Rigid airship (original) (raw)
Ztužená vzducholoď je vybavena kompletní kostrou, která zajišťuje zachování aerodynamického tvaru za všech okolností. Uvnitř tělesa vzducholodi jsou umístěny plynové vaky (plynové oddíly), které však nemají vliv na tvar vzducholodi. Proto se ztužená vzducholoď obejde bez balonetů. Ztužené vzducholodi byly největší létající stroje, které kdy byly vyrobeny.
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| dbo:abstract | Els dirigibles rígids són aeronaus amb un esquelet complet de bigues i puntals. Aquest marc defineix la forma exterior majoritàriament aerodinàmica del casc. A part de gairebé 120 zeppelins, uns 50 dirigibles rígids també van ser fabricats per altres fabricants. Moltes d'aquestes aeronaus es van estavellar poc després del seu viatge inaugural. Això va significar que els viatges en dirigible es van suspendre al llarg de la dècada de 1930, amb Alemanya que tenia el LZ 130, l'últim gran dirigible rígid, en funcionament fins al 1939. (ca) Ztužená vzducholoď je vybavena kompletní kostrou, která zajišťuje zachování aerodynamického tvaru za všech okolností. Uvnitř tělesa vzducholodi jsou umístěny plynové vaky (plynové oddíly), které však nemají vliv na tvar vzducholodi. Proto se ztužená vzducholoď obejde bez balonetů. Ztužené vzducholodi byly největší létající stroje, které kdy byly vyrobeny. (cs) Ένα άκαμπτο αερόπλοιο είναι τύπος αερόπλοιου (ή πηδαλιουχούμενου), στο οποίο το κάλυμμα υποστηρίζεται από εσωτερικό πλαίσιο αντί να διατηρείται στη θέση του από την πίεση του που βρίσκεται εντός αυτού, όπως συμβαίνει στα μικρά αερόστατα και τα ημιάκαμπτα αερόπλοια. Τα άκαμπτα αερόπλοια ονομάζονται συχνά Ζέπελιν, αν και ο όρος αυτός αναφέρεται τεχνικά αποκλειστικά στα αερόπλοια που κατασκεύασε η εταιρεία . Τα άκαμπτα αερόπλοια κατασκευάστηκαν και χρησιμοποιήθηκαν με επιτυχία από τις αρχές της δεκαετίας του 1900 έως τα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 1930. Η περίοδος ακμής τους ολοκληρώθηκε όταν το αερόπλοιο έπιασε φωτιά στις 6 Μαΐου 1937. (el) Starrluftschiffe sind Luftschiffe mit einem kompletten Skelett aus Trägern und Streben. Dieses Gerüst gibt die äußere zumeist aerodynamische Form des Schiffskörpers vor. Neben den knapp 120 Zeppelinen wurden auch rund 50 Starrluftschiffe von anderen Herstellern gefertigt. Viele dieser Luftschiffe verunglückten schon kurze Zeit nach ihrer Jungfernfahrt. Dies führte dazu, dass die Luftschifffahrt im Laufe der 1930er Jahre eingestellt wurde, wobei Deutschland mit dem LZ 130 das letzte große Starrluftschiff noch bis 1939 in Betrieb hatte. (de) A rigid airship is a type of airship (or dirigible) in which the envelope is supported by an internal framework rather than by being kept in shape by the pressure of the lifting gas within the envelope, as in blimps (also called pressure airships) and semi-rigid airships. Rigid airships are often commonly called Zeppelins, though this technically refers only to airships built by the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin company. In 1900, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin successfully performed the maiden flight of his first airship; further models quickly followed. Prior to the First World War, Germany was a world leader in the field, largely attributable to the work of von Zeppelin and his Luftschiffbau Zeppelin company. During the conflict, rigid airships were tasked with various military duties, which included their participation in Germany's strategic bombing campaign. Numerous rigid airships were produced and employed with relative commercial success between the 1900s and the late 1930s. The heyday of the rigid airship was abruptly ended by the destruction of the Hindenburg by fire on 6 May 1937. The disaster not only destroyed the biggest zeppelin in the world but caused considerable reputation damage to rigid airships in general. Amid widespread public safety concerns, several nations opted to permanently ground their existing rigid airships and scrap them in subsequent years. (en) 경식비행선(硬式飛行船, rigid airship)은 비행선의 일종으로서, 외부 뼈대를 만들고 그 뼈대 안에 을 채우는 방식의 비행선이다. 연식비행선이나 반경식비행선이 기낭의 내부압으로 모양을 유지하는 반면, 경식비행선은 뼈대가 모양을 유지하기에 기낭 한두 개에서 기체를 뽑아도 전체 모양이 유지되고, 보다 견고하다. 일반적으로 경식비행선은 체펠린 비행선과 거의 동의어로 사용되지만, 정확히는 체펠린 비행선은 독일의 체펠린 비행조선 회사에서 제조한 비행선만을 일컫는 것이다. 독일 이외의 다른 나라들에서도 경식비행선은 만들어졌고, 엄밀히 따지면 이런 비독일 경식비행선들은 체펠린 비행선은 아니다. 경식비행선은 1900년대에서 1930년대 사이가 전성기였다. 1937년 5월 6일 힌덴부르크 참사 이후로는 사양세로 접어들어 현재까지 재기하지 못하고 있다. (ko) Sterowiec szkieletowy – rodzaj aerostatu z silnikiem, którego szkielet kadłuba jest wykonany z drewna (dawniej) lub duraluminium (później), po czym pokryty specjalną powłoką, powlekaną od zewnątrz substancjami zapewniającymi dużą gładkość powierzchni oraz odporność na promieniowanie słoneczne i wilgoć. (pl) Жёсткий дирижа́бль — тип дирижабля, основной особенностью которого являлось распределение несущего газа по отдельным замкнутым отсекам, размещённым внутри обтянутого тканью металлического (реже — деревянного) каркаса, воспринимавшего все нагрузки и избавлявшего от необходимости поддерживать посредством баллонетов избыточное давление несущего газа (в отличие от дирижаблей мягкой и полужёсткой систем). Воздушные корабли этого типа являлись наиболее крупными дирижаблями: некоторые из них достигали в длину почти четверти километра и имели максимальный диаметр более 40 метров. Всего с конца XIX века до конца 1930-х годов было построено около 160 жёстких дирижаблей: полтора десятка в Великобритании, 3 в США, 1 во Франции, остальные в Германии. В 1897 году был создан единственный жёсткий дирижабль с металлической обшивкой — небольшой дирижабль Д. Шварца. Иногда всякий жёсткий дирижабль не совсем точно называют цеппелином. (ru) 硬式飛船（Rigid Airship）是指外形主要是以內建的框架來支撐住的飞艇，次要的支撐則和軟式飛船與半硬式飛船相同來自內裝氣體的壓力。最著名的硬式飛船種類是齊柏林飛船。 硬式飛船盛行於1900年代至1930年代晚期，在興登堡號起火後開始退流行。1900年，费迪南德·冯·齐柏林伯爵成功地完成了他的第一艘飞艇的首航；随后很快就有了更多的型号。在第一次世界大战之前，德国在该领域处于世界领先地位，这主要归功于齐柏林和他的Luftschiffbau Zeppelin公司的工作。硬质飞艇被赋予了各种军事任务，包括德国的战略轰炸行动。 (zh) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://web.archive.org/web/20080625092752/http:/biblion.epfl.ch/EPFL/theses/2004/2986/EPFL_TH2986_app_screen.pdf https://archive.org/details/roleoftechnology00brad https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=EiEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA85&dq=Popular+Science+1933+plane+%22Popular+Science%22&hl=en&ei=6YNiTYP7MoP98AbvtfXRCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAjg8%23v=onepage&q&f=true https://web.archive.org/web/20080625092823/http:/biblion.epfl.ch/EPFL/theses/2004/2986/EPFL_TH2986_screen.pdf http://www.airships.net |
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| rdfs:comment | Ztužená vzducholoď je vybavena kompletní kostrou, která zajišťuje zachování aerodynamického tvaru za všech okolností. Uvnitř tělesa vzducholodi jsou umístěny plynové vaky (plynové oddíly), které však nemají vliv na tvar vzducholodi. Proto se ztužená vzducholoď obejde bez balonetů. Ztužené vzducholodi byly největší létající stroje, které kdy byly vyrobeny. (cs) Starrluftschiffe sind Luftschiffe mit einem kompletten Skelett aus Trägern und Streben. Dieses Gerüst gibt die äußere zumeist aerodynamische Form des Schiffskörpers vor. Neben den knapp 120 Zeppelinen wurden auch rund 50 Starrluftschiffe von anderen Herstellern gefertigt. Viele dieser Luftschiffe verunglückten schon kurze Zeit nach ihrer Jungfernfahrt. Dies führte dazu, dass die Luftschifffahrt im Laufe der 1930er Jahre eingestellt wurde, wobei Deutschland mit dem LZ 130 das letzte große Starrluftschiff noch bis 1939 in Betrieb hatte. (de) 경식비행선(硬式飛行船, rigid airship)은 비행선의 일종으로서, 외부 뼈대를 만들고 그 뼈대 안에 을 채우는 방식의 비행선이다. 연식비행선이나 반경식비행선이 기낭의 내부압으로 모양을 유지하는 반면, 경식비행선은 뼈대가 모양을 유지하기에 기낭 한두 개에서 기체를 뽑아도 전체 모양이 유지되고, 보다 견고하다. 일반적으로 경식비행선은 체펠린 비행선과 거의 동의어로 사용되지만, 정확히는 체펠린 비행선은 독일의 체펠린 비행조선 회사에서 제조한 비행선만을 일컫는 것이다. 독일 이외의 다른 나라들에서도 경식비행선은 만들어졌고, 엄밀히 따지면 이런 비독일 경식비행선들은 체펠린 비행선은 아니다. 경식비행선은 1900년대에서 1930년대 사이가 전성기였다. 1937년 5월 6일 힌덴부르크 참사 이후로는 사양세로 접어들어 현재까지 재기하지 못하고 있다. (ko) Sterowiec szkieletowy – rodzaj aerostatu z silnikiem, którego szkielet kadłuba jest wykonany z drewna (dawniej) lub duraluminium (później), po czym pokryty specjalną powłoką, powlekaną od zewnątrz substancjami zapewniającymi dużą gładkość powierzchni oraz odporność na promieniowanie słoneczne i wilgoć. (pl) 硬式飛船（Rigid Airship）是指外形主要是以內建的框架來支撐住的飞艇，次要的支撐則和軟式飛船與半硬式飛船相同來自內裝氣體的壓力。最著名的硬式飛船種類是齊柏林飛船。 硬式飛船盛行於1900年代至1930年代晚期，在興登堡號起火後開始退流行。1900年，费迪南德·冯·齐柏林伯爵成功地完成了他的第一艘飞艇的首航；随后很快就有了更多的型号。在第一次世界大战之前，德国在该领域处于世界领先地位，这主要归功于齐柏林和他的Luftschiffbau Zeppelin公司的工作。硬质飞艇被赋予了各种军事任务，包括德国的战略轰炸行动。 (zh) Ένα άκαμπτο αερόπλοιο είναι τύπος αερόπλοιου (ή πηδαλιουχούμενου), στο οποίο το κάλυμμα υποστηρίζεται από εσωτερικό πλαίσιο αντί να διατηρείται στη θέση του από την πίεση του που βρίσκεται εντός αυτού, όπως συμβαίνει στα μικρά αερόστατα και τα ημιάκαμπτα αερόπλοια. Τα άκαμπτα αερόπλοια ονομάζονται συχνά Ζέπελιν, αν και ο όρος αυτός αναφέρεται τεχνικά αποκλειστικά στα αερόπλοια που κατασκεύασε η εταιρεία . (el) A rigid airship is a type of airship (or dirigible) in which the envelope is supported by an internal framework rather than by being kept in shape by the pressure of the lifting gas within the envelope, as in blimps (also called pressure airships) and semi-rigid airships. Rigid airships are often commonly called Zeppelins, though this technically refers only to airships built by the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin company. (en) Жёсткий дирижа́бль — тип дирижабля, основной особенностью которого являлось распределение несущего газа по отдельным замкнутым отсекам, размещённым внутри обтянутого тканью металлического (реже — деревянного) каркаса, воспринимавшего все нагрузки и избавлявшего от необходимости поддерживать посредством баллонетов избыточное давление несущего газа (в отличие от дирижаблей мягкой и полужёсткой систем). (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Dirigible rígid (ca) Ztužená vzducholoď (cs) Starrluftschiff (de) Άκαμπτο αερόπλοιο (el) 경식비행선 (ko) Sterowiec szkieletowy (pl) Rigid airship (en) Жёсткий дирижабль (ru) 硬式飛船 (zh) |
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