| dbo:abstract |
Pemuda kiriman atau pemuda yang "dididik" (Hanzi: 知識青年), juga disebut sebagai zhiqing, adalah kaum muda yang dari permulaan 1950an sampai akhir Revolusi Kebudayaan meninggalkan distrik-distrik perkotaan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok untuk tinggal dan bekerja di wilayah pedesaan sebagai bagian dari "". Kebanyakan orang yang melakukannya berpendidikan SD sampai SMA, dan hanya segelintir kecil yang berpendidikan tingkat pasca-menengah atau universitas. (in) The sent-down, rusticated, or "educated" youth (Chinese: 知識青年), also known as the zhiqing, were the young people who—beginning in the 1950s until the end of the Cultural Revolution, willingly or under coercion—left the urban districts of the People's Republic of China to live and work in rural areas as part of the "Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside Movement". The vast majority of those young folks who went to the rural communities had received elementary to high school education, and only a small minority had matriculated to the post-secondary or university level. (en) 知識青年（ちしきせいねん、中国語: 知识青年）、略して知青（ちせい、知青）は、1950年代初めから文化大革命終了までの中華人民共和国において、上山下郷運動の一環として、あるいは自らの意思で、あるいは強制されて、都市部から農村部へと移り住んで働いた青年たちの呼称。 一般的に「知識青年」と言えば、大学などで高等教育を受けている（受けた）インテリの青年たちを指すことが多い。しかし、文化大革命期の中国で「知識青年」と呼ばれた者の大部分は、実際には初等教育ないし中等教育を受けただけであり、大学相当の高等教育を受けていた者はごく一部に過ぎなかった。 (ja) Os Zhiqing ou Juventude rústica da China, conhecido na China como 知识青年 (Zhishi Qingnian) ou simplesmente 知青, é um termo usado na República Popular da China para se referir a um jovem que tinha recebido um elevado nível de educação, especialmente aqueles que no início dos anos 1950 até o fim da Revolução Cultural, voluntariamente ou sob coação, deixaram a zona urbana e foram "rustificados" (enviados a zonas rurais para viverem como camponeses). Tratou-se de um grupo de cerca de 17 milhões de jovens urbanos chineses, devido a uma campanha política da República Popular da China liderada por Mao Tse-tung durante a Revolução Cultural. O Partido Comunista Chinês tinha como objetivo transformar parte da juventude urbana em agricultores para o resto suas vidas. A grande maioria dos afetados recebera educação até o ensino médio, e apenas uma pequena minoria esteve matriculada no nível pós-secundário ou universitário. (pt) 知识青年，简称知青，是中华人民共和国对知识分子的历史名词。 知识青年本义是泛指有知识的青年或者接受过高等教育的青年。惟知青此詞語从1950年代起一直至1977年最后一批上山下乡的中学生结束，为指向自愿从城市下放到农村成為农民的青年，这些人中大多数人实际上只是获得初中或高中教育，少数获得学士或者以上学位。 (zh) |
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Zhiqing (en) Educated Youth (en) Sent-down Youth (en) |
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[contraction] (en) demoted youth (en) intellectual youth (en) |
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xiàfàng qīngnián (en) zhīqīng (en) zhīshi qīngnián (en) |
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Chinese names (en) |
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Pemuda kiriman atau pemuda yang "dididik" (Hanzi: 知識青年), juga disebut sebagai zhiqing, adalah kaum muda yang dari permulaan 1950an sampai akhir Revolusi Kebudayaan meninggalkan distrik-distrik perkotaan Republik Rakyat Tiongkok untuk tinggal dan bekerja di wilayah pedesaan sebagai bagian dari "". Kebanyakan orang yang melakukannya berpendidikan SD sampai SMA, dan hanya segelintir kecil yang berpendidikan tingkat pasca-menengah atau universitas. (in) The sent-down, rusticated, or "educated" youth (Chinese: 知識青年), also known as the zhiqing, were the young people who—beginning in the 1950s until the end of the Cultural Revolution, willingly or under coercion—left the urban districts of the People's Republic of China to live and work in rural areas as part of the "Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside Movement". The vast majority of those young folks who went to the rural communities had received elementary to high school education, and only a small minority had matriculated to the post-secondary or university level. (en) 知識青年（ちしきせいねん、中国語: 知识青年）、略して知青（ちせい、知青）は、1950年代初めから文化大革命終了までの中華人民共和国において、上山下郷運動の一環として、あるいは自らの意思で、あるいは強制されて、都市部から農村部へと移り住んで働いた青年たちの呼称。 一般的に「知識青年」と言えば、大学などで高等教育を受けている（受けた）インテリの青年たちを指すことが多い。しかし、文化大革命期の中国で「知識青年」と呼ばれた者の大部分は、実際には初等教育ないし中等教育を受けただけであり、大学相当の高等教育を受けていた者はごく一部に過ぎなかった。 (ja) 知识青年，简称知青，是中华人民共和国对知识分子的历史名词。 知识青年本义是泛指有知识的青年或者接受过高等教育的青年。惟知青此詞語从1950年代起一直至1977年最后一批上山下乡的中学生结束，为指向自愿从城市下放到农村成為农民的青年，这些人中大多数人实际上只是获得初中或高中教育，少数获得学士或者以上学位。 (zh) Os Zhiqing ou Juventude rústica da China, conhecido na China como 知识青年 (Zhishi Qingnian) ou simplesmente 知青, é um termo usado na República Popular da China para se referir a um jovem que tinha recebido um elevado nível de educação, especialmente aqueles que no início dos anos 1950 até o fim da Revolução Cultural, voluntariamente ou sob coação, deixaram a zona urbana e foram "rustificados" (enviados a zonas rurais para viverem como camponeses). Tratou-se de um grupo de cerca de 17 milhões de jovens urbanos chineses, devido a uma campanha política da República Popular da China liderada por Mao Tse-tung durante a Revolução Cultural. O Partido Comunista Chinês tinha como objetivo transformar parte da juventude urbana em agricultores para o resto suas vidas. A grande maioria dos afetados recebe (pt) |
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Pemuda kiriman (in) 知識青年 (ja) Sent-down youth (en) Zhiqing (pt) 知识青年 (zh) |
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