Revival Lê dynasty (original) (raw)
- Als restaurierte Lê-Dynastie (präziser restaurierte spätere Lê-Dynastie, vietn. Nhà Lê trung hưng) bezeichnet man in der Geschichte Vietnams die Periode von 1533 bis 1789, in der die (spätere) Lê-Dynastie nach ihrer Wiedereinsetzung (Restauration) den Kaiser stellte. Zuvor waren die Lê im Jahr 1527 durch die Mạc-Familie gestürzt worden. Kennzeichnend für diese Epoche sind die faktische Teilung des Landes und die völlige Machtlosigkeit der Lê-Monarchen. Die Bezeichnung „restaurierte Lê-Dynastie“ ist nicht zeitgenössisch, sondern wurde von späteren Historikern geprägt, um eine Abgrenzung von der frühen Phase der Lê-Dynastie (1427–1527) zu schaffen, in der die Lê-Kaiser tatsächlich herrschten. In vielerlei Hinsicht lässt sich der Zeitraum der restaurierten Lê-Dynastie mit der Zeit der Shōgune in Japan vergleichen. Die Epoche lässt sich wiederum aufteilen in die bis 1592 andauernde (Nam-Bắc triều), in der Lê-Loyalisten gegen die Mạc-Dynastie Krieg führten und es zwei konkurrierende Kaiserhöfe gab, sowie die daran anschließende (Trịnh-Nguyễn phân tranh), in der die im Norden herrschenden und die im Süden herrschenden sich bekriegten, aber beide das machtlose, unter Trịnh-Kontrolle stehende Lê-Kaiserhaus anerkannten. Der Großteil der vietnamesischen Südexpansion fand während dieser Zeit statt. Die Nguyễn-Fürsten verschoben das vietnamesische Siedlungsgebiet beständig nach Süden, unterwarfen Champa und drangen schließlich in das bisher zum Khmer-Reich gehörende Mekongdelta vor. Im Gegensatz dazu gilt die Herrschaft der Trịnh im Norden weitestgehend als eine Zeit der Stagnation und des langsamen Niedergangs. Während der Zeit der restaurierten Lê-Dynastie gelangten auch die ersten europäischen Händler (Portugiesen, Niederländer, Engländer) und Missionare (portugiesische und französische Jesuiten, insbesondere Alexandre de Rhodes) nach Vietnam. In den Jahren 1777 bis 1789 wurden die Nguyễn- und Trịnh-Fürsten durch die gestürzt und die Lê-Kaiser durch die Tây-Sơn-Dynastie abgelöst. Ein Familienmitglied der Nguyễn-Fürsten besiegte schließlich die Tây Sơn und rief im Jahr 1802 die Nguyễn-Dynastie aus. (de)
- The Revival Lê dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Lê trung hưng 茹黎中興; Hán-Việt: 黎中興朝 Lê trung hưng triều), also called the Later Lê Restoration, was a Vietnamese dynasty that existed between 1533 and 1789. The Primal Lê dynasty (1428-1527) and the Revival Lê dynasty (1533-1789) collectively formed the Later Lê dynasty. This period marked the end of the second or Later Lê dynasty which had flourished for 100 years from 1428 to 1527 until a high-ranking mandarin Mạc Đăng Dung stole the throne of emperor Lê Cung Hoàng in 1527 and established the Mạc dynasty, ruling the whole territory of Đại Việt. The Lê royalists escaped to the Kingdom of Lan Xang (today Laos). The Right Commander-General of the Five Armies and Marquess of An Thanh (Vietnamese: Hữu vệ Điện tiền tướng quân An Thanh hầu) Nguyễn Kim summoned the people who were still loyal to the Lê emperor and formed a new army to begin a revolt against Mạc Đăng Dung. Subsequently, Nguyễn Kim returned to Đại Việt and led the Lê royalists in a six-year civil war before the Lê were able to capture territories in Thanh Hóa. This marked the beginning of the Southern and Northern dynasties era. The Lê and Mạc would continue the lengthy civil war over the next 40 years. In 1529, unable to resist the forces of the Lê, the Mạc dynasty retreated to the north and established a new capital at Cao Bằng Province allying with the Ming dynasty of China as a tributary nation against the Lê dynasty. The Revival Lê dynasty eventually recaptured three-quarters of their former kingdom. Inasmuch as the Mac dynasty ruled the northern portion of Đại Việt while the Lê dynasty ruled the remainder of the country, this time became known as the period of Northern and Southern dynasties. After capturing the capital Đông Kinh, Nguyễn Kim made the son of the former emperor Lê Chiêu Tông, Lê Trang Tông emperor of Đại Việt. The title was given to Lê Trang Tông, however, only as a figurehead. Nguyễn Kim retained the real power for himself and ruled the kingdom. In 1545, Nguyễn Kim was poisoned by ), a surrendered general of the Mạc dynasty. The power of royal court was then passed to Nguyễn Kim's son-in-law Trịnh Kiểm who became the founder of the Trịnh lords. Later, the first son of Nguyễn Kim, was assassinated by Trịnh Kiểm. Nguyễn Kim's second son, the Marquis of Hạ khê (Hạ khê hầu) Nguyễn Hoàng relocated to the south, became the Viceroy of Thuận Hoá province, founded the Nguyễn lords, and started a revolt against the reign of the Trịnh lords. As such, Đại Việt was divided for 232 years as the two lords fought each other in what is now known as the Trịnh–Nguyễn Civil War. This conflict only ended then the Tây Sơn brothers led the peasants in the Tây Sơn rebellion eventually conquering the entire kingdom in 1789. The last emperor of Lê dynasty Lê Chiêu Thống fled to exile in China and the dynasty collapsed. (en)
- 黎中興朝(越南语:Nhà Lê trung hưng/茹黎中興;1533年-1789年)是越南歷史學家對後黎朝後半葉時期的稱呼。 (zh)
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- 黎中興朝(越南语:Nhà Lê trung hưng/茹黎中興;1533年-1789年)是越南歷史學家對後黎朝後半葉時期的稱呼。 (zh)
- Als restaurierte Lê-Dynastie (präziser restaurierte spätere Lê-Dynastie, vietn. Nhà Lê trung hưng) bezeichnet man in der Geschichte Vietnams die Periode von 1533 bis 1789, in der die (spätere) Lê-Dynastie nach ihrer Wiedereinsetzung (Restauration) den Kaiser stellte. Zuvor waren die Lê im Jahr 1527 durch die Mạc-Familie gestürzt worden. Kennzeichnend für diese Epoche sind die faktische Teilung des Landes und die völlige Machtlosigkeit der Lê-Monarchen. (de)
- The Revival Lê dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Lê trung hưng 茹黎中興; Hán-Việt: 黎中興朝 Lê trung hưng triều), also called the Later Lê Restoration, was a Vietnamese dynasty that existed between 1533 and 1789. The Primal Lê dynasty (1428-1527) and the Revival Lê dynasty (1533-1789) collectively formed the Later Lê dynasty. (en)
- Revival Lê dynasty (en)
- Restaurierte Lê-Dynastie (de)
- 黎中興朝 (zh)
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- dbpedia-de:Revival Lê dynasty
- dbpedia-vi:Revival Lê dynasty
- dbpedia-zh:Revival Lê dynasty
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