Order of battle at the Battle of the Nile (original) (raw)
The Battle of the Nile was a significant naval action fought during 1–3 August 1798. The battle took place in Aboukir Bay, near the mouth of the River Nile on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt and pitted a British fleet of the Royal Navy against a fleet of the French Navy. The battle was the climax of a three-month campaign in the Mediterranean during which a huge French convoy under General Napoleon Bonaparte had sailed from Toulon to Alexandria via Malta. Despite close pursuit by a British fleet of thirteen ships of the line, one fourth rate and a sloop under Sir Horatio Nelson, the French were able to reach Alexandria unscathed and successfully land an army, which Bonaparte led inland. The fleet that had escorted the convoy, consisting of thirteen ships of the line, four frigates and a n
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| dbo:abstract | The Battle of the Nile was a significant naval action fought during 1–3 August 1798. The battle took place in Aboukir Bay, near the mouth of the River Nile on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt and pitted a British fleet of the Royal Navy against a fleet of the French Navy. The battle was the climax of a three-month campaign in the Mediterranean during which a huge French convoy under General Napoleon Bonaparte had sailed from Toulon to Alexandria via Malta. Despite close pursuit by a British fleet of thirteen ships of the line, one fourth rate and a sloop under Sir Horatio Nelson, the French were able to reach Alexandria unscathed and successfully land an army, which Bonaparte led inland. The fleet that had escorted the convoy, consisting of thirteen ships of the line, four frigates and a number of smaller vessels under Vice-amiral François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers, anchored in Aboukir Bay as Alexandria harbour was too narrow, forming a line of battle that was protected by shoals to the north and west. Nelson reached the Egyptian coast on 1 August and discovered the French fleet at 14:00. Advancing during the afternoon, his ships entered the bay at 18:20 and attacked the French directly, despite the rapid approach of nightfall. Taking advantage of a large gap between the lead French ship Guerrier and the northern shoal, HMS Goliath rounded the French line at 18:40 and opened fire from the unprepared port side, followed by five more British ships. The rest of the British line attacked the starboard side of the French van, catching the ships in a fierce crossfire. For three hours the battle continued as the British overwhelmed the first five French ships but were driven away from the heavily defended centre. The arrival of reinforcements allowed a second assault on the centre at 21:00 and at 22:00 the French flagship Orient exploded. Despite the death of Vice-amiral Brueys, the French centre continued to fight until 03:00, when the badly damaged Tonnant managed to join the thus far unengaged French rear division. At 06:00 firing began again as the less damaged ships of the British fleet attacked the French rear, forcing Contre-amiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve to pull away for the mouth of the bay. Four French ships were too badly damaged to join him and were beached by their crews, two subsequently surrendered. Villeneuve eventually escaped to open water with just two ships of the line and two frigates. On 3 August the last two remaining French ships stranded in the bay were defeated, one surrendering and the other deliberately set on fire by its crew. The almost total destruction of the French fleet reversed the strategic situation in the Mediterranean, giving the Royal Navy control of the sea which it retained until the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. Nelson and his captains were highly praised and generously rewarded, although Nelson privately complained that his peerage was not senior enough. Bonaparte's army was trapped in the Middle East and Royal Navy dominance played a significant part in its subsequent defeat at the Siege of Acre, Bonaparte himself abandoned the army late in 1799 to return to France and deal with the outbreak of the War of the Second Coalition. Of the captured ships, three were no longer serviceable and were burnt in the bay, and three others were judged fit only for harbour duties owing to the damage they had received in the battle. The remainder enjoyed long and successful service careers in the Royal Navy; two subsequently served at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. (en) A Batalha do Nilo foi uma batalha naval que teve lugar entre 1 e 3 de Agosto de 1798, na baía de Abukir, perto da foz do rio Nilo, no mar Mediterrâneo, costa do Egipto. A batalha colocou frente-a-frente uma frota da Marinha Real Britânica e uma da Marinha Francesa. Este combate naval foi o ponto alto da campanha de três meses no Mediterrâneo, durante a qual uma expedição francesa, de grandes dimensões, comandada pelo general Napoleão Bonaparte, partiu de Toulon para Alexandria via Malta. Apesar de perseguida de perto por uma frota britânica de 13 navios de linha, um de 4.ª categoria e um sloop, liderados pelo contra-almirante Horatio Nelson, a frota francesa conseguiu chegar a Alexandria, sem qualquer resistência, e fazer desembarcar um exército, o qual Napoleão. A frota que escoltou o comboio francês, o qual consistia em 13 navios de linha, quatro fragatas e várias pequenas embarcações lideradas pelo vice-almirante François-Paul Brueys d'Aigalliers, ancorou na baía de Abukir pois o porto de Alexandria era demasiado estreito, formando uma linha de batalha protegida por uma zona de rochedos a norte e a oeste. Nelson chegou à costa egípcia no dia 1 de Agosto e descobriu a frota francesa às 14h00. Avançando durante a tarde, os seus navios entraram na baía às 18h20, e atacaram directamente os franceses, apesar da rápida chegada da noite. Aproveitando a grande distância entre o navio da frente, , e a zona norte das rochas, o rodeou a linha francesa, às 18h40, e abriu fogo ao lado bombordo francês, sendo seguido por mais cinco navios britânicos. A restante linha britânica atacou o lado estibordo do comboio francês, e este ficou entre um terrível fogo-cruzado. A batalha prolongou-se por mais de três horas com os britânicos a derrotarem os cinco primeiros navios franceses, mas a ficarem longe do centro, bem defendido. A chegada de reforços permitiu um segundo assalto às 21h00 e, às 22h00, o navio-almirante francês explodiu. Apesar da orte do almirante Brueys, a zona central francesa continuou a lutar até às 03h00, quando o danificado conseguiu chegar até à longínqua divisão francesa da retaguarda. Às 06h00, o combate foi reactivado com um ataque dos navios britânicos menos danificados à retaguarda francesa, forçando o contra-almirante Pierre-Charles Villeneuve a fugir para a foz da baía. Outros quatro navios franceses, com muitos danos, não conseguiram juntar-se a Villeneuve, e foram propositadamente encalhados na praia pelas suas tripulações; Villeneuve acabou por escapr para mar aberto com dois navios de linha e duas fragatas. A 3 de Agosto, os últimos dois navios franceses, encalhados na baía, foram derrotados: um deles rendeu-se, e u outro foi propositadamente incendiado pela sua tripulação. A quase total destruição da frota francesa reverteu a situação estratégica no Mediterrâneo, dando o controlo do mar à Marinha Real Britânica, que o manteve até ao final das Guerras Napoleónicas, em 1815. Nelson e os seus capitães foram efusivamente saudados e generosamente premiados, embora, em privado, Nelson se tenha queixado de que a sua recompensa, não era suficientemente elevada. O exército de Napoleão ficou preso no Médio Oriente e o domínio da Marinha Real teve um papel fulcral na sua derrota no , O próprio Napoleão abandonou o exército em 1799 para regressar a França e fazer frente ao início da Guerra da Segunda Coligação. Dos navios capturados, três estavam inoperacionais e foram queimados na baía, e três outros foram aproveitados apenas para serviço civil, devido aos danos recebidos na batalha. Os restantes ficaram ao serviço da Marinha Real; dois fariam parte da Batalha de Trafalgar, em 1805. (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | The Battle of the Nile was a significant naval action fought during 1–3 August 1798. The battle took place in Aboukir Bay, near the mouth of the River Nile on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt and pitted a British fleet of the Royal Navy against a fleet of the French Navy. The battle was the climax of a three-month campaign in the Mediterranean during which a huge French convoy under General Napoleon Bonaparte had sailed from Toulon to Alexandria via Malta. Despite close pursuit by a British fleet of thirteen ships of the line, one fourth rate and a sloop under Sir Horatio Nelson, the French were able to reach Alexandria unscathed and successfully land an army, which Bonaparte led inland. The fleet that had escorted the convoy, consisting of thirteen ships of the line, four frigates and a n (en) A Batalha do Nilo foi uma batalha naval que teve lugar entre 1 e 3 de Agosto de 1798, na baía de Abukir, perto da foz do rio Nilo, no mar Mediterrâneo, costa do Egipto. A batalha colocou frente-a-frente uma frota da Marinha Real Britânica e uma da Marinha Francesa. Este combate naval foi o ponto alto da campanha de três meses no Mediterrâneo, durante a qual uma expedição francesa, de grandes dimensões, comandada pelo general Napoleão Bonaparte, partiu de Toulon para Alexandria via Malta. Apesar de perseguida de perto por uma frota britânica de 13 navios de linha, um de 4.ª categoria e um sloop, liderados pelo contra-almirante Horatio Nelson, a frota francesa conseguiu chegar a Alexandria, sem qualquer resistência, e fazer desembarcar um exército, o qual Napoleão. A frota que escoltou o com (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Order of battle at the Battle of the Nile (en) Ordem de batalha da Batalha do Nilo (pt) |
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