Richard Seddon (original) (raw)
- ريتشارد جون سيدون (22 يونيو 1845 - 10 يونيو 1906) هو سياسي من نيوزيلندا تسلم منصب رئيس الوزراء الخامس عشر لنيوزيلندا من عام 1893 حتى وفاته أي لمدة ثلاثة عشر عامًا وتعتبر مدة حكمه هي الأطول بين مدة حكم جميع الوزراء حتى الآن. ولد ريتشارد في إكليستون بالقرب من سانت هيلينز في لانكشاير التابعة لإنجلترا، وانتقل إلى نيوزيلندا في عام 1866 للانضمام إلى عمه في حقول الذهب في الساحل الغربي، برز ريتشارد في السياسة المحلية وهذا ما أهله لكسب مقعد في مجلس النواب عام 1879 وأصبح عضوًا رئيسيًا في الحزب الليبرالي تحت قيادة جون بالانس لكنه اختلف معه بشكل كبير بسبب تعارض أطباعه المحافظة مع تقدم أفكار بالانس، تسلم ريتشارد العديد من المناصب بما في ذلك وزير الأشغال العامة عندما وصلت الحكومة الليبرالية إلى السلطة عام 1891، وتمكن من التقدم بسرعة ليسيطر على الحزب الليبرالي بأكمله. نجح سيدون في قيادة الحزب الليبرالي بعد وفاة جون بالانس في عام 1893 بالإضافة إلى تطبيق قانون حق المرأة في الاقتراع على الرغم من معارضة ريتشارد له، حققت حكومة سيدون العديد من التغييرات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية مثل صرف معاشات كبار السن. تغلبت شعبية سيدون الشخصية وجاذبيته وقوته على معارضة الحكومة إذ وصف بأنه يؤسس قوة شعبية أثطلق عليها أسم (القوة السيدونية) وهو مصطلح عامي لأتباع ريتشارد سيدون من المحافظة القومية باعتباره الأيديولوجية السياسية المهيمنة في نيوزيلندا. فشلت محاولات ريتشارد لضم جزر فيجي مع نيوزيلندا لكنه نجح في محاولات ضم جزر كوك في عام 1901، كما دعمت حكومة سيدون بريطانيا بقوات في حرب البوير الثانية (1899-1902) ودعمت التجارة التفضيلية بين المستعمرات البريطانية. كان ريتشارد سيدون سياسيًا إقليميًا لأبعد الحدود إذ وصفه أستاذ التاريخ الراحل بجامعة فيكتوريا الدكتور هامر بأنه سياسي ضيق الأفق يهتم بمصلحة إقليم الساحل الغربي النيوزلندي ويقاتل من أجلها لكنه لا يولي أي اهتمام أو معرفة بمشاكل بقية نيوزلندا. بقي منزل سيدون في إقليم الساحل الغربي طوال فترة رئاسته للوزراء ومكث فيه ولم يأت إلى ويلينغتون بشكل منتظم إلا على مضض في أواخر تسعينيات القرن التاسع عشر. وصفه الآخرون أيضًا برجل تفكيره سري لأنه حارب القلق والاكتئاب بمفرده سرًا بشجاعة مطلقة وأخفى كفاحه الشخصي حتى لا يشعر أعدائه بالسعادة والانتصار. ألهم ريتشارد أعضاء حكومته لمدة طويلة على الرغم من مخاوفه الشخصية ووجهات نظره غير الليبرالية منذ تسلمه لقيادة الحزب الليبرالي وحتى وفاته، عانى الحزب بعد وفاته وكافح من أجل التعافي. عُرف سيمون بإسلوبه الاستبدادي وكانت تطلق عليه ألقاب ساخرة لأنه كان عنصريًا مع الصينيين ولكنه يُعتبر واحدًا من أعظم الشخصيات وأكثرها تأثيرًا بين السياسيين المعروفين في تاريخ نيوزيلندا. (ar)
- Richard John Seddon (* 22. Juni 1845 in ; † 10. Juni 1906 auf See), auch bekannt als King Dick, war der 15. Premierminister von Neuseeland und der mit der längsten Amtszeit. Er wird von einigen, darunter dem Historiker , als einer der größten politischen Führer Neuseelands angesehen. (de)
- Richard John Seddon (22 de junio de 1845 - 10 de junio de 1906), a veces conocido como Rey Dick, fue el Primer Ministro de Nueva Zelanda durante más tiempo en su cargo. Es considerado por algunos, incluyendo el historiador Keith Sinclair, como uno de los líderes políticos más grandes de Nueva Zelanda. (es)
- Richard John Seddon PC (22 June 1845 – 10 June 1906) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 15th premier (prime minister) of New Zealand from 1893 until his death. In office for thirteen years, he is to date New Zealand's longest-serving head of government. Seddon was born in Eccleston near St Helens, Lancashire, in England. He arrived in New Zealand in 1866 to join an uncle in the West Coast goldfields. His prominence in local politics gained him a seat in the House of Representatives in 1879. Seddon became a key member of the Liberal Party under the leadership of John Ballance, but differed from him greatly due to his conservativism clashing with Ballance's progressivism. When the Liberal Government came to power in 1891 Seddon was appointed to several portfolios, including Minister of Public Works. His natural leadership and confrontational manner, however, led him to quickly rise to become the man who would control the fate of the Liberal Party itself. Seddon succeeded to the leadership of the Liberal Party following Ballance's death in 1893, inheriting a bill for women's suffrage, which was passed the same year despite Seddon's opposition to it. Seddon's government achieved many social and economic changes, such as the introduction of old age pensions. His personal popularity, charisma and strength overcame dissent from within his cabinet, with Seddon defeating a leadership challenge from Robert Stout, a progressive longtime ally of the deceased Ballance who was himself Ballance's chosen successor. This has been described as firmly establishing "Seddonism", a colloquial term for Seddon's strand of nationalist conservatism, as New Zealand's dominant political ideology. His government also purchased vast amounts of land from the Māori, aided by his allies Alfred Cadman and James Carroll as the Ministers of Native Affairs. He spent the 1899 general election trying to relieve New Zealand's parliament of the independent politicians who had so greatly dominated the country's organised national politics since its provenance, in which he triumphed greatly. An imperialist in foreign policy, his attempt to incorporate Fiji into New Zealand failed, but he successfully annexed the Cook Islands in 1901. Seddon's government supported Britain with troops in the Second Boer War (1899–1902) and supported preferential trade between British colonies. Seddon was the second New Zealand head of government to die in office, after his predecessor Ballance. Seddon was regarded as deeply regionalist; the late Professor of History at Victoria University of Wellington, D.A. Hamer, described him as "an intensely parochial politician...a great fighter for the interests of West Coasters but with no interest in or knowledge about wider New Zealand problems". His heritage from the region defined him not only as a politician, but as a man; he became well-known for the "uncouth" stereotypes of the generally West Coast Pākehā population of the time, expressed in his lack of education, boisterous and aggressive persona, and his dialectal tendency to drop his aitches. Seddon continued to live on the West Coast of the South Island throughout his premiership, only coming to Wellington on a regular basis very reluctantly, from the late 1890s. Seddon was also described as a man of secret brooding, who secretly battled anxiety and depression beneath his public surface of rodomontade and bravado; he hid his personal struggles to ensure his enemies would not feel pleasure knowing they had hurt him. Despite his personal insecurities, dominating and almost illiberal viewpoints, and erratic nature, he inspired serious and long-lasting loyalty among his cabinet members. Leading the Liberal Party until his death, the party afterwards struggled to recover, going through a string of leaders before essentially giving way to New Zealand's modern two-party system of what would become the Labour and National Parties. Ironically, this was something Seddon had been instrumental in creating, through his successful attempt at suppressing New Zealand's previously dominant political cohort of independents. Despite being derisively known as "King Dick" for his autocratic style, and criticised for his actions on Māori land deprivation and his views on race (especially towards Chinese), he has nonetheless been named as one of the greatest, most influential, and most widely known politicians in New Zealand history. (en)
- Richard John Seddon (né le 2 juin 1845 à dans le Lancashire en Angleterre et mort le 10 juin 1906 en mer de Tasman) est un homme d'État néo-zélandais, quinzième Premier ministre de Nouvelle-Zélande du 27 avril 1893 à sa mort. Le « plus célèbre » premier ministre qu'ait connu le pays, il en « domine complètement » la vie politique à la fin du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe siècle. Ses treize ans à la tête de la Nouvelle-Zélande, rendus possibles par cinq victoires électorales consécutives, constituent un record inégalé. Initiateur de réformes sociales inédites dans l'Empire britannique, et par ailleurs fervent impérialiste, il améliore les conditions de vie et de travail des ouvriers, met en place les premières pensions de vieillesse, et établit un arbitrage des conflits sociaux qui favorise le plus souvent les employés. C'est le gouvernement Seddon qui, en 1893, fait de la Nouvelle-Zélande le premier pays au monde à accorder le droit de vote aux femmes - certes non sans hésitation. Enfin, c'est le gouvernement Seddon qui, avec l'accord du Royaume-Uni, établit les premières possessions coloniales de la Nouvelle-Zélande dans l'océan Pacifique, en annexant les îles Cook et Niue en 1901. Connu de son vivant sous le surnom King Dick (le « roi Richard »), en raison de sa présence et de son autorité, il demeure avec Michael Savage l'un des dirigeants les plus influents et les plus emblématiques de la Nouvelle-Zélande. (fr)
- Richard John Seddon (Eccleston (Merseyside) (Engeland), 22 juni 1845 – op zee, 10 juni 1906) was een Nieuw-Zeelands politicus. Hij was van 1893 tot 1906 premier van Nieuw-Zeeland. Daarmee was hij de langstzittende premier in de geschiedenis van het land. (nl)
- Richard Seddon (ur. 22 czerwca 1845 w Eccleston, zm. 10 czerwca 1906 na pokładzie statku płynącego z Australii do Nowej Zelandii) – polityk nowozelandzki, przez ponad trzynaście lat (1893–1906) pełnił funkcję premiera Nowej Zelandii, ustanawiając w ten sposób do dziś niepobity rekord najdłuższego sprawowania tego urzędu. Choć pochodził z nauczycielskiej rodziny, był dzieckiem sprawiającym duże kłopoty wychowawcze i już jako dwunastolatek zakończył edukację. Kolejne sześć lat spędził pracując dorywczo w hutach Liverpoolu, po czym wyemigrował do Australii. Tam początkowo pracował na kolei, a następnie bez większych sukcesów trudnił się wydobyciem złota. W 1866 przeniósł się na zachodnie wybrzeże nowozelandzkiej Wyspy Południowej. Tym razem udało mu się zarobić na złocie pieniądze, które zainwestował we własny sklep, a potem także pub. Karierę polityczną rozpoczął od zasiadania w Radzie Prowincji Westland. W 1876 przeprowadził się do górniczego miasteczka Kumara, a już po roku został wybrany na jego burmistrza. W 1879 (za drugim podejściem) został wybrany do parlamentu kolonii. Przez wiele lat Seddon odmawiał przyjęcia stanowiska rządowego – dopiero premier John Ballance zdołał przekonać go do wejścia do Gabinetu w roli ministra odpowiedzialnego za obronę, górnictwo i roboty publiczne. Seddon należał również do grona polityków zakładających Partię Liberalną. W 1892 Ballance poważnie zapadł na zdrowiu i poprosił Seddona o tymczasowe pokierowanie partią. Premier nie zamierzał czynić go jednak swoim następcą – w tej roli widział Roberta Stouta. Ballance czuł się coraz gorzej i zmarł w kwietniu 1893 roku. Ówczesny gubernator, , natychmiast mianował nowym premierem Seddona. Stout próbował odebrać mu władzę w wewnątrzpartyjnych wyborach, ale bez powodzenia. Jako premier Seddon okazał się przywódcą niezwykle silnym i nielubiącym dzielić się władzą (oprócz kierowania rządem, był jednocześnie ministrem finansów, edukacji, obrony, pracy, imigracji i spraw tubylców). Bardzo cenił lojalność i promował osoby ze swojego macierzystego regionu, co powodowało oskarżenia o nepotyzm. Położył podwaliny pod ustanowienie w Nowej Zelandii państwa opiekuńczego. Przegrał natomiast wewnątrzpartyjny spór o przyznanie praw wyborczych kobietom, czemu osobiście był przeciwny. Był gorącym zwolennikiem aktywnej roli Nowej Zelandii na forum imperium brytyjskiego, którego wówczas była częścią. Popierał II wojnę burską i chciał ustanowienia zwierzchnictwa swego kraju nad Samoa i Fidżi (w końcu musiał zadowolić się Wyspami Cooka). Sprawował władzę nieprzerwanie przez trzynaście lat, czego nie dokonał przed nim ani po nim żaden nowozelandzki premier. Wielu wzywało go do rezygnacji (jego najważniejszym rywalem stał się pochodzący z tej samej partii Joseph Ward), ale długo nic z tego nie wynikało. W końcu zadeklarował, że odejdzie po konferencji kolonialnej (spotkaniu szefów autonomicznych rządów dominiów i kolonii brytyjskich) w 1907 roku. Nie doczekał jednak tego wydarzenia – wracając drogą morską z wizyty w Australii, nagle zachorował i zmarł nim statek zdołał dobić do najbliższego brzegu. Został pochowany w Wellington, jego grób ozdobiono pokaźnym pomnikiem. Mandat parlamentarny przejął po nim jego syn Thomas. (pl)
- Richard John Seddon, född den 22 juni 1845 i Eccleston i Lancashire, England, död den 9 juni 1906 på resa mellan Sydney och Nya Zeeland, var en nyzeeländsk statsman. (sv)
- Ричард Джон Седдон (англ. Richard John Seddon; 22 июня 1845 — 10 июня 1906), иногда называемый Король Дик (англ. King Dick) — 15-й премьер-министр Новой Зеландии (1893—1906), который занимал этот пост дольше всех. Некоторые (в том числе историк Кейт Синклэр (англ. Keith Sinclair)) считают его одним из величайших лидеров Новой Зеландии. (ru)
- 理查德·塞登(英語:Richard J. Seddon,1845-1906),也被称为金·迪克(King Dick)。 1893-1906年任新西兰总理长达13年,是紐西蘭历史上任职时间最长的政府总理,他于1893年推动通过有关立法,使纽西兰成为世界上第一个给予妇女选举权的国家。他被视为纽西兰历史上最伟大的政治家之一。 {{Authority control}} (zh)
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- http://www.nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/richard-seddon-asleep
- http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-DruSedd.html
- http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/36002%7C
- http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/2s11/seddon-richard-john
- https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TO18970724.2.22%3Fend_date=31-12-1900&query=Seddon
- https://archive.org/details/newzealandlibera0000hame
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110724192652/http:/www.hitormiss.co.nz/index_files/Page929.htm
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- Richard John Seddon (* 22. Juni 1845 in ; † 10. Juni 1906 auf See), auch bekannt als King Dick, war der 15. Premierminister von Neuseeland und der mit der längsten Amtszeit. Er wird von einigen, darunter dem Historiker , als einer der größten politischen Führer Neuseelands angesehen. (de)
- Richard John Seddon (22 de junio de 1845 - 10 de junio de 1906), a veces conocido como Rey Dick, fue el Primer Ministro de Nueva Zelanda durante más tiempo en su cargo. Es considerado por algunos, incluyendo el historiador Keith Sinclair, como uno de los líderes políticos más grandes de Nueva Zelanda. (es)
- Richard John Seddon (Eccleston (Merseyside) (Engeland), 22 juni 1845 – op zee, 10 juni 1906) was een Nieuw-Zeelands politicus. Hij was van 1893 tot 1906 premier van Nieuw-Zeeland. Daarmee was hij de langstzittende premier in de geschiedenis van het land. (nl)
- Richard John Seddon, född den 22 juni 1845 i Eccleston i Lancashire, England, död den 9 juni 1906 på resa mellan Sydney och Nya Zeeland, var en nyzeeländsk statsman. (sv)
- Ричард Джон Седдон (англ. Richard John Seddon; 22 июня 1845 — 10 июня 1906), иногда называемый Король Дик (англ. King Dick) — 15-й премьер-министр Новой Зеландии (1893—1906), который занимал этот пост дольше всех. Некоторые (в том числе историк Кейт Синклэр (англ. Keith Sinclair)) считают его одним из величайших лидеров Новой Зеландии. (ru)
- 理查德·塞登(英語:Richard J. Seddon,1845-1906),也被称为金·迪克(King Dick)。 1893-1906年任新西兰总理长达13年,是紐西蘭历史上任职时间最长的政府总理,他于1893年推动通过有关立法,使纽西兰成为世界上第一个给予妇女选举权的国家。他被视为纽西兰历史上最伟大的政治家之一。 {{Authority control}} (zh)
- ريتشارد جون سيدون (22 يونيو 1845 - 10 يونيو 1906) هو سياسي من نيوزيلندا تسلم منصب رئيس الوزراء الخامس عشر لنيوزيلندا من عام 1893 حتى وفاته أي لمدة ثلاثة عشر عامًا وتعتبر مدة حكمه هي الأطول بين مدة حكم جميع الوزراء حتى الآن. فشلت محاولات ريتشارد لضم جزر فيجي مع نيوزيلندا لكنه نجح في محاولات ضم جزر كوك في عام 1901، كما دعمت حكومة سيدون بريطانيا بقوات في حرب البوير الثانية (1899-1902) ودعمت التجارة التفضيلية بين المستعمرات البريطانية. (ar)
- Richard John Seddon (né le 2 juin 1845 à dans le Lancashire en Angleterre et mort le 10 juin 1906 en mer de Tasman) est un homme d'État néo-zélandais, quinzième Premier ministre de Nouvelle-Zélande du 27 avril 1893 à sa mort. Le « plus célèbre » premier ministre qu'ait connu le pays, il en « domine complètement » la vie politique à la fin du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe siècle. Ses treize ans à la tête de la Nouvelle-Zélande, rendus possibles par cinq victoires électorales consécutives, constituent un record inégalé. Initiateur de réformes sociales inédites dans l'Empire britannique, et par ailleurs fervent impérialiste, il améliore les conditions de vie et de travail des ouvriers, met en place les premières pensions de vieillesse, et établit un arbitrage des conflits sociaux qui favori (fr)
- Richard John Seddon PC (22 June 1845 – 10 June 1906) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 15th premier (prime minister) of New Zealand from 1893 until his death. In office for thirteen years, he is to date New Zealand's longest-serving head of government. Despite being derisively known as "King Dick" for his autocratic style, and criticised for his actions on Māori land deprivation and his views on race (especially towards Chinese), he has nonetheless been named as one of the greatest, most influential, and most widely known politicians in New Zealand history. (en)
- Richard Seddon (ur. 22 czerwca 1845 w Eccleston, zm. 10 czerwca 1906 na pokładzie statku płynącego z Australii do Nowej Zelandii) – polityk nowozelandzki, przez ponad trzynaście lat (1893–1906) pełnił funkcję premiera Nowej Zelandii, ustanawiając w ten sposób do dziś niepobity rekord najdłuższego sprawowania tego urzędu. Został pochowany w Wellington, jego grób ozdobiono pokaźnym pomnikiem. Mandat parlamentarny przejął po nim jego syn Thomas. (pl)
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