moermansk konvooien kon niet meer gegarandeerd worden. De Russen zaten op dat moment midden in de Duitse aanval op Stalingrad en hadden grote behoefte aan oorlogsmaterieel. Besloten werd schepen met een tussenpoos van 12 uur naar Rusland te laten vertrekken. Dertien alleen varende vrachtschepen vertrokken vanuit IJsland naar Rusland. Ter bescherming waren er onderweg enkele trawlers gepositioneerd, namelijk de HMT Cape Palliser, HMT Northern Pride, HMT Northern Spray en HMT St. Elstan. In de buurt van Moermansk lagen de HMT Cape Argona, HMT Cape Mariato en HMT St. Kenan. Een succes werd het niet: drie schepen keerden terug, vijf schepen werden tot zinken gebracht en maar vijf schepen kwamen aan in de Sovjet-Unie. De Russen lieten in deze periode 30 schepen zonder enige bescherming de overtocht maken. (nl)
- Recalled: 3
- Sunk: 5
- Wrecked: 1
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- Inconclusive
- Eastbound: 13 merchant ships
- escorts (east): 3 trawlers
- escorts (west): 4anti-submarinetrawlers
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- Wrecked: 1 (en)
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- Operation FB (en)
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- (en)
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- Die Operation FB war ein maritimes Unternehmen der Alliierten im Zweiten Weltkrieg zur Lieferung von kriegswichtigen Gütern in die Sowjetunion. Entgegen den vorherigen Lieferungen, die in Nordmeergeleitzügen organisiert waren, fuhren von November 1942 bis Januar 1943 einzelne Frachtschiffe als Alleinfahrer die Route vom isländischen Reykjavík in das sowjetische Murmansk und Archangelsk. Insgesamt verloren die Alliierten acht Frachter mit 46.874 BRT, während auf deutscher Seite ein U-Boot sank. (de)
- L'opération FB est le nom de l'opération qui consiste à envoyer des cargos isolés par la route de l'Arctique afin de ravitailler l'URSS en guerre contre le troisième Reich. Elle commence le 29 octobre 1942. (fr)
- Operation FB (29 October – 9 November 1942) took place as part of the Arctic Convoys of the Second World War. The operation consisted of independent sailings by unescorted merchant ships between Iceland and Murmansk. In late 1942, the Allies had taken the offensive against Germany but the dispatch of supplies to the USSR by convoy via the Arctic route was suspended, due to the demands of the Mediterranean campaign. Convoy PQ 19 was cancelled because the Home Fleet diverted ships to the Mediterranean for Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942) which would have had to be postponed for three weeks had ships been provided for PQ 19. (en)
- Operation FB was een vervolg op de PQ-konvooien in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Na de konvooien PQ17 en PQ18 werd de levering van hulpgoederen aan de Sovjet-Unie opgeschort, de risico's waren te groot. Beide konvooien hadden enorme verliezen geleden. In dezelfde periode startte Operation Torch, de inval in Franstalig Noord-Afrika. De geallieerden hadden daar grote behoefte aan marineschepen, dus de bescherming van de Moermansk konvooien kon niet meer gegarandeerd worden. De Russen zaten op dat moment midden in de Duitse aanval op Stalingrad en hadden grote behoefte aan oorlogsmaterieel. Besloten werd schepen met een tussenpoos van 12 uur naar Rusland te laten vertrekken. (nl)
- Operation FB (de)
- Opération FB (fr)
- Operation FB (en)
- Operation FB (nl)
- freebase:Operation FB
- yago-res:Operation FB
- wikidata:Operation FB
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- dbpedia-fr:Operation FB
- dbpedia-hu:Operation FB
- dbpedia-nl:Operation FB
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