Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (original) (raw)
Der Rehabilitation Act von 1973 ist ein Bundesgesetz der Vereinigten Staaten, dass Diskriminierung aufgrund von Behinderung in Bundesprogrammen, Programmen, die staatliche Unterstützung erhalten, Arbeitsverhältnissen der Bundesregierung und Arbeitsverhältnissen von Vertragspartnern der Regierung verbietet. Die übliche Vorgehensweise, Diskriminierungen am Arbeitsplatz aufzudecken ist im Rahmen des Rehabilitation Acts dieselbe wie in Artikel 1 des Americans with Disabilities Acts.
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| dbo:abstract | Der Rehabilitation Act von 1973 ist ein Bundesgesetz der Vereinigten Staaten, dass Diskriminierung aufgrund von Behinderung in Bundesprogrammen, Programmen, die staatliche Unterstützung erhalten, Arbeitsverhältnissen der Bundesregierung und Arbeitsverhältnissen von Vertragspartnern der Regierung verbietet. Die übliche Vorgehensweise, Diskriminierungen am Arbeitsplatz aufzudecken ist im Rahmen des Rehabilitation Acts dieselbe wie in Artikel 1 des Americans with Disabilities Acts. Der Rehabilitation Act hat vier zentrale Abschnitte, die im September 1973 vom US-Kongress verabschiedet und von Präsident Richard Nixon unterzeichnet wurden. (de) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Pub.L. 93–112, 87 Stat. 355, enacted September 26, 1973) is a federal law, codified as 29 U.S.C. § 701 et seq. The principal sponsor of the bill was Rep. John Brademas (D-IN-3). The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 replaces preexisting laws (collectively referred to as the Vocational Rehabilitation Act) to extend and revise the authorization of grants to States for vocational rehabilitation services, with special emphasis on services to those with the most severe disabilities, to expand special Federal responsibilities and research and training programs with respect to individuals with disabilities, to establish special responsibilities in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare for coordination of all programs with respect to individuals with disabilities within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and for other purposes. The Rehabilitation Act requires affirmative action in employment by the federal government and by government contractors and prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by federal agencies, in programs receiving federal financial assistance, in federal employment, and in the employment practices of federal contractors. The standards for determining employment discrimination under the Rehabilitation Act are the same as those used in title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act. President Richard Nixon signed H.R. 8070 into law on September 26, 1973 after he had vetoed two previous versions. (en) リハビリテーション法（英語: Rehabilitation Act of 1973、以下「リハ法」）とは、1973年に制定されたアメリカ合衆国の連邦法。下院議員ジョン・ブレードマスが最初に提案した。 「リハ法」は、職業リハビリテーション法の置き換えとして制定された。その目的は、第一に、連邦政府から受ける助成金に対する各州の裁量を拡大・改訂し、重度障害者を主な対象とした職業リハビリテーションを推し進めること、第二に、障害者に関する研究およびトレーニングプログラムについて、連邦政府の負うべき責任を拡張すること、そして第三に、健康教育福祉省が行う障害者関連のすべてのプログラムについて、大臣の協力責任を確立すること、等々である。 1973年9月26日、リチャード・ニクソン大統領がこの法案に署名した。 「リハ法」は、大きな改正が数回にわたってなされている。その中でも最も重要なのは、1974年12月7日の改正で「障害者（handicapped individual）」の定義が拡張されたことである（111条）。最初の「リハ法」では、「障害者」は「（A）身体的または精神的障害があり、それが本人にとって職業上の実質的な困難であるか、それを引き起こしており、かつ（B）この法律の第1章・第3章にしたがって提供された職業リハビリテーションを通して雇用適性が増すことが合理的に推測される者」と定義されていた（7条6項）。1974年の改正では「障害者」の定義が広げられ、連邦政府による直接の雇用（501条）、建造物や交通機関のバリアの調整・撤廃（502条）、連邦政府と契約する業者での雇用（503条）、連邦政府が財政的支援を行っているプログラム（504条）といった、職業リハビリテーションを通した雇用適性とは関係のない事柄が問題になる場合についても、「障害者」の概念を使えるようになった。1974年の改正によって、「障害者」は「（A）身体的または精神的な機能障害があり、それによって本人の生活能力が1つ以上実質的に制限されているか、（B）そうした機能障害を過去に持っていた、もしくは（C）そうした機能障害を現在持っていると考えられる者」を意味するようになった。後に連邦議会は、「障害／障壁（handicapped）」の語を「障害（disability）」に置き換えた上で、この定義を障害を持つアメリカ人法（ADA）（英語: Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990）に導入した（Pub.L. 101–336 3条2項）。「リハ法」は、連邦政府および政府と契約する業者が雇用する際にアファーマティブ・アクション（積極的差別是正措置）を要求し、政府機関が行うプログラムと雇用、および政府の援助を受けた団体のプログラムと雇用において、障害を理由とした差別を禁止している。「リハ法」で用いられている雇用差別の基準は、ADAの第1章にも見られる。 (ja) A Lei de Reabilitação (Rehabilitation Act of 1973) é uma lei federal, codificada como 29 U.S.C. § 701, passada pelo Congresso dos Estados Unidos em 1973. O ato foi proposto pelo congressista . Esta legislação substituía a antiga Lei de Reabilitação Vocacional, para expandir e revisar os direitos, não só dos trabalhadores e prestadores de serviço, mas também da população em geral. O Ato de Reabilitação proíbe a discriminação baseada em deficiência, física ou mental, por parte de agências, programas de assistência financeira e outros prestadores de serviço, a nível federal. O presidente Richard Nixon ratificou a lei em 26 de setembro de 1973. (pt) |
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| dbp:citePublicLaw | Pub. L. 93-112 (en) |
| dbp:committees | dbr:United_States_House_Committee_on_Education_and_the_Workforce |
| dbp:conferencedate | 1973-07-24 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:effectiveDate | 1973-09-26 (xsd:date) |
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| dbp:fullname | An Act to replace the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, to extend and revise the authorization of grants to States for vocational rehabilitation services, with special emphasis on services to those with the most severe disabilities, to expand special Federal responsibilities and research and training programs with respect to individuals with disabilities, to establish special responsibilities in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare for coordination of all programs with respect to individuals with disabilities within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and for other purposes. (en) |
| dbp:introducedby | John Brademas (en) |
| dbp:introduceddate | 1973-05-23 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:introducedin | House (en) |
| dbp:leghisturl | https://www.congress.gov/bill/93rd-congress/house-bill/8070/all-actions |
| dbp:name | Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (en) |
| dbp:nickname | Rehab Act (en) |
| dbp:passedbody | House (en) Senate (en) |
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| dbp:sectionsCreated | et seq. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Der Rehabilitation Act von 1973 ist ein Bundesgesetz der Vereinigten Staaten, dass Diskriminierung aufgrund von Behinderung in Bundesprogrammen, Programmen, die staatliche Unterstützung erhalten, Arbeitsverhältnissen der Bundesregierung und Arbeitsverhältnissen von Vertragspartnern der Regierung verbietet. Die übliche Vorgehensweise, Diskriminierungen am Arbeitsplatz aufzudecken ist im Rahmen des Rehabilitation Acts dieselbe wie in Artikel 1 des Americans with Disabilities Acts. (de) The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Pub.L. 93–112, 87 Stat. 355, enacted September 26, 1973) is a federal law, codified as 29 U.S.C. § 701 et seq. The principal sponsor of the bill was Rep. John Brademas (D-IN-3). The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 replaces preexisting laws (collectively referred to as the Vocational Rehabilitation Act) to extend and revise the authorization of grants to States for vocational rehabilitation services, with special emphasis on services to those with the most severe disabilities, to expand special Federal responsibilities and research and training programs with respect to individuals with disabilities, to establish special responsibilities in the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare for coordination of all programs with respect to individuals with disabilities (en) リハビリテーション法（英語: Rehabilitation Act of 1973、以下「リハ法」）とは、1973年に制定されたアメリカ合衆国の連邦法。下院議員ジョン・ブレードマスが最初に提案した。 「リハ法」は、職業リハビリテーション法の置き換えとして制定された。その目的は、第一に、連邦政府から受ける助成金に対する各州の裁量を拡大・改訂し、重度障害者を主な対象とした職業リハビリテーションを推し進めること、第二に、障害者に関する研究およびトレーニングプログラムについて、連邦政府の負うべき責任を拡張すること、そして第三に、健康教育福祉省が行う障害者関連のすべてのプログラムについて、大臣の協力責任を確立すること、等々である。 1973年9月26日、リチャード・ニクソン大統領がこの法案に署名した。 (ja) A Lei de Reabilitação (Rehabilitation Act of 1973) é uma lei federal, codificada como 29 U.S.C. § 701, passada pelo Congresso dos Estados Unidos em 1973. O ato foi proposto pelo congressista . Esta legislação substituía a antiga Lei de Reabilitação Vocacional, para expandir e revisar os direitos, não só dos trabalhadores e prestadores de serviço, mas também da população em geral. O Ato de Reabilitação proíbe a discriminação baseada em deficiência, física ou mental, por parte de agências, programas de assistência financeira e outros prestadores de serviço, a nível federal. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Rehabilitation Act (1973) (de) 1973年リハビリテーション法 (ja) Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (en) Lei de Reabilitação de 1973 (pt) |
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