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ريتشارد دول (بالإنجليزية: Richard Doll) (28 أكتوبر 1912 - 24 يوليو 2005) زميل الجمعية الملكية، هو عالم وظائف أعضاء بريطاني، وأصبح عالم وبائيات في القرن العشرين، حيثُ حوله من موضوع إلى علمٍ دقيق. حصل على ميدالية بوكانان عام 1972 لدراساته البارزة حول المسببات المرضية والوقاية والعلاج من الأمراض وخاصةً السرطان. (ar) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (* 28. Oktober 1912 in Hampton, Großbritannien; † 24. Juli 2005 in Oxford) war ein britischer Forscher, der als einer der ersten einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Rauchen und Lungenkrebs entdeckte. (de) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll CH OBE FRS (28 October 1912 – 24 July 2005) was a British physician who became an epidemiologist in the mid-20th century and made important contributions to that discipline. He was a pioneer in research linking smoking to health problems. With Ernst Wynder, Bradford Hill and Evarts Graham, he was credited with being the first to prove that smoking increased the risk of lung cancer and heart disease. (German studies had suggested a link as early as the 1920s but were forgotten or ignored until the 1990s.) He also carried out pioneering work on the relationship between radiation and leukaemia as well as that between asbestos and lung cancer, and alcohol and breast cancer. On 28 June 2012, he was the subject of an episode of The New Elizabethans, a series broadcast on BBC Radio Four to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II, dealing with 60 public figures from her reign. (en) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll CH OBE FRS (28 Oktober 1912–24 Juli 2005) adalah seorang ahli fisiologi Inggris yang menjadi ahli epidemiologi pada abad ke-20, mengubah subjek ini menjadi ilmu yang sangat akurat. Ia merupakan pelopor dalam penelitian yang menghubungkan dengan masalah kesehatan. Bersama , , dan , ia dikreditkan sebagai orang pertama yang membuktikan bahwa merokok menyebabkan kanker paru-paru dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung. (Penelitian di Jerman telah menduga keterhubungan tersebut sejak tahun 1920-an, tetapi terlupakan atau diabaikan hingga tahun 1990-an.) Ia juga perintis dalam penelitian mengenai hubungan antara radiasi dengan leukemia, antara asbestos dengan kanker paru-paru, dan antara alkohol dengan kanker payudara. Pada tanggal 28 Juni 2012, ia menjadi subjek serial berjudul The New Elizabethans, sebuah program yang disiarkan untuk menandai , yang melibatkan 60 tokoh masyarakat dari masa pemerintahannya. (in) Richard Doll (né le 28 octobre 1912 à Hampton dans le Middlesex et mort le 24 juillet 2005 à Oxford), est un médecin épidémiologiste britannique. (fr) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (Londra, 28 ottobre 1912 – Oxford, 24 luglio 2005) è stato un medico, epidemiologo e fisiologo britannico. È stato un pioniere nella ricerca che indica il fumo come una causa di tumore. Pubblicò il primo studio sull'argomento nel 1950. Fu assieme a Austin Bradford Hill tra i pionieri dell'utilizzo del metodo statistico sperimentale nella sperimentazione clinica. La sua carriera è stata marcata da controversie, tra le quali l'accusa di essere troppo accondiscendente con gli interessi industriali e di dare eccessiva importanza ad altri fattori (come lo stile di vita) come cause di tumore. Per il suo contributo all'epidemiologia dei tumori ha ottenuto moltissimi riconoscimenti: tra l'altro, è stato nominato baronetto e nel 2004 ha vinto il Premio Shaw. (it) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (28 oktober 1912 – 24 juli 2005) was een Britse epidemioloog. Hij heeft een hoogleraarschap aan de Universiteit van Oxford gehad. Doll bewees dat roken longkanker veroorzaakt en het risico op hart- en vaatziekten vergroot. In de jaren veertig nam longkanker sterk toe. Algemeen weet men dit toen aan het asfalteren van wegen, uitlaatgassen en Röntgenapparatuur. In 1948 deed Doll een case-control studie met betrekking tot longkanker. Roken bleek de belangrijkste oorzaak van longkanker, en het risico op longkanker nam sterk toe met het aantal gerookte sigaretten. Hij stopte zelf met roken. In de eerste jaren werd zijn onderzoek nauwelijks geloofd, hoewel de Amerikaan Wynder en de Nederlander Willem Wassink vergelijkbare resultaten publiceerden. Later bleek dat het verband tussen roken en longkanker al in 1929 door de Duitse arts Fritz Lickint en door onder anderen de nazi-artsen Schairer en Schöniger in 1943 was ontdekt. In 1954 zette Richard Doll de British Doctors Study op. Uit deze prospectieve cohort-studie bleek onomstotelijk dat roken longkanker veroorzaakt. Doll heeft door zijn ontdekking het leven van miljoenen mensen verlengd en gezonder gemaakt. Ook deed hij baanbrekend onderzoek omtrent het verband tussen ioniserende straling en leukemie, en dat tussen asbest en kanker. Tot kort voor zijn dood op 92-jarige leeftijd bleef hij werken en publiceren. Hij kreeg vele prijzen voor zijn wetenschappelijk werk, zo is hij in 1971 door de Engelse koningin tot sir benoemd. Hij maakte zich geen zorgen over passief roken. (nl) William Richard Shaboe Doll, CH, OBE, FRS (Londres, 28 de outubro de 1912 — Oxford, 24 de julho de 2005) foi um fisiologista britânico. (pt) Sir Richard Doll, född 28 oktober 1912 i London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, död 24 juli 2005, var en brittisk läkare och cancerforskare, den förste som påvisade sambandet mellan rökning och lungcancer. I samarbete med professor tog han fram statistik som påvisade sambandet 1950. Det dröjde innan hans resultat uppmärksammades. Cancer-kommittén i hälsodepartementet i Storbritannien var inte övertygade om resultaten, och befarade att uppmaningar till allmänheten att sluta röka skulle kunna skapa oro och panik. Först den 12 februari 1954 hölls en konferens där hälsoministern Iain Macleod, kedjerökande, tillkännagav att regeringen tog sambandet mellan rökning och lungcancer på allvar. Han studerade sedan läkares rökvanor och kom fram till att när man slutar röka minskar risken för cancer omedelbart. Han tilldelades Buchananmedaljen 1972. (sv) 威廉·理查·沙博·多爾爵士，CH, OBE, FRS（英語：Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll，1912年10月28日－2005年7月24日），英国科学家及流行病学家，與另一科學家奧斯汀·布拉德福德·希爾爵士一同被称为當代的「禁煙教父」。 (zh) Уильям Ричард Шэбо Долл (англ. William Richard Shaboe Doll; 28 октября 1912 — 24 июля 2005) — британский физиолог и эпидемиолог. Провел масштабные научные исследования, которые установили прямую связь курения и состояния здоровья человека. Совместно с , и доказал, что курение вызывает рак лёгкого и увеличивает риск заболеваний сердца. Эта связь была обнаружена ранее в исследованиях, проведённых в Германии в 1930-х годах, однако работа не была широко известна в научных кругах. Ричард Долл также установил, что радиация способствует развитию лейкозов, воздействие асбеста способствует развитию рака лёгких и что алкоголь способствует развитию рака молочной железы. (ru) |
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ريتشارد دول (بالإنجليزية: Richard Doll) (28 أكتوبر 1912 - 24 يوليو 2005) زميل الجمعية الملكية، هو عالم وظائف أعضاء بريطاني، وأصبح عالم وبائيات في القرن العشرين، حيثُ حوله من موضوع إلى علمٍ دقيق. حصل على ميدالية بوكانان عام 1972 لدراساته البارزة حول المسببات المرضية والوقاية والعلاج من الأمراض وخاصةً السرطان. (ar) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (* 28. Oktober 1912 in Hampton, Großbritannien; † 24. Juli 2005 in Oxford) war ein britischer Forscher, der als einer der ersten einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Rauchen und Lungenkrebs entdeckte. (de) Richard Doll (né le 28 octobre 1912 à Hampton dans le Middlesex et mort le 24 juillet 2005 à Oxford), est un médecin épidémiologiste britannique. (fr) William Richard Shaboe Doll, CH, OBE, FRS (Londres, 28 de outubro de 1912 — Oxford, 24 de julho de 2005) foi um fisiologista britânico. (pt) 威廉·理查·沙博·多爾爵士，CH, OBE, FRS（英語：Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll，1912年10月28日－2005年7月24日），英国科学家及流行病学家，與另一科學家奧斯汀·布拉德福德·希爾爵士一同被称为當代的「禁煙教父」。 (zh) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll CH OBE FRS (28 October 1912 – 24 July 2005) was a British physician who became an epidemiologist in the mid-20th century and made important contributions to that discipline. He was a pioneer in research linking smoking to health problems. With Ernst Wynder, Bradford Hill and Evarts Graham, he was credited with being the first to prove that smoking increased the risk of lung cancer and heart disease. (German studies had suggested a link as early as the 1920s but were forgotten or ignored until the 1990s.) (en) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll CH OBE FRS (28 Oktober 1912–24 Juli 2005) adalah seorang ahli fisiologi Inggris yang menjadi ahli epidemiologi pada abad ke-20, mengubah subjek ini menjadi ilmu yang sangat akurat. Ia merupakan pelopor dalam penelitian yang menghubungkan dengan masalah kesehatan. Bersama , , dan , ia dikreditkan sebagai orang pertama yang membuktikan bahwa merokok menyebabkan kanker paru-paru dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung. (Penelitian di Jerman telah menduga keterhubungan tersebut sejak tahun 1920-an, tetapi terlupakan atau diabaikan hingga tahun 1990-an.) Ia juga perintis dalam penelitian mengenai hubungan antara radiasi dengan leukemia, antara asbestos dengan kanker paru-paru, dan antara alkohol dengan kanker payudara. Pada tanggal 28 Juni 2012, ia menjadi subj (in) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (Londra, 28 ottobre 1912 – Oxford, 24 luglio 2005) è stato un medico, epidemiologo e fisiologo britannico. È stato un pioniere nella ricerca che indica il fumo come una causa di tumore. Pubblicò il primo studio sull'argomento nel 1950. Fu assieme a Austin Bradford Hill tra i pionieri dell'utilizzo del metodo statistico sperimentale nella sperimentazione clinica. Per il suo contributo all'epidemiologia dei tumori ha ottenuto moltissimi riconoscimenti: tra l'altro, è stato nominato baronetto e nel 2004 ha vinto il Premio Shaw. (it) Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (28 oktober 1912 – 24 juli 2005) was een Britse epidemioloog. Hij heeft een hoogleraarschap aan de Universiteit van Oxford gehad. Doll bewees dat roken longkanker veroorzaakt en het risico op hart- en vaatziekten vergroot. In de jaren veertig nam longkanker sterk toe. Algemeen weet men dit toen aan het asfalteren van wegen, uitlaatgassen en Röntgenapparatuur. In 1948 deed Doll een case-control studie met betrekking tot longkanker. Roken bleek de belangrijkste oorzaak van longkanker, en het risico op longkanker nam sterk toe met het aantal gerookte sigaretten. Hij stopte zelf met roken. In de eerste jaren werd zijn onderzoek nauwelijks geloofd, hoewel de Amerikaan Wynder en de Nederlander Willem Wassink vergelijkbare resultaten publiceerden. Later bleek dat h (nl) Sir Richard Doll, född 28 oktober 1912 i London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, död 24 juli 2005, var en brittisk läkare och cancerforskare, den förste som påvisade sambandet mellan rökning och lungcancer. Han studerade sedan läkares rökvanor och kom fram till att när man slutar röka minskar risken för cancer omedelbart. Han tilldelades Buchananmedaljen 1972. (sv) Уильям Ричард Шэбо Долл (англ. William Richard Shaboe Doll; 28 октября 1912 — 24 июля 2005) — британский физиолог и эпидемиолог. Провел масштабные научные исследования, которые установили прямую связь курения и состояния здоровья человека. Совместно с , и доказал, что курение вызывает рак лёгкого и увеличивает риск заболеваний сердца. Эта связь была обнаружена ранее в исследованиях, проведённых в Германии в 1930-х годах, однако работа не была широко известна в научных кругах. (ru) |
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ريتشارد دول (ar) Richard Doll (de) Richard Doll (in) Richard Doll (fr) Richard Doll (it) Richard Doll (nl) Richard Doll (en) Richard Doll (pt) Долл, Ричард (ru) Richard Doll (sv) 理查德·多尔 (zh) |
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