Operation Transom (original) (raw)

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Die Operation Transom war ein Luftangriff britischer und US-amerikanischer trägergestützter Flugzeuge auf Ziele in Surabaja auf der Insel Java im japanisch besetzten Niederländisch-Ostindien im Pazifikkrieg während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. (de)
Operation Transom was an attack by Allied forces against the Japanese-occupied city of Surabaya on the Indonesian island of Java during World War II. Conducted by the British-led Eastern Fleet, the operation took place on 17 May 1944 and involved American and British carrier-based aircraft bombing the city's docks and an oil refinery. An American torpedo bomber was shot down, and two British torpedo bombers were lost in accidents. The attack on Surabaya was the second, and final, joint American-British aircraft carrier raid in the Indian Ocean during 1944. It was undertaken to divert Japanese forces from the Allied landing on Wakde island off New Guinea and make use of the American aircraft carrier on its return voyage to the Pacific. The warships involved in the operation sailed from Ceylon and refuelled in Western Australia before reaching the waters south of Java, where the carriers' aircraft were launched. On the morning of 17 May two groups of Allied aircraft made a coordinated attack on Surabaya's port and several industrial facilities that took the Japanese by surprise. American heavy bombers struck Surabaya that night and Australian aircraft laid mines in nearby waters; these aircraft operated from bases in northern Australia. Estimates of the damage inflicted by the Allies differ. Some sources describe the results as modest, and others contend that they were significant. The number of civilian casualties caused by the raid is unknown. There is consensus that the operation provided the British Royal Navy with useful exposure to superior United States Navy carrier tactics. The attack had no effect on Japanese military deployments as the Eastern Fleet was not considered a serious threat. (en)
L'opération Transom était le nom de code d'un bombardement effectué par les forces navales alliées les 17 et 18 mai 1944 pendant la guerre du Pacifique, ciblant la ville de Surabaya (Java) alors occupée par les Japonais. (fr)
Operasi Transom adalah sebuah serangan pengeboman besar-besaran terhadap target-target Jepang di Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur, oleh pesawat-pesawat tempur Amerika dan Britania pada tanggal 17 Mei 1944 dalam Perang Dunia II. Transom merupakan serangan kedua dari dua rangkaian serangan —yang pertama adalah Operasi Cockpit di Sumatra— yang menandai rangkaian ofensif besar-besaran perdana oleh kekuatan udara Angkatan Laut Britania di Timur Jauh. Angkatan Laut Britania sedang membangun kekuatan lautnya di Samudra Hindia, sebagai persiapan untuk ikut bergabung dalam peperangan di Pasifik (lihat Armada Pasifik Britania). Karena itu, Transom juga berfungsi untuk melatih pengalaman dalam serangan udara dari laut serta operasi pasokan perbekalan di laut lepas. Sejumlah pesawat dari USS Saratoga juga turut ambil bagian dalam serangan-serangan udara di Sumatra dan Jawa, setelah melakukan latihan bersama dengan kapal-kapal Britania. Sebagai tambahan, tujuh pesawat B-24 dari Grup Pengebom ke-380 AU Angkatan Darat AS, melakukan serangan malam lanjutan terhadap Pelabuhan Surabaya dari pangkalan mereka di Lapangan Terbang Corunna Downs, Australia Barat.[1] * l * * s (in)
トランサム作戦（Operation Transom）は、第二次世界大戦中の1944年（昭和19年）5月17日に行われたアメリカ海軍とイギリス海軍の合同機動部隊によるジャワ島スラバヤの日本軍に対する航空攻撃。日本軍の航空機や艦船、陸上施設に打撃を与えることに成功した。 (ja)
Operatie Transom was een militaire operatie op 17 mei 1944 tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog waarbij de geallieerden een bombardement uitvoerden op strategische posities die Japanse troepen hadden ingenomen in de Indonesische stad Soerabaja. Het bombardement werd uitgevoerd door Britse en Amerikaanse vliegtuigen. Voorafgaand aan Operatie Transom was gegaan, waarbij de strategische posities van Japanners op Java werden gebombardeerd. Bij deze operaties deed de Britse luchtmacht voor het eerst grootschalig mee in het verre oosten. Opvolgend aan Operatie Transom voerden zeven B-24 bommenwerpers een bombardement uit op de haven van Soerabaja. (nl)
A Operação Transom foi um ataque feito pelas forças aliadas contra a cidade de Surabaia, controlada então pelos japoneses, no dia 17 de maio de 1944, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Foi conduzida pela Frota Oriental liderada pelos britânicos e envolveu aeronaves lançadas de porta-aviões americanos e britânicos que atacaram as docas da cidade e uma refinaria de petróleo. Um torpedeiro americano foi abatido. O ataque a Surabaia foi o segundo e último ataque conjunto de porta-aviões americanos e britânicos no Oceano Índico em 1944. Foi empreendido como um ataque de diversão de um desembarque aliado numa ilha ao largo da Nova Guiné no mesmo dia, mas também para fazer uso do porta-aviões americano na sua viagem de retorno ao Pacífico. As estimativas da extensão dos danos infligidos pelos aliados diferem entre as fontes; alguns descrevem os resultados como modestos, enquanto outros afirmam que foram significativos. É consenso que a operação forneceu à Marinha Real Britânica uma exposição útil às tácticas dos porta-aviões da Marinha dos Estados Unidos. O ataque não surtiu efeito sobre as posições militares japonesas. (pt)
第二次世界大战期间，盟军于1944年5月17日发动气窗行动（英語：Operation Transom）突袭日据荷屬東印度（今印度尼西亚）城市泗水。行动以英国远东舰队为主力，英美两国出动艦載機轰炸城市码头和煉油廠。日方守军仅击落一架美军魚雷轟炸機，另有两架英军鱼雷轰炸机毁于事故。本次行动是1944年英美两国第二次和最后一次印度洋联合航空母舰突袭，意在分散日军兵力、推动盟军登陆新幾內亞近海的，同时在美军航母返回太平洋途中发挥作用。参战军舰从锡兰出发并在西澳大利亚州补充燃料，抵达爪哇岛以南海域后舰载机起飞。5月17日清晨，盟军飞机分两队协同空袭泗水港口和工业设施，日军措不及防。美国和澳大利亚军机从澳大利亚北部基地出发，美军重型轟炸機夜间袭击泗水，澳大利亚军机在附近水域布雷。文献对此次行动战果估算不一，有行动失败说、中等程度破坏说、战果辉煌说。空袭导致的平民伤亡不明，历史学家一致认为英國皇家海軍通过“气窗行动”了解美國海軍优越的航母战术。日军认为远东舰队威胁不大，军事部署未受此次突袭影响。 (zh)

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3 aircraft destroyed

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dbr:James_Somerville

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1944-05-17 (xsd:date)

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Allied victory

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Anti-aircraft batteries
2 aircraft carriers
1 battlecruiser
3 battleships
14 destroyers
8 submarines
6 cruisers
76 aircraft

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wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Carrier_strike_on_Surabaya,_Java_in_May_1944.jpg?width=300

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Black and white aerial photograph of a harbour with smoke rising from several locations (en)

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0001-05-17 (xsd:gMonthDay)

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3 (xsd:integer)
Accounts differ (en)
Unknown civilian casualties (en)

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James Somerville (en)

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Operation Transom (en)

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1944-05-17 (xsd:date)

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the South-East Asian theatre of World War II (en)

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Allied victory (en)

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1 (xsd:integer)
2 (xsd:integer)
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6 (xsd:integer)
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14 (xsd:integer)
76 (xsd:integer)
Anti-aircraft batteries (en)

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Die Operation Transom war ein Luftangriff britischer und US-amerikanischer trägergestützter Flugzeuge auf Ziele in Surabaja auf der Insel Java im japanisch besetzten Niederländisch-Ostindien im Pazifikkrieg während des Zweiten Weltkriegs. (de)
L'opération Transom était le nom de code d'un bombardement effectué par les forces navales alliées les 17 et 18 mai 1944 pendant la guerre du Pacifique, ciblant la ville de Surabaya (Java) alors occupée par les Japonais. (fr)
トランサム作戦（Operation Transom）は、第二次世界大戦中の1944年（昭和19年）5月17日に行われたアメリカ海軍とイギリス海軍の合同機動部隊によるジャワ島スラバヤの日本軍に対する航空攻撃。日本軍の航空機や艦船、陸上施設に打撃を与えることに成功した。 (ja)
第二次世界大战期间，盟军于1944年5月17日发动气窗行动（英語：Operation Transom）突袭日据荷屬東印度（今印度尼西亚）城市泗水。行动以英国远东舰队为主力，英美两国出动艦載機轰炸城市码头和煉油廠。日方守军仅击落一架美军魚雷轟炸機，另有两架英军鱼雷轰炸机毁于事故。本次行动是1944年英美两国第二次和最后一次印度洋联合航空母舰突袭，意在分散日军兵力、推动盟军登陆新幾內亞近海的，同时在美军航母返回太平洋途中发挥作用。参战军舰从锡兰出发并在西澳大利亚州补充燃料，抵达爪哇岛以南海域后舰载机起飞。5月17日清晨，盟军飞机分两队协同空袭泗水港口和工业设施，日军措不及防。美国和澳大利亚军机从澳大利亚北部基地出发，美军重型轟炸機夜间袭击泗水，澳大利亚军机在附近水域布雷。文献对此次行动战果估算不一，有行动失败说、中等程度破坏说、战果辉煌说。空袭导致的平民伤亡不明，历史学家一致认为英國皇家海軍通过“气窗行动”了解美國海軍优越的航母战术。日军认为远东舰队威胁不大，军事部署未受此次突袭影响。 (zh)
Operation Transom was an attack by Allied forces against the Japanese-occupied city of Surabaya on the Indonesian island of Java during World War II. Conducted by the British-led Eastern Fleet, the operation took place on 17 May 1944 and involved American and British carrier-based aircraft bombing the city's docks and an oil refinery. An American torpedo bomber was shot down, and two British torpedo bombers were lost in accidents. (en)
Operasi Transom adalah sebuah serangan pengeboman besar-besaran terhadap target-target Jepang di Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur, oleh pesawat-pesawat tempur Amerika dan Britania pada tanggal 17 Mei 1944 dalam Perang Dunia II. Sebagai tambahan, tujuh pesawat B-24 dari Grup Pengebom ke-380 AU Angkatan Darat AS, melakukan serangan malam lanjutan terhadap Pelabuhan Surabaya dari pangkalan mereka di Lapangan Terbang Corunna Downs, Australia Barat.[1] * l * * s (in)
Operatie Transom was een militaire operatie op 17 mei 1944 tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog waarbij de geallieerden een bombardement uitvoerden op strategische posities die Japanse troepen hadden ingenomen in de Indonesische stad Soerabaja. Het bombardement werd uitgevoerd door Britse en Amerikaanse vliegtuigen. Voorafgaand aan Operatie Transom was gegaan, waarbij de strategische posities van Japanners op Java werden gebombardeerd. Bij deze operaties deed de Britse luchtmacht voor het eerst grootschalig mee in het verre oosten. (nl)
A Operação Transom foi um ataque feito pelas forças aliadas contra a cidade de Surabaia, controlada então pelos japoneses, no dia 17 de maio de 1944, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Foi conduzida pela Frota Oriental liderada pelos britânicos e envolveu aeronaves lançadas de porta-aviões americanos e britânicos que atacaram as docas da cidade e uma refinaria de petróleo. Um torpedeiro americano foi abatido. (pt)

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