Robert Hanssen (original) (raw)
Robert Philip Hanssen (* 18. April 1944 in Chicago, Illinois) ist ein US-amerikanischer Doppelagent und ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des FBI, der über einen Zeitraum von mehr als 20 Jahren als Agent für die Sowjetunion und später für Russland in den USA tätig war. Er arbeitete unter anderem als Aufklärungsexperte in der FBI-Abteilung für Spionageabwehr.
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| dbo:abstract | Robert Philip Hanssen (* 18. dubna 1944 Chicago) je bývalý americký agent FBI a špión více než 20 let pracující pro Sovětský svaz a Rusko. Od roku 2001, kdy byl dopaden, je doživotně odsouzen bez možnosti propuštění v coloradské věznici ADX Florence s nejvyšší ochranou (označovanou jako supermax), v níž tráví dvacet tři hodin denně na samotce. Dopaden byl v neděli 18. února 2001 v parku Foxstone Park blízko jeho domova ve . Následně byl obviněn z předávání amerických tajných dokumentů Moskvě nejméně od roku 1979. V hotovosti byly zajištěny finanční prostředky ve výši přes 1,4 miliónu dolarů a diamanty. Dne 6. července 2001 přiznal vinu, čímž se vyhnul trestu smrti. V procesu byl odsouzen k doživotnímu trestu a jeho výzvědná činnost byla označena za „pravděpodobně nejhorší zpravodajskou katastrofu v dějinách USA.“ Poslední fázi špionáže a jeho zatčení zachytil americký thriller z roku 2007 nazvaný Osudové selhání. Postavu Hanssena ztvárnil herec Chris Cooper. (cs) روبرت فيليب هانسن (بالإنجليزية: Robert Hanssen) (من مواليد 18 أبريل 1944) هو عميل سابق لمكتب التحقيقات الفدرالي (FBI) كان يتجسس لصالح المخابرات السوفيتية والروسية ضد الولايات المتحدة من 1979 إلى 2001. وقد وصفت وزارة العدل التجسس بأنه «ربما أسوأ كارثة استخباراتية في تاريخ الولايات المتحدة». وحكم عليه 15 مرة بالسجن مدى الحياة. يقضي حكمه في سجن إيه دي إكس فلورنس، وهو سجن فدرالي شديد الحراسة، بالقرب من فلورنسا، كولورادو. في عام 1979، بعد ثلاث سنوات من انضمامه إلى مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي، عرض هانسن خدماته لأحد موظفي دائرة المخابرات السوفيتية الرئيسية (GRU) «والذي كان ملحقا بالسفارة السوفيتية في واشنطن تحت منصب صوري»، وأطلق أول دورة تجسس، والتي استمرت حتى عام 1981. استأنف هانسن أنشطة التجسس في عام 1985 واستمرت حتى عام 1991 عندما قطع الاتصالات خلال انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي، خوفا من أن يكشف. أعاد الاتصالات في العام التالي واستمر حتى اعتقاله. طوال فترة التجسس، ظل هانسن مجهول الهوية للروس. باع هانسن آلاف الوثائق السرية للاستخبارات الروسية التي تفصّل الاستراتيجيات الأمريكية في حالة الحرب النووية، والتطورات في تقنيات الأسلحة العسكرية، وجوانب من برنامج مكافحة التجسس الأمريكي. كان يتجسس في نفس الوقت مع ريك ايمز «الموظف في وكالة المخابرات المركزية (CIA)». سلم الاثنان أسماء عملاء المخابرات السوفياتية الذين يعملون سرا للولايات المتحدة، وتم إعدام بعضهم لخيانتهم. وكشف هانسن أيضًا عن نفق تنصت بملايين الدولارات بناه مكتب التحقيقات الفدرالي تحت السفارة السوفيتية في واشنطن. بعد اعتقال ايمز في عام 1994، ظلت بعض هذه الانتهاكات الاستخباراتية دون حل. دفع مكتب التحقيقات الفدرالي 7 ملايين دولار إلى عميل استخباراتي روسي للحصول على ملف تتعلق بعميل مزدوج يعمل لصالح الروس، ومن خلال الملفات، تعرف مكتب التحقيقات الفيدرالي على هانسن من خلال بصمات الأصابع وتحليل الصوت. تم القبض على هانسن في 18 فبراير 2001، في فوكستون بارك بالقرب من منزله في فيينا، فرجينيا بعد تركه لحزمة من الملفات السرية في موقع تسليم متفق عليه مع الروس. وقد اتُهم ببيع وثائق استخبارات أمريكية إلى الاتحاد السوفييتي ومن ثم روسيا مقابل أكثر من 1.4 مليون دولار نقدًا ومجوهرات على مدار 22 عامًا. لتجنب عقوبة الإعدام، اعترف بأنه مذنب في 14 تهمة بالتجسس وواحدة من التآمر لارتكاب التجسس. وحكم عليه بالسجن المؤبد 15 مرة دون إمكانية الإفراج المشروط. (ar) Robert Philip Hanssen (* 18. April 1944 in Chicago, Illinois) ist ein US-amerikanischer Doppelagent und ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des FBI, der über einen Zeitraum von mehr als 20 Jahren als Agent für die Sowjetunion und später für Russland in den USA tätig war. Er arbeitete unter anderem als Aufklärungsexperte in der FBI-Abteilung für Spionageabwehr. (de) Robert Philip Hanssen (18 de abril de 1944) es un exagente estadounidense del FBI que espió para la Unión Soviética (y posteriormente para la Rusia post-comunista) durante más de veinte años. Hanssen fue finalmente arrestado el 18 de febrero de 2001 en el Foxstone Park, cercano a su casa suburbana de la localidad de Vienna (estado de Virginia), acusado de haber vendido, durante un extendido período de veintidós años, secretos estadounidenses a la URSS, y luego de la caída de esta, a la Rusia post-comunista. De esa manera, habría obtenido una ganancia personal neta de más de 1,4 millones de dólares, entre dinero en efectivo y diamantes. A pesar del hecho de haber revelado a la URSS información de seguridad muy sensible, los fiscales federales acordaron no pedir la pena de muerte para él, a cambio de que se declarase culpable de quince cargos de espionaje y conspiración, lo que ocurrió el 6 de julio de 2001. Posteriormente, resultaría condenado a cadena perpetua, sin la posibilidad de aspirar a una eventual libertad condicional (parole) en el futuro. Se encuentra cumpliendo la pena en un régimen de aislamiento total durante 23 horas al día, en ADX Florence, una penitenciaria federal del tipo Supermax, cerca de la localidad de Florence, en el estado de Colorado. Sus actividades han sido descritas como «posiblemente el peor desastre de inteligencia en la historia de los Estados Unidos». (es) Robert Philip Hanssen, né le 18 avril 1944 à Chicago aux États-Unis, est un agent spécial du FBI, condamné en 2002 à la prison à vie pour espionnage au profit de l'URSS et de la Russie. (fr) Robert Philip Hanssen (born April 18, 1944) is an American former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) double agent who spied for Soviet and Russian intelligence services against the United States from 1979 to 2001. His espionage was described by the Department of Justice as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history." Hanssen is currently serving 15 consecutive life sentences without parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. In 1979, three years after joining the FBI, Hanssen approached the Soviet Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU) to offer his services, beginning his first espionage cycle, lasting until 1981. He restarted his espionage activities in 1985 and continued until 1991 when he ended communications during the collapse of the Soviet Union, fearing he would be exposed. Hanssen restarted communications the next year and continued until his arrest. Throughout his spying, Hanssen remained anonymous to the Russians. Hanssen sold thousands of classified documents to the KGB that detailed U.S. strategies in the event of nuclear war, developments in military weapons technologies, and aspects of the U.S. counterintelligence program. He was spying at the same time as Aldrich Ames in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Both Ames and Hanssen compromised the names of KGB agents working secretly for the U.S., some of whom were executed for their betrayal. Hanssen also revealed a multimillion-dollar eavesdropping tunnel built by the FBI under the Soviet Embassy. After Ames's arrest in 1994, some of these intelligence breaches still remained unsolved. The FBI paid 7milliontoaKGBagenttoobtainafileonananonymousmole,whomtheFBIlateridentifiedasHanssenthroughfingerprintandvoiceanalysis.HanssenwasarrestedonFebruary18,2001atFoxstonePark,nearhishomeintheWashington,D.C.,suburbofVienna,Virginia,afterleavingapackageofclassifiedmaterialsatadeaddropsite.HewaschargedwithsellingU.S.intelligencedocumentstotheSovietUnionandsubsequentlyRussiaformorethan7 million to a KGB agent to obtain a file on an anonymous mole, whom the FBI later identified as Hanssen through fingerprint and voice analysis. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001 at Foxstone Park, near his home in the Washington, D.C., suburb of Vienna, Virginia, after leaving a package of classified materials at a dead drop site. He was charged with selling U.S. intelligence documents to the Soviet Union and subsequently Russia for more than 7milliontoaKGBagenttoobtainafileonananonymousmole,whomtheFBIlateridentifiedasHanssenthroughfingerprintandvoiceanalysis.HanssenwasarrestedonFebruary18,2001atFoxstonePark,nearhishomeintheWashington,D.C.,suburbofVienna,Virginia,afterleavingapackageofclassifiedmaterialsatadeaddropsite.HewaschargedwithsellingU.S.intelligencedocumentstotheSovietUnionandsubsequentlyRussiaformorethan1.4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period. To avoid the death penalty, Hanssen pleaded guilty to 14 counts of espionage and one of conspiracy to commit espionage. He was sentenced to 15 life terms without the possibility of parole. (en) Robert Philip Hanssen (Chicago, 18 aprile 1944) è un ex agente segreto statunitense. Fu un agente doppiogiochista dell'FBI che per oltre 20 anni ha spiato gli Stati Uniti per conto del KGB. Nonostante il fatto che avesse rivelato informazioni altamente riservate e sensibili per la sicurezza nazionale, i pubblici ministeri federali hanno deciso di non chiedere la pena di morte in cambio della sua ammissione di colpevolezza per i 15 capi d'imputazione legati a motivi di spionaggio e cospirazione. La sua attività è stata definita come "probabilmente il peggior disastro nella storia dell'intelligence statunitense". Alla sua storia sono ispirati i film Breach - L'infiltrato e Master Spy: The Robert Hanssen Story con William Hurt (TV, 2002). (it) Robert Philip Hanssen (Chicago, 18 april 1944) is een voormalig Amerikaans FBI-agent die van 1979 tot 2001 voor de KGB, en later voor de Dienst Buitenlandse Veiligheid van Rusland gespioneerd heeft. Hij zit levenslang vast in de Supermax beveiligde United States Penitentiary Administrative Maximum Facility Florence (ADX Florence), waar hij 23 uur per dag in een isoleercel zit. (nl) Robert (Philip) Hanssen (ur. 18 kwietnia 1944 w Chicago) – funkcjonariusz Federalnego Biura Śledczego (FBI), który współpracował z radzieckim wywiadem wojskowym GRU w 1979 roku, następnie z radzieckim wywiadem zagranicznym, Pierwszym Zarządem Głównym KGB (po 1991 ze Służbą Wywiadu Zagranicznego Federacji Rosyjskiej) od 1985 do lutego 2001 roku. Aresztowany 18 lutego 2001 roku, po szybkim procesie sądowym został skazany na dożywotnie więzienie. Jego historia została zekranizowana w dwóch filmach: w 2007 roku w filmie „Ściśle tajne” (inny tytuł „Zapaść”; oryg. Breach), w którym w rolę Hannsena wcielił się Chris Cooper oraz w 2002 roku w filmie „As wywiadu – historia Roberta Hanssena” (oryg. Master Spy: The Robert Hanssen Story) gdzie rolę Hannsena powierzono Williamowi Hurtowi. (pl) Robert Philip Hanssen (18 de abril de 1944) é um ex agente do Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) que espionou para a União Soviética e depois para a Rússia contra os Estados Unidos, de 1979 a 2001. Suas ações de espionagem foram descritas pelo Departamento de Justiça dos Estados Unidos como "possivelmente o pior desastre de inteligência na história americana". Atualmente, ele está servindo quinze sentenças consecutivas de prisão perpétua no ADX Florence, um presídio federal de segurança máxima, em Florence, Colorado. Hanssen nasceu em Chicago. Seu pai, um policial, era emocionalmente abusivo para com ele durante sua infância. Em 1968 Hanssen se casou com Bonnie, uma mulher católica. Ele se converteu ao catolicismo e se tornou envolvido com a organização conservadora Opus Dei. Ele flutuou entre diferentes atividades acadêmicas e empregos comuns antes de ir trabalhar para o FBI em 1976. Três anos após se juntar a polícia federal americana, Hanssen entrou em contato com o GRU (departamento de inteligência do exército russo) para oferecer seus serviços, vendendo informações para os soviéticos até 1981. Segundo Hanssen, sua traição não foi feita por motivos políticos ou ideológicos, mas apenas financeiros. Após quatro anos, em 1985, ele voltou a vender informações secretas para Moscou, desta vez até 1991 quando ele cortou as comunicações com a inteligência russa após o colapso da União Soviética, temendo ser exposto. No ano seguinte, ele contactou então o novo governo russo e retomou suas atividades. Durante todas as suas ações de espionagem, vendendo informações secretas, Hanssen nunca divulgou sua real identidade para os russos e não contactava intermediários pessoalmente. Hanssen vendeu milhares de documentos secretos de inteligência para a KGB que detalhavam a estratégia americana em caso de guerra nuclear, desenvolvimento de tecnologia armamentista e vários aspectos do programa de contra-inteligência dos americanos. Suas atividades de espionagem aconteceram ao mesmo tempo que as de , um outro americano e agente da CIA, que também vendia informações aos russos. Tanto as ações de Ames quanto as de Hanssen levaram a diversas mortes, com eles denunciando os nomes de vários agentes dos serviços de inteligência soviéticos que faziam espionagem para os Estados Unidos. Entre as informações que ele revelou estava a identidade de , um general e agente da inteligência russa, que trabalhava para o GRU e vendia informações secretas para os americanos. Dmitri foi preso e executado pela KGB em 1988. Robert Hanssen também revelou aos soviéticos um túnel (que custou milhões para ser feito) que o FBI estava construindo sob a embaixada soviética em Washington. Após Aldrich Ames ser preso em 1994, a inteligência americana acreditava que ainda havia outro espião já que alguns casos de quebras de segurança permaneciam não resolvidos. O FBI pagou US$ 7 milhões de dólares a um agente da KGB para que ele obtivesse informações sobre pessoas fazendo espionagem para os russos. Embora o nome de Hanssen não tivesse aparecido, sua impressão digital e voz foram coletadas, o que permitiu uma identificação exata. O FBI colocou então Hanssen sob vigilância constante e apontaram para ele um assistente, Eric O'Neill, que tinha a missão de supervisiona-lo e tentar obter provas de sua traição. Não demorou e o serviço de contra-inteligência dos Estados Unidos identificou o modus operandi de Hanssen e começaram a montar um caso contra ele. Embora Robert soubesse que provavelmente estava sendo investigado, o que o levou a diminuir suas ações, ele permaneceu vendendo dados secretos aos russos. Hanssen foi finalmente preso em 18 de fevereiro de 2001, em Foxstone Park, próximo de sua casa em Vienna, Virgínia, após fazer uma entrega de dados sigilosos. Ao ser capturado, Hanssen teria dito aos agentes que o cercavam "Por que demoraram tanto?". Preso em flagrante, ele foi acusado formalmente de vender dados de inteligência para a União Soviética e para a Rússia por um valor de US$ 1,4 milhões de dólares em dinheiro e diamantes, durante um período de 22 anos. Para evitar ser executado por traição, Hanssen se declarou culpado de 14 acusações de espionagem e uma de conspiração para cometer espionagem. Ele afirmou que estava arrependido e foi motivado exclusivamente por interesses financeiros e lamentou que suas ações resultaram em mortes. Robert Hanssen foi condenado a quinze sentenças de prisão perpétua sem possibilidade de condicional. (pt) Роберт Филип Ханссен (англ. Robert Philip Hanssen, род. 18 апреля 1944) — агент ФБР, осуждённый за шпионаж в пользу СССР и России и приговорённый к пожизненному заключению. Ханссен сотрудничал с советской и российской разведкой с 1979 года до своего ареста в 2001 году. Следствию удалось доказать 13 эпизодов шпионажа. (ru) |
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| dbp:agency | dbr:FBI |
| dbp:allegiance | (en) |
| dbp:almaMater | dbr:Northwestern_University dbr:Knox_College_(Illinois) (en) |
| dbp:birthDate | 1944-04-18 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:birthName | Robert Philip Hanssen (en) |
| dbp:birthPlace | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. (en) |
| dbp:caption | Hanssen in 2001 (en) |
| dbp:children | 6 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:codename | Ramon Garcia, Jim Baker, G. Robertson, Graysuit, "B" (en) |
| dbp:criminalCharge | and (en) |
| dbp:criminalPenalty | 15 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:criminalStatus | Incarcerated at ADX Florence (en) |
| dbp:date | 2005-04-16 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:name | Robert Hanssen (en) |
| dbp:occupation | Former FBI agent (en) |
| dbp:parents | (en) Howard Hanssen (en) Vivian Hanssen (en) |
| dbp:serviceyears | 1976 (xsd:integer) (en) |
| dbp:spouse | 1968 (xsd:integer) (en) Bernadette "Bonnie" Wauck (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Robert Philip Hanssen (* 18. April 1944 in Chicago, Illinois) ist ein US-amerikanischer Doppelagent und ehemaliger Mitarbeiter des FBI, der über einen Zeitraum von mehr als 20 Jahren als Agent für die Sowjetunion und später für Russland in den USA tätig war. Er arbeitete unter anderem als Aufklärungsexperte in der FBI-Abteilung für Spionageabwehr. (de) Robert Philip Hanssen, né le 18 avril 1944 à Chicago aux États-Unis, est un agent spécial du FBI, condamné en 2002 à la prison à vie pour espionnage au profit de l'URSS et de la Russie. (fr) Robert Philip Hanssen (Chicago, 18 april 1944) is een voormalig Amerikaans FBI-agent die van 1979 tot 2001 voor de KGB, en later voor de Dienst Buitenlandse Veiligheid van Rusland gespioneerd heeft. Hij zit levenslang vast in de Supermax beveiligde United States Penitentiary Administrative Maximum Facility Florence (ADX Florence), waar hij 23 uur per dag in een isoleercel zit. (nl) Роберт Филип Ханссен (англ. Robert Philip Hanssen, род. 18 апреля 1944) — агент ФБР, осуждённый за шпионаж в пользу СССР и России и приговорённый к пожизненному заключению. Ханссен сотрудничал с советской и российской разведкой с 1979 года до своего ареста в 2001 году. Следствию удалось доказать 13 эпизодов шпионажа. (ru) روبرت فيليب هانسن (بالإنجليزية: Robert Hanssen) (من مواليد 18 أبريل 1944) هو عميل سابق لمكتب التحقيقات الفدرالي (FBI) كان يتجسس لصالح المخابرات السوفيتية والروسية ضد الولايات المتحدة من 1979 إلى 2001. وقد وصفت وزارة العدل التجسس بأنه «ربما أسوأ كارثة استخباراتية في تاريخ الولايات المتحدة». وحكم عليه 15 مرة بالسجن مدى الحياة. يقضي حكمه في سجن إيه دي إكس فلورنس، وهو سجن فدرالي شديد الحراسة، بالقرب من فلورنسا، كولورادو. (ar) Robert Philip Hanssen (* 18. dubna 1944 Chicago) je bývalý americký agent FBI a špión více než 20 let pracující pro Sovětský svaz a Rusko. Od roku 2001, kdy byl dopaden, je doživotně odsouzen bez možnosti propuštění v coloradské věznici ADX Florence s nejvyšší ochranou (označovanou jako supermax), v níž tráví dvacet tři hodin denně na samotce. Poslední fázi špionáže a jeho zatčení zachytil americký thriller z roku 2007 nazvaný Osudové selhání. Postavu Hanssena ztvárnil herec Chris Cooper. (cs) Robert Philip Hanssen (18 de abril de 1944) es un exagente estadounidense del FBI que espió para la Unión Soviética (y posteriormente para la Rusia post-comunista) durante más de veinte años. Hanssen fue finalmente arrestado el 18 de febrero de 2001 en el Foxstone Park, cercano a su casa suburbana de la localidad de Vienna (estado de Virginia), acusado de haber vendido, durante un extendido período de veintidós años, secretos estadounidenses a la URSS, y luego de la caída de esta, a la Rusia post-comunista. De esa manera, habría obtenido una ganancia personal neta de más de 1,4 millones de dólares, entre dinero en efectivo y diamantes. (es) Robert Philip Hanssen (born April 18, 1944) is an American former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) double agent who spied for Soviet and Russian intelligence services against the United States from 1979 to 2001. His espionage was described by the Department of Justice as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history." Hanssen is currently serving 15 consecutive life sentences without parole at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado. (en) Robert Philip Hanssen (Chicago, 18 aprile 1944) è un ex agente segreto statunitense. Fu un agente doppiogiochista dell'FBI che per oltre 20 anni ha spiato gli Stati Uniti per conto del KGB. Nonostante il fatto che avesse rivelato informazioni altamente riservate e sensibili per la sicurezza nazionale, i pubblici ministeri federali hanno deciso di non chiedere la pena di morte in cambio della sua ammissione di colpevolezza per i 15 capi d'imputazione legati a motivi di spionaggio e cospirazione. (it) Robert (Philip) Hanssen (ur. 18 kwietnia 1944 w Chicago) – funkcjonariusz Federalnego Biura Śledczego (FBI), który współpracował z radzieckim wywiadem wojskowym GRU w 1979 roku, następnie z radzieckim wywiadem zagranicznym, Pierwszym Zarządem Głównym KGB (po 1991 ze Służbą Wywiadu Zagranicznego Federacji Rosyjskiej) od 1985 do lutego 2001 roku. Aresztowany 18 lutego 2001 roku, po szybkim procesie sądowym został skazany na dożywotnie więzienie. (pl) Robert Philip Hanssen (18 de abril de 1944) é um ex agente do Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) que espionou para a União Soviética e depois para a Rússia contra os Estados Unidos, de 1979 a 2001. Suas ações de espionagem foram descritas pelo Departamento de Justiça dos Estados Unidos como "possivelmente o pior desastre de inteligência na história americana". Atualmente, ele está servindo quinze sentenças consecutivas de prisão perpétua no ADX Florence, um presídio federal de segurança máxima, em Florence, Colorado. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | روبرت هانسن (ar) Robert Hanssen (cs) Robert Hanssen (de) Robert Hanssen (es) Robert Hanssen (fr) Robert Hanssen (it) Robert Hanssen (nl) Robert Hanssen (pl) Robert Hanssen (en) Robert Hanssen (pt) Ханссен, Роберт (ru) |
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