Organic solar cell (original) (raw)
Eine organische Solarzelle ist eine Solarzelle, die aus Werkstoffen der organischen Chemie besteht, d. h. aus Kohlenwasserstoff-Verbindungen (Kunststoffen). Der Wirkungsgrad, mit dem Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird, liegt bei speziellen, in Laboren mittels Einzelanfertigung hergestellten Zellen, die Flächen von etwa 1 cm² aufweisen, mit 17,3 % (Stand August 2018) noch unterhalb dessen von Solarzellen aus anorganischem Halbleitermaterial. Organische Solarzellen bzw. Plastiksolarzellen, wie sie auch genannt werden, sind aufgrund der Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich potenziell günstiger und vielseitiger Herstellungsverfahren ein aktuelles Forschungsthema (siehe ).
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| dbo:abstract | Eine organische Solarzelle ist eine Solarzelle, die aus Werkstoffen der organischen Chemie besteht, d. h. aus Kohlenwasserstoff-Verbindungen (Kunststoffen). Der Wirkungsgrad, mit dem Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird, liegt bei speziellen, in Laboren mittels Einzelanfertigung hergestellten Zellen, die Flächen von etwa 1 cm² aufweisen, mit 17,3 % (Stand August 2018) noch unterhalb dessen von Solarzellen aus anorganischem Halbleitermaterial. Organische Solarzellen bzw. Plastiksolarzellen, wie sie auch genannt werden, sind aufgrund der Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich potenziell günstiger und vielseitiger Herstellungsverfahren ein aktuelles Forschungsthema (siehe ). (de) Las células fotovoltaicas orgánicas son células solares, en las que al menos la capa activa se compone de moléculas orgánicas. Existen principalmente tres tipos: 1. * 2. * Las células fotovoltaicas de polímeros orgánicos 3. * Aparecidas en 1990, constituyen un intento de reducir el costo de la electricidad fotovoltaica, sin lugar a dudas el principal obstáculo para esta tecnología. Las células fotovoltaicas orgánicas se benefician, en efecto, del bajo costo de los semiconductores orgánicos, así como de muchas posibles simplificaciones en los procesos de fabricación. Se distinguen en los semiconductores orgánicos los polímeros, que son depositados por centrifugación. Son pequeñas moléculas de materiales depositados por evaporación térmica. Utilizando como sustrato plástico (PEN, PMMA ...), ofrecen la perspectiva de una producción en continuo (roll-to-roll), que permite finalmente el acceso a los paneles solares a un precio razonable. Aún en investigación experimental, el registro de rendimiento es de entre el 4 y el 5% en el laboratorio. Antes de una posible comercialización deben realizarse avances en la tecnología concernientes a la eficacia y a la . De hecho, el oxígeno, muy electronegativo, reacciona con el exceso de electrones y reduce el nivel de dopaje. (es) An organic solar cell (OSC) or plastic solar cell is a type of photovoltaic that uses organic electronics, a branch of electronics that deals with conductive organic polymers or small organic molecules, for light absorption and charge transport to produce electricity from sunlight by the photovoltaic effect. Most organic photovoltaic cells are polymer solar cells. The molecules used in organic solar cells are solution-processable at high throughput and are cheap, resulting in low production costs to fabricate a large volume. Combined with the flexibility of organic molecules, organic solar cells are potentially cost-effective for photovoltaic applications. Molecular engineering (e.g., changing the length and functional group of polymers) can change the band gap, allowing for electronic tunability. The optical absorption coefficient of organic molecules is high, so a large amount of light can be absorbed with a small amount of materials, usually on the order of hundreds of nanometers. The main disadvantages associated with organic photovoltaic cells are low efficiency, low stability and low strength compared to inorganic photovoltaic cells such as silicon solar cells. Compared to silicon-based devices, polymer solar cells are lightweight (which is important for small autonomous sensors), potentially disposable and inexpensive to fabricate (sometimes using printed electronics), flexible, customizable on the molecular level and potentially have less adverse environmental impact. Polymer solar cells also have the potential to exhibit transparency, suggesting applications in windows, walls, flexible electronics, etc. An example device is shown in Fig. 1. The disadvantages of polymer solar cells are also serious: they offer about 1/3 of the efficiency of hard materials, and experience substantial photochemical degradation. Polymer solar cells inefficiency and stability problems, combined with their promise of low costs and increased efficiency made them a popular field in solar cell research. As of 2015, polymer solar cells were able to achieve over 10% efficiency via a tandem structure. In 2018, a record breaking efficiency for organic photovoltaics of 17.3% was reached via tandem structure. (en) Les cellules photovoltaïques organiques sont des cellules photovoltaïques dont au moins la couche active est constituée de molécules organiques. Leur développement constitue une tentative de réduction du coût de l'électricité photovoltaïque, sans conteste la principale barrière pour cette technologie, mais on espère aussi qu'elles seront plus fines, flexibles, faciles et moins chères à produire, tout en étant résistantes. Les cellules photovoltaïques organiques bénéficient en effet du faible coût des semi-conducteurs organiques ainsi que de nombreuses simplifications potentielles dans le processus de fabrication. (fr) 有機薄膜太陽電池とは導電性高分子やフラーレン等を組み合わせた有機薄膜半導体を用いる太陽電池。 (ja) Células solares flexíveis (Organic Solar Cells – OSCs) são um dos dispositivos mais promissores na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de energia solar, devido às vantagens que oferecem em termos de leveza e baixo custo, além do processo de fabricação ser muito simples. No momento, existe uma grande variedade de pesquisas em células solares flexíveis e diferentes grupos de pesquisadores propõem diferentes estruturas. Atualmente, a célula solar mais produzida é a CIGS a qual é composta pelo semicondutor Cobre(Índio, Gálio)Selênio2 utilizando polímeros como substrato, a qual pode apresentar eficiência de conversão próxima de 20%. Seu método de fabricação conhecido como roll-to-roll (rolo-a-rolo) permite a fabricação de grandes quantidades de material a baixo custo, o que permite seu grande sucesso. Outra célula muito utilizada é a célula DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cell – célula solar sensibilizada por corante), também conhecidas por célula de Graetzel. As células solares fotovoltaicas DSSC podem ser fabricadas sobre substratos flexíveis em um processo semelhante à impressão, adaptando-se melhor às condições de aplicação. A partir da célula DSSC também foram desenvolvidas células solares flexíveis semelhantes, mas com a substituição do eletrólito líquido por um eletrólito polimérico. Dessa forma, problemas como volatilidade e vazamento do eletrólito são minimizados. (pt) 有机太阳能电池是成分全部或部分为有机物的太阳能电池，他们使用了导电聚合物或小分子用于光的吸收和。有机物的大量制备、相对价格低廉，柔软等性质使其在光伏应用方面很有前途。通过改变聚合物等分子的长度和官能团可以改变有机分子的能隙，有机物的摩尔消光系数很高，使得少量的有机物就可以吸收大量的光。相对于，有机太阳能电池的主要缺点是较低的能量转换效率，稳定性差和强度低。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Eine organische Solarzelle ist eine Solarzelle, die aus Werkstoffen der organischen Chemie besteht, d. h. aus Kohlenwasserstoff-Verbindungen (Kunststoffen). Der Wirkungsgrad, mit dem Sonnenenergie in elektrische Energie umgewandelt wird, liegt bei speziellen, in Laboren mittels Einzelanfertigung hergestellten Zellen, die Flächen von etwa 1 cm² aufweisen, mit 17,3 % (Stand August 2018) noch unterhalb dessen von Solarzellen aus anorganischem Halbleitermaterial. Organische Solarzellen bzw. Plastiksolarzellen, wie sie auch genannt werden, sind aufgrund der Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich potenziell günstiger und vielseitiger Herstellungsverfahren ein aktuelles Forschungsthema (siehe ). (de) Les cellules photovoltaïques organiques sont des cellules photovoltaïques dont au moins la couche active est constituée de molécules organiques. Leur développement constitue une tentative de réduction du coût de l'électricité photovoltaïque, sans conteste la principale barrière pour cette technologie, mais on espère aussi qu'elles seront plus fines, flexibles, faciles et moins chères à produire, tout en étant résistantes. Les cellules photovoltaïques organiques bénéficient en effet du faible coût des semi-conducteurs organiques ainsi que de nombreuses simplifications potentielles dans le processus de fabrication. (fr) 有機薄膜太陽電池とは導電性高分子やフラーレン等を組み合わせた有機薄膜半導体を用いる太陽電池。 (ja) 有机太阳能电池是成分全部或部分为有机物的太阳能电池，他们使用了导电聚合物或小分子用于光的吸收和。有机物的大量制备、相对价格低廉，柔软等性质使其在光伏应用方面很有前途。通过改变聚合物等分子的长度和官能团可以改变有机分子的能隙，有机物的摩尔消光系数很高，使得少量的有机物就可以吸收大量的光。相对于，有机太阳能电池的主要缺点是较低的能量转换效率，稳定性差和强度低。 (zh) Las células fotovoltaicas orgánicas son células solares, en las que al menos la capa activa se compone de moléculas orgánicas. Existen principalmente tres tipos: 1. * 2. * Las células fotovoltaicas de polímeros orgánicos 3. * Aparecidas en 1990, constituyen un intento de reducir el costo de la electricidad fotovoltaica, sin lugar a dudas el principal obstáculo para esta tecnología. Las células fotovoltaicas orgánicas se benefician, en efecto, del bajo costo de los semiconductores orgánicos, así como de muchas posibles simplificaciones en los procesos de fabricación. (es) An organic solar cell (OSC) or plastic solar cell is a type of photovoltaic that uses organic electronics, a branch of electronics that deals with conductive organic polymers or small organic molecules, for light absorption and charge transport to produce electricity from sunlight by the photovoltaic effect. Most organic photovoltaic cells are polymer solar cells. (en) Células solares flexíveis (Organic Solar Cells – OSCs) são um dos dispositivos mais promissores na pesquisa e desenvolvimento de energia solar, devido às vantagens que oferecem em termos de leveza e baixo custo, além do processo de fabricação ser muito simples. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Organische Solarzelle (de) Célula fotovoltaica orgánica (es) Cellule photovoltaïque organique (fr) 有機薄膜太陽電池 (ja) Organic solar cell (en) Célula solar flexível (pt) 有机太阳能电池 (zh) |
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