Roger Dashen (original) (raw)
Roger Frederick Dashen (* 5. Mai 1938 in Grand Junction, Colorado; † 25. Mai 1995 in La Jolla) war ein US-amerikanischer theoretischer Physiker, der sich mit Quantenfeldtheorie und Elementarteilchenphysik beschäftigte. Dashen war seit 1979 Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences, seit 1984 Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences. 1994 wurde er Fellow der American Physical Society. Er war verheiratet und hatte zwei Töchter.
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| dbo:abstract | Roger Frederick Dashen (* 5. Mai 1938 in Grand Junction, Colorado; † 25. Mai 1995 in La Jolla) war ein US-amerikanischer theoretischer Physiker, der sich mit Quantenfeldtheorie und Elementarteilchenphysik beschäftigte. Dashen studierte Physik an der Harvard University (wo er auch in der Football-Mannschaft spielte), wo er 1960 „summa cum laude“ seinen Abschluss machte. Danach ging er ans Caltech, wo er 1964 promoviert wurde. Danach war er am Caltech und ab 1967 am Institute for Advanced Study, wo er 1969 Professor wurde. 1966 wurde er Sloan Research Fellow. 1986 wurde er Professor an der University of California, San Diego (UCSD), ab 1988 als Fakultätsleiter. Er spielte eine führende Rolle bei der Etablierung eines Supercomputerzentrums am UCSD und bei der Gründung des Instituts für theoretische Physik der National Science Foundation an der University of California, Santa Barbara. In den 1960er Jahren beschäftigte er sich teilweise in Zusammenarbeit mit Murray Gell-Mann mit Stromalgebren (Current Algebras) der Elementarteilchenphysik und mit Modellen chiraler Symmetrie. Mit Steven Frautschi versuchte er 1964 eine Berechnung des Massenunterschieds von Proton und Neutron innerhalb der S-Matrix-Theorie, die auf elektromagnetische Wechselwirkungen zurückgeführt wird. In den 1970er Jahren untersuchte er mit Brosl Hasslacher und André Neveu quantenfeldtheoretische Modelltheorien (wie das Sine-Gordon-Modell und das Gross-Neveu-Modell) für ausgedehnte Teilchen und semiklassische Näherungen (WKB-Näherung) für deren Analyse. Sie entwickelten die Dashen-Hasslacher-Neveu-Methode (DHN) zur Quantisierung von Solitonen, die Wegintegrale benutzt. Nach der Entdeckung von Instantonen in der Quantenchromodynamik (QCD) durch Polyakov untersuchte er diese mit David Gross und Curtis Callan. In den 1980er Jahren beschäftigte er sich mit Gittereichtheorien und fand mit Neuberger (unabhängig von Giorgio Parisi) eine obere Schranke für die Higgs-Boson-Masse. Dashen beschäftigte sich auch mit Schallausbreitung im Meer (auch mit militärischen Anwendungen im Sinn), wobei er quantenfeldtheoretische Methoden (wie Wegintegrale und die Renormierungsgruppe) auf das Problem zufälliger Schallstreuung im Ozean anwandte. Dabei arbeitete er teilweise mit seinen JASON-Kollegen Kenneth Watson und zusammen. Dashen war hochrangiger wissenschaftlicher Berater der US-Navy, u. a. im Komitee zur Sicherheit der SSBNs, der raketentragenden U-Boote, und in Fragen der U-Boot-Abwehr. Außerdem war er Mitglied der JASON Defense Advisory Group. Dashen war seit 1979 Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences, seit 1984 Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences. 1994 wurde er Fellow der American Physical Society. Er war verheiratet und hatte zwei Töchter. (de) Roger Frederick Dashen (May 5, 1938 in Grand Junction, Colorado – May 25, 1995 in La Jolla) was an American theoretical physicist who studied particle physics and quantum field theory. Dashen studied physics at the Harvard University (where he also played in the football team), where he graduated "summa cum laude" in 1960. Then he went to Caltech, where he earned his PhD in 1964. After that, he was a professor at Caltech in 1967 and the Institute for Advanced Study in 1969. In 1986, he became a professor at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) in 1988 was Head of Faculty. He played a leading role in the establishment of a supercomputer center at UCSD and in the establishment of the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Science Foundation at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In the 1960s he worked partly in collaboration with Murray Gell-Mann with current algebras of particle physics and models with chiral symmetry. In 1964, he worked on S-matrix methods to calculate electromagnetic corrections to strong interactions, including the mass difference between protons and neutrons with Steven Frautschi. In the 1970s, he studied with Brosl Hasslacher and André Neveu quantum field theoretical model theories (such as the Sine-Gordon model and the Gross-Neveu model) for extended particles and semiclassical approximations ([WKB approximation] []) for their analysis. They developed the Dashen-Hasslacher-Neveu method (DHN) for quantization of solitons using path integrals. After the discovery of instantons in the quantum (QCD) by Polyakov, he examined it with David Gross and Curtis Callan. In the 1980s, he worked with lattice gauge theory s and found with Neuberger (regardless of Giorgio Parisi) is an upper bound for the Higgs Boson - mass. Dashen was also involved in sound propagation in the ocean (with military applications in mind), where he applied quantum field theoretical methods (such as path integrals and the renormalization group) on the problem of random scattering of sound in the ocean. He worked with his JASON colleagues Kenneth M. Watson and . Dashen was senior scientific adviser to the US Navy, including the committee on the safety of SSBNs, the rocket-carrying submarines, and matters relating to submarine warfare. He was a member of the JASON Defense Advisory Group. Dashen was a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1984. He was married and had two daughters. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Roger Frederick Dashen (* 5. Mai 1938 in Grand Junction, Colorado; † 25. Mai 1995 in La Jolla) war ein US-amerikanischer theoretischer Physiker, der sich mit Quantenfeldtheorie und Elementarteilchenphysik beschäftigte. Dashen war seit 1979 Mitglied der American Academy of Arts and Sciences, seit 1984 Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences. 1994 wurde er Fellow der American Physical Society. Er war verheiratet und hatte zwei Töchter. (de) Roger Frederick Dashen (May 5, 1938 in Grand Junction, Colorado – May 25, 1995 in La Jolla) was an American theoretical physicist who studied particle physics and quantum field theory. Dashen studied physics at the Harvard University (where he also played in the football team), where he graduated "summa cum laude" in 1960. Then he went to Caltech, where he earned his PhD in 1964. After that, he was a professor at Caltech in 1967 and the Institute for Advanced Study in 1969. In 1986, he became a professor at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) in 1988 was Head of Faculty. He played a leading role in the establishment of a supercomputer center at UCSD and in the establishment of the Institute for Theoretical Physics of the National Science Foundation at the University of Californi (en) |
| rdfs:label | Roger Dashen (de) Roger Dashen (en) |
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