Horseshoe bat (original) (raw)
خفافيش حدوة الحصان (الاسم العلمي: Rhinolophidae)، فصيلة خفافيش من الخفافيش الصغيرة. وهي تضم جنس وحيد حي، وجنس منقرض Palaeonycteris. أحيانا يتم تضمين فصيلة Hipposideridae الوثيقة الصلة داخل خفافيش حدوة الحصان كالفُصيلة.
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| dbo:abstract | Els rinolòfids (Rhinolophidae) són una família de ratpenats. Aquest grup conté un gènere vivent (els ratpenats de ferradura) i com a mínim dos d'extints. El registre fòssil suggereix que aparegueren a l'Àsia Oriental i des d'allà s'estengueren a Europa (i altres parts del món). Avui en dia, la seva distribució abasta les zones de clima temperat i tropical del sud d'Europa, Àfrica, Àsia i el nord i est d'Austràlia. Els rinolòfids són rellevants per als humans com a font de malalties i com a menjar i medicina en algunes regions. Diverses espècies són el reservori natural de la SARS, encara que la civeta de palmera emmascarada és l'hoste intermedi pel qual els humans es van infectar. Algunes proves suggereixen que algunes espècies podrien ser el dipòsit natural del SARS-CoV-2, que causa la malaltia Covid-19. Són caçats per a menjar en diverses regions, particularment a l'Àfrica subsahariana, però també al sud-est d'Àsia. Algunes espècies o el seu guano s'utilitzen en medicina tradicional al Nepal, l'Índia, el Vietnam i el Senegal. (ca) خفافيش حدوة الحصان (الاسم العلمي: Rhinolophidae)، فصيلة خفافيش من الخفافيش الصغيرة. وهي تضم جنس وحيد حي، وجنس منقرض Palaeonycteris. أحيانا يتم تضمين فصيلة Hipposideridae الوثيقة الصلة داخل خفافيش حدوة الحصان كالفُصيلة. (ar) Vrápenec je savec z řádu letouni (Chiroptera) z čeledi vrápencovití (Rhinolophidae). Velmi se podobá netopýrům, je nočním tvorem, hmyzožravcem a orientuje se také pomocí echolokace. Je také chráněný zákonem. Zimní období přečkají hibernací. (cs) Die Hufeisennasen (Rhinolophidae) stellen eine Familie aus der Ordnung der Fledertiere dar. Die Familie umfasst 109 Arten, die alle zur Gattung Rhinolophus gezählt werden. Die Rundblattnasen (Hipposideridae) werden manchmal als Unterfamilie Hipposiderinae in die Hufeisennasen eingegliedert. (de) Los murciélagos de herradura o rinolófidos (Rhinolophidae) son una gran familia de quirópteros que incluye aproximadamente 130 especies actualmente. Su fórmula dentaria es . (es) Errinolofido (Rhinolophidae) kiropteroen ordenako saguzarraren antzeko ugaztun batzuez esaten da. Europan, Australian eta Ginea Berrian bizi dira, eta intsektujale hutsak dira denak. Genero bakarra da familia horretan, baina badira 70 mota desberdin. Familia horretakoak dira ferra-saguzar txikia (Rhinopholus hipposideros), ferra-saguzar handia (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), etab. (eu) Horseshoe bats are bats in the family Rhinolophidae. In addition to the single living genus, Rhinolophus, which has about 106 species, the extinct genus Palaeonycteris has been recognized. Horseshoe bats are closely related to the Old World leaf-nosed bats, family Hipposideridae, which have sometimes been included in Rhinolophidae. The horseshoe bats are divided into six subgenera and many species groups. The most recent common ancestor of all horseshoe bats lived 34–40 million years ago, though it is unclear where the geographic roots of the family are, and attempts to determine its biogeography have been indecisive. Their taxonomy is complex, as genetic evidence shows the likely existence of many cryptic species, as well as species recognized as distinct that may have little genetic divergence from previously recognized taxa. They are found in the Old World, mostly in tropical or subtropical areas, including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Horseshoe bats are considered small or medium-sized microbats, weighing 4–28 g (0.14–0.99 oz), with forearm lengths of 30–75 mm (1.2–3.0 in) and combined lengths of head and body of 35–110 mm (1.4–4.3 in). The fur, long and smooth in most species, can be reddish-brown, blackish, or bright orange-red. They get their common name from their large nose-leafs, which are shaped like horseshoes. The nose-leafs aid in echolocation; horseshoe bats have highly sophisticated echolocation, using constant frequency calls at high duty cycles to detect prey in areas of high environmental clutters. They hunt insects and spiders, swooping down on prey from a perch, or gleaning from foliage. Little is known about their mating systems, but at least one species is monogamous, while another is polygynous. Gestation is approximately seven weeks and one offspring is produced at a time. A typical lifespan is six or seven years, but one greater horseshoe bat lived more than thirty years. Horseshoe bats are relevant to humans in some regions as a source of disease, as food, and for traditional medicine. Several species are the natural reservoirs of various SARS-related coronaviruses, and data strongly suggests they are a reservoir of SARS-CoV, though humans may face more exposure risk from intermediate hosts such as masked palm civets. They are hunted for food in several regions, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, but also Southeast Asia. Some species or their guano are used in traditional medicine in Nepal, India, Vietnam, and Senegal. (en) Kelelawar ladam yang dalam bahasa Inggris dinamakan horseshoe bat termasuk dalam keluarga Rhinolophidae. Satu genus yang sudah punah yaitu , telah diidentifikasi. Hipposideridae yang terkait erat, kadang-kadang dimasukkan dalam keluarga kelelawar berbentuk seperti ladam atau tapal kuda ini sebagai subfamili dan dinamakan Hipposiderinae. Kedua keluarga ini sekarang diklasifikasikan dalam subordo atau Pteropodiformes, sebelumnya termasuk dalam . Sebuah studi tahun 2016 menggunakan mitokondria dan menempatkan kelelawar ladam dalam subordo sebagai takson saudara Hipposideridae. (in) 관박쥐류(冠-類)는 관박쥐속(Rhinolophus) 박쥐의 총칭이다. 관박쥐과(Rhinolophidae)의 유일속이다. 전 세계에 18종이 분포하는데, 한국에는 관박쥐, 제주관박쥐 2종이 살고 있다. 코에는 상·중·하 세 종류의 후엽이 있다. 몸집은 비교적 크고 등은 회갈색 또는 적갈색이며, 배는 회백색 또는 흰색이다. 낮에는 어두운 곳에 숨어 있다가 해질 무렵부터 밤새도록 활동한다. 주로 나방·파리·딱정벌레 등의 곤충류를 먹는다. 여름에 활동하고 겨울에는 동굴 천장에 거꾸로 매달린 채 겨울잠을 잔다. 4월 말에 잠에서 깨어나며, 번식기에 암컷은 많은 수가 무리를 형성한다. 5 ~ 6월에 새끼가 태어나고, 9월 말 무렵에는 흩어져서 제각기 겨울을 날 곳으로 간다. (ko) Hoefijzerneuzen (Rhinolophidae) zijn een familie van vleermuizen (Chiroptera) die voorkomt in Europa, Afrika, Azië, Australië en Noord-Amerika. Ze zijn nauw verwant aan de bladneusvleermuizen van de Oude Wereld (Hipposideridae) en worden vaak tot dezelfde familie gerekend. (nl) Rhinolophidae é uma família da ordem Chiroptera (morcegos), que incluí cerca de 130 espécies em 10 géneros. Pertencem à subordem Microchiroptera. (pt) Podkowcowate (Rhinolophidae) – rodzina latających ssaków z podrzędu rudawkokształtnych (Pteropodiformes) w rzędzie nietoperzy (Chiroptera), obejmująca kilkadziesiąt żyjących współcześnie gatunków. (pl) Hästskonäsor (Rhinolophidae) är en däggdjursfamilj i ordningen fladdermöss och det enda släktet, Rhinolophus, i denna familj. Vissa forskare, bland annat Kai Curry-Lindahl, vill dock räkna in 10 släkten, med totalt omkring 130 arter, i denna familj. Släktet Rhinolophus innehåller omkring 95 arter, varav 5 i Europa (ingen av dessa i Skandinavien). (sv) Підковикові (Rhinolophidae) — родина з ряду лиликоподібних. Ці кажани значно поширені як у помірних, так і в тропічних регіонах Старого Світу. Вони населяють південну Європу, Африку, Азію, північну та східну Австралію та багато островів Тихого океану. (uk) Подковоно́сые, или подковоносые летучие мыши (лат. Rhinolophidae) — семейство млекопитающих подотряда летучих мышей. Иногда подсемейство листоносовых выделяют в отдельное семейство Hipposideridae. (ru) 菊頭蝠科（學名：Rhinolophidae）是哺乳綱翼手目小蝙蝠亚目下的一科，其下僅有菊頭蝠屬（Rhinolophus）一個現生的屬，包括6個亞屬共約100種，廣泛分布於非洲、亞洲和澳洲的熱帶及亞熱帶地區，在歐洲也有分布，另有一個已滅絕的屬。菊頭蝠屬的蝙蝠俗称菊头蝠或蹄鼻蝠，與蹄蝠科的親緣關係接近，兩者約於3400萬至4000萬年前分家，後者過去曾被歸入本科中。此類蝙蝠的生物地理演化史複雜，可能有許多隱存種尚未被發現，已發表物種中也有些可能不存在明顯基因分歧而應屬同種。 菊頭蝠為中小型的小蝙蝠，毛色為紅棕色、橘紅色或黑色，俗名「蹄鼻蝠」得名自其馬蹄鐵狀的的，有助於回聲定位，牠們產生聲納的占空比長，聽覺相當發達；以昆蟲與蜘蛛為食；目前對其婚配系統的了解仍少，多配偶制與單配偶制的物種皆有，孕期約為7週，每胎一般只產下一個幼仔，壽命約為6至7年，但曾有馬鐵菊頭蝠存活超過30年的紀錄。 許多種菊頭蝠在漠南非洲、東南亞與南亞某些地區被人類食用或藥用。許多研究顯示菊頭蝠身上帶有多種SARS相關冠狀病毒，可能為其自然宿主，造成嚴重疫情（SARS事件與COVID-19疫情）的冠狀病毒SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2可能皆是源於菊頭蝠的病毒。 (zh) |
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| dbp:title | Number of SARS-related coronaviruses by bat species (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | خفافيش حدوة الحصان (الاسم العلمي: Rhinolophidae)، فصيلة خفافيش من الخفافيش الصغيرة. وهي تضم جنس وحيد حي، وجنس منقرض Palaeonycteris. أحيانا يتم تضمين فصيلة Hipposideridae الوثيقة الصلة داخل خفافيش حدوة الحصان كالفُصيلة. (ar) Vrápenec je savec z řádu letouni (Chiroptera) z čeledi vrápencovití (Rhinolophidae). Velmi se podobá netopýrům, je nočním tvorem, hmyzožravcem a orientuje se také pomocí echolokace. Je také chráněný zákonem. Zimní období přečkají hibernací. (cs) Die Hufeisennasen (Rhinolophidae) stellen eine Familie aus der Ordnung der Fledertiere dar. Die Familie umfasst 109 Arten, die alle zur Gattung Rhinolophus gezählt werden. Die Rundblattnasen (Hipposideridae) werden manchmal als Unterfamilie Hipposiderinae in die Hufeisennasen eingegliedert. (de) Los murciélagos de herradura o rinolófidos (Rhinolophidae) son una gran familia de quirópteros que incluye aproximadamente 130 especies actualmente. Su fórmula dentaria es . (es) Errinolofido (Rhinolophidae) kiropteroen ordenako saguzarraren antzeko ugaztun batzuez esaten da. Europan, Australian eta Ginea Berrian bizi dira, eta intsektujale hutsak dira denak. Genero bakarra da familia horretan, baina badira 70 mota desberdin. Familia horretakoak dira ferra-saguzar txikia (Rhinopholus hipposideros), ferra-saguzar handia (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum), etab. (eu) Kelelawar ladam yang dalam bahasa Inggris dinamakan horseshoe bat termasuk dalam keluarga Rhinolophidae. Satu genus yang sudah punah yaitu , telah diidentifikasi. Hipposideridae yang terkait erat, kadang-kadang dimasukkan dalam keluarga kelelawar berbentuk seperti ladam atau tapal kuda ini sebagai subfamili dan dinamakan Hipposiderinae. Kedua keluarga ini sekarang diklasifikasikan dalam subordo atau Pteropodiformes, sebelumnya termasuk dalam . Sebuah studi tahun 2016 menggunakan mitokondria dan menempatkan kelelawar ladam dalam subordo sebagai takson saudara Hipposideridae. (in) 관박쥐류(冠-類)는 관박쥐속(Rhinolophus) 박쥐의 총칭이다. 관박쥐과(Rhinolophidae)의 유일속이다. 전 세계에 18종이 분포하는데, 한국에는 관박쥐, 제주관박쥐 2종이 살고 있다. 코에는 상·중·하 세 종류의 후엽이 있다. 몸집은 비교적 크고 등은 회갈색 또는 적갈색이며, 배는 회백색 또는 흰색이다. 낮에는 어두운 곳에 숨어 있다가 해질 무렵부터 밤새도록 활동한다. 주로 나방·파리·딱정벌레 등의 곤충류를 먹는다. 여름에 활동하고 겨울에는 동굴 천장에 거꾸로 매달린 채 겨울잠을 잔다. 4월 말에 잠에서 깨어나며, 번식기에 암컷은 많은 수가 무리를 형성한다. 5 ~ 6월에 새끼가 태어나고, 9월 말 무렵에는 흩어져서 제각기 겨울을 날 곳으로 간다. (ko) Hoefijzerneuzen (Rhinolophidae) zijn een familie van vleermuizen (Chiroptera) die voorkomt in Europa, Afrika, Azië, Australië en Noord-Amerika. Ze zijn nauw verwant aan de bladneusvleermuizen van de Oude Wereld (Hipposideridae) en worden vaak tot dezelfde familie gerekend. (nl) Rhinolophidae é uma família da ordem Chiroptera (morcegos), que incluí cerca de 130 espécies em 10 géneros. Pertencem à subordem Microchiroptera. (pt) Podkowcowate (Rhinolophidae) – rodzina latających ssaków z podrzędu rudawkokształtnych (Pteropodiformes) w rzędzie nietoperzy (Chiroptera), obejmująca kilkadziesiąt żyjących współcześnie gatunków. (pl) Hästskonäsor (Rhinolophidae) är en däggdjursfamilj i ordningen fladdermöss och det enda släktet, Rhinolophus, i denna familj. Vissa forskare, bland annat Kai Curry-Lindahl, vill dock räkna in 10 släkten, med totalt omkring 130 arter, i denna familj. Släktet Rhinolophus innehåller omkring 95 arter, varav 5 i Europa (ingen av dessa i Skandinavien). (sv) Підковикові (Rhinolophidae) — родина з ряду лиликоподібних. Ці кажани значно поширені як у помірних, так і в тропічних регіонах Старого Світу. Вони населяють південну Європу, Африку, Азію, північну та східну Австралію та багато островів Тихого океану. (uk) Подковоно́сые, или подковоносые летучие мыши (лат. Rhinolophidae) — семейство млекопитающих подотряда летучих мышей. Иногда подсемейство листоносовых выделяют в отдельное семейство Hipposideridae. (ru) 菊頭蝠科（學名：Rhinolophidae）是哺乳綱翼手目小蝙蝠亚目下的一科，其下僅有菊頭蝠屬（Rhinolophus）一個現生的屬，包括6個亞屬共約100種，廣泛分布於非洲、亞洲和澳洲的熱帶及亞熱帶地區，在歐洲也有分布，另有一個已滅絕的屬。菊頭蝠屬的蝙蝠俗称菊头蝠或蹄鼻蝠，與蹄蝠科的親緣關係接近，兩者約於3400萬至4000萬年前分家，後者過去曾被歸入本科中。此類蝙蝠的生物地理演化史複雜，可能有許多隱存種尚未被發現，已發表物種中也有些可能不存在明顯基因分歧而應屬同種。 菊頭蝠為中小型的小蝙蝠，毛色為紅棕色、橘紅色或黑色，俗名「蹄鼻蝠」得名自其馬蹄鐵狀的的，有助於回聲定位，牠們產生聲納的占空比長，聽覺相當發達；以昆蟲與蜘蛛為食；目前對其婚配系統的了解仍少，多配偶制與單配偶制的物種皆有，孕期約為7週，每胎一般只產下一個幼仔，壽命約為6至7年，但曾有馬鐵菊頭蝠存活超過30年的紀錄。 許多種菊頭蝠在漠南非洲、東南亞與南亞某些地區被人類食用或藥用。許多研究顯示菊頭蝠身上帶有多種SARS相關冠狀病毒，可能為其自然宿主，造成嚴重疫情（SARS事件與COVID-19疫情）的冠狀病毒SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2可能皆是源於菊頭蝠的病毒。 (zh) Els rinolòfids (Rhinolophidae) són una família de ratpenats. Aquest grup conté un gènere vivent (els ratpenats de ferradura) i com a mínim dos d'extints. El registre fòssil suggereix que aparegueren a l'Àsia Oriental i des d'allà s'estengueren a Europa (i altres parts del món). Avui en dia, la seva distribució abasta les zones de clima temperat i tropical del sud d'Europa, Àfrica, Àsia i el nord i est d'Austràlia. (ca) Horseshoe bats are bats in the family Rhinolophidae. In addition to the single living genus, Rhinolophus, which has about 106 species, the extinct genus Palaeonycteris has been recognized. Horseshoe bats are closely related to the Old World leaf-nosed bats, family Hipposideridae, which have sometimes been included in Rhinolophidae. The horseshoe bats are divided into six subgenera and many species groups. The most recent common ancestor of all horseshoe bats lived 34–40 million years ago, though it is unclear where the geographic roots of the family are, and attempts to determine its biogeography have been indecisive. Their taxonomy is complex, as genetic evidence shows the likely existence of many cryptic species, as well as species recognized as distinct that may have little genetic dive (en) |
| rdfs:label | خفاش حدوة الفرس (ar) Rinolòfids (ca) Vrápenec (cs) Hufeisennasen (de) Rhinolophidae (es) Rhinolophidae (eu) Kelelawar ladam (in) Rhinolophidae (fr) Horseshoe bat (en) 관박쥐류 (ko) Hoefijzerneuzen (nl) Podkowcowate (pl) Rhinolophidae (pt) Подковоносые (ru) Hästskonäsor (sv) 菊頭蝠科 (zh) Підковикові (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:List_of_horseshoe_bats |
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