Rand Rebellion (original) (raw)
La Rebelión del Rand (en afrikáans, Rand-rebellie), también llamada Huelga de 1922, fue un levantamiento armado de mineros blancos en la región de Witwatersrand en Sudáfrica, que comenzó en diciembre de 1921 y terminó en marzo de 1922.
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| dbo:abstract | La Rebelión del Rand (en afrikáans, Rand-rebellie), también llamada Huelga de 1922, fue un levantamiento armado de mineros blancos en la región de Witwatersrand en Sudáfrica, que comenzó en diciembre de 1921 y terminó en marzo de 1922. (es) La révolte du Rand (ou rébellion du Rand) est une révolte armée des mineurs afrikaners de la région du Witwatersrand, survenue en mars 1922 dans une période de dépression économique, afin de défendre leurs privilèges sociaux et raciaux, acquis selon le principe du Colour Bar. La sanglante répression du mouvement ouvrier jette le discrédit sur le gouvernement sud-africain de Jan Smuts et aboutit à une alliance électorale entre le parti national de James Barry Hertzog et le parti travailliste du colonel Frederic Creswell, vainqueur des élections générales de 1924. (fr) The Rand Rebellion (Afrikaans: Rand-rebellie; also known as the 1922 strike) was an armed uprising of white miners in the Witwatersrand region of South Africa, in March 1922. Jimmy Green, a prominent politician in the Labour Party, was one of the leaders of the strike. Following a drop in the world price of gold from 130 shillings (£6 10s) per fine troy ounce in 1919 to 95s/oz (£4 15s) in December 1921, the companies tried to cut their operating costs by decreasing wages, and by weakening the colour bar by promoting cheaper black mine workers to skilled and supervisory positions. (en) A Revolta Vermelha foi um levante armado de mineiros brancos ocorrido na região de Witwatersrand, África do Sul, em março de 1922. Jimmy Green, um proeminente político do Partido Trabalhista foi um dos líderes da revolta. Devido a uma queda mundial no preço do ouro, as empresas tentaram reduzir os custos com diminuição nos salários e procurando enfraquecer o corte de cor, aumentando o avanço de mineiros negros e mais baratos para cargos qualificados. A revolta iniciou em 28 de dezembro de 1921 como uma greve de mineiros brancos, mas logo se tornou um movimento aberto contra o Estado. Os trabalhadores que haviam se armado conquistaram as cidades de Benoni, Brakpan e os subúrbios Fordsburg e Jeppe da cidade de Joanesburgo. O Partido Comunista da África do Sul tomou parte ativa na revolta, opondo-se a que trabalhadores pretos e mestiços recebessem a mesma remuneração que trabalhadores brancos. Um dos lemas dos comunistas era “Trabalhadores do mundo uni-vos e lutai por uma África do Sul branca!” Muitos comunistas e sindicalistas, incluindo e , foram mortos por forças do Estado. A rebelião foi perseguida por ''ser considerada força militar e pelo custo de 200 vidas''. O Primeiro-Ministro Jan Smuts esmagou a revolta com o uso de 20.000 tropas, artilharias, tanques e bombas aéreas. No momento do primeiro ataque, os revoltosos já estavam armados em trincheiras em Fordsburg e a força aérea errou o bombardeio, acertando uma igreja local, mas as forças e outros bombardeios militares acabaram por assassinar os trabalhadores em outras tentativas. Como consequência política do massacre da revolta, Smuts perdeu as próximas eleições até uma aliança entre o Partido Trabalhistas e o Partido Nacional. Eles aprovaram o , o Wage Act 1925 e o Ato de Emenda dos Trabalhadores e Mineiros de 1926, que reforçava os privilégios dos trabalhadores brancos e as barreiras raciais. Sob instrução do Comitern, o SACP reviu suas atitudes sobre a classe trabalhadora branca do país e implementou uma nova política de ''República Nativa''. (pt) Рандское восстание (Витватерсрандское восстание, англ. Rand Rebellion, африк. Rand-rebellie; также известно как «Красное восстание» и забастовка 1922 года) — стачка белых шахтёров, переросшая в вооружённое выступление в трансваальском регионе Витватерсранд в Южно-Африканском Союзе в марте 1922 года, вызванная усиленной эксплуатацией горняков работодателями. Одним из лидеров забастовки был видный деятель Лейбористской партии Джимми Грин. Вслед за падением мировых цен на золото с 130 шиллингов за тройскую унцию в 1919 году до 95 в декабре 1921-го компании пытались сохранить прежние прибыли за счёт снижения заработной платы и ослабления цветового барьера, чтобы заменить на ряде полуквалифицированных работ белых, получавших 20 шиллингов в день, низкооплачиваемыми чёрными шахтёрами, которым платили всего 3 шиллинга. Политика компаний и Горной палаты представляла угрозу увольнения для 4 тысяч человек. (ru) |
| dbo:commander | dbr:Jan_Smuts |
| dbo:place | dbr:Gauteng |
| dbo:result | Rebellion suppressed |
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| dbp:caption | Rebels being taken prisoner in Fordsburg (en) |
| dbp:casualties | 153 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:commander | Jan Smuts (en) |
| dbp:conflict | Rand Rebellion (en) |
| dbp:imageSize | 280 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:place | Witwatersrand, Union of South Africa (en) |
| dbp:result | Rebellion suppressed (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | La Rebelión del Rand (en afrikáans, Rand-rebellie), también llamada Huelga de 1922, fue un levantamiento armado de mineros blancos en la región de Witwatersrand en Sudáfrica, que comenzó en diciembre de 1921 y terminó en marzo de 1922. (es) La révolte du Rand (ou rébellion du Rand) est une révolte armée des mineurs afrikaners de la région du Witwatersrand, survenue en mars 1922 dans une période de dépression économique, afin de défendre leurs privilèges sociaux et raciaux, acquis selon le principe du Colour Bar. La sanglante répression du mouvement ouvrier jette le discrédit sur le gouvernement sud-africain de Jan Smuts et aboutit à une alliance électorale entre le parti national de James Barry Hertzog et le parti travailliste du colonel Frederic Creswell, vainqueur des élections générales de 1924. (fr) The Rand Rebellion (Afrikaans: Rand-rebellie; also known as the 1922 strike) was an armed uprising of white miners in the Witwatersrand region of South Africa, in March 1922. Jimmy Green, a prominent politician in the Labour Party, was one of the leaders of the strike. Following a drop in the world price of gold from 130 shillings (£6 10s) per fine troy ounce in 1919 to 95s/oz (£4 15s) in December 1921, the companies tried to cut their operating costs by decreasing wages, and by weakening the colour bar by promoting cheaper black mine workers to skilled and supervisory positions. (en) A Revolta Vermelha foi um levante armado de mineiros brancos ocorrido na região de Witwatersrand, África do Sul, em março de 1922. Jimmy Green, um proeminente político do Partido Trabalhista foi um dos líderes da revolta. Devido a uma queda mundial no preço do ouro, as empresas tentaram reduzir os custos com diminuição nos salários e procurando enfraquecer o corte de cor, aumentando o avanço de mineiros negros e mais baratos para cargos qualificados. (pt) Рандское восстание (Витватерсрандское восстание, англ. Rand Rebellion, африк. Rand-rebellie; также известно как «Красное восстание» и забастовка 1922 года) — стачка белых шахтёров, переросшая в вооружённое выступление в трансваальском регионе Витватерсранд в Южно-Африканском Союзе в марте 1922 года, вызванная усиленной эксплуатацией горняков работодателями. Одним из лидеров забастовки был видный деятель Лейбористской партии Джимми Грин. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Rand-Revolte (de) Rebelión del Rand (es) Révolte du Rand (fr) Rand Rebellion (en) Revolta Vermelha (pt) Рандское восстание (ru) |
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