| dbo:abstract |
البكتيريا الملتوية (الاسم العلمي: Spirochaetes) هي شعبة من البكتيريا. (ar) A spirochaete (/ˈspaɪroʊˌkiːt/) or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (/-ˈkiːtiːz/), (synonym Spirochaetes) which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells. Spirochaetes are chemoheterotrophic in nature, with lengths between 3 and 500 μm and diameters around 0.09 to at least 3 μm. Spirochaetes are distinguished from other bacterial phyla by the location of their flagella, called endoflagella which are sometimes called axial filaments. Endoflagella are anchored at each end (pole) of the bacterium within the periplasmic space (between the inner and outer membranes) where they project backwards to extend the length of the cell. These cause a twisting motion which allows the spirochaete to move about. When reproducing, a spirochaete will undergo asexual transverse binary fission. Most spirochaetes are free-living and anaerobic, but there are numerous exceptions. Spirochaete bacteria are diverse in their pathogenic capacity and the ecological niches that they inhabit, as well as molecular characteristics including guanine-cytosine content and genome size. (en) 螺旋體門（Spirochaetes）是一類很有特點的細菌，具有長的螺旋形盤繞的細胞。它們獨具細胞全長、在細胞膜和細胞壁之間的鞭毛，稱爲“軸絲”（axial filament）。螺旋體可以通過軸絲產生的扭轉運動前後移動。多數螺旋體營厭氧自由生活，但有很多例外。 琳·马古利斯曾經認爲真核細胞的鞭毛來自共生的螺旋體，但同意這一觀點的生物學家不多，因爲二者結構上沒有太多相似之處。 螺旋體門目前被分爲三科，重要成員包括： * 鈎端螺旋體屬（Leptospira），可引起鈎端螺旋體病 * 疏螺旋體屬（Borrelia） * 伯氏疏螺旋體（Borrelia burgdorferi），可引起萊姆病 * （Borrelia recurrentis），可引起迴歸熱 * 密螺旋體屬（Treponema） * （Treponema carateum），可引起 * （Treponema pallidum），可引起梅毒、 * 細弱密螺旋體（Treponema pertenue），可引起雅司病、 (zh) |
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/spirochetes.html |
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| dbp:authority |
Paster 2020 (en) |
| dbp:image |
Treponema pallidum.jpg (en) |
| dbp:image2Caption |
Treponema pallidum, a spirochaete which causes syphilis (en) |
| dbp:name |
Spirochaetes (en) |
| dbp:parentAuthority |
Garrity and Holt 2021 (en) |
| dbp:subdivision |
* Brachyspirales * Brevinematales * Leptospirales * Spirochaetales * "Treponematales" (en) |
| dbp:subdivisionRanks |
Orders (en) |
| dbp:synonyms |
* Spirochaetota: ** "Protozoobacteriales" (Prévot 1958) ** "Spirochaetae" (Cavalier-Smith 2002) ** "Spirochaetaeota" (Oren et al. 2015) ** "Spirochaetes" (Garrity and Holt 2001) ** "Spirochaetota" (Whitman et al. 2018) * Spirochaetia: ** Spirochaetes (Cavalier-Smith 2002) ** "Spirochaetia" (Cavalier-Smith 2020) ** "Leptospiria" (Cavalier-Smith 2020) (en) |
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Spirochaetia (en) |
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dbc:Bacteria_phyla dbc:Spirochaetes |
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البكتيريا الملتوية (الاسم العلمي: Spirochaetes) هي شعبة من البكتيريا. (ar) 螺旋體門（Spirochaetes）是一類很有特點的細菌，具有長的螺旋形盤繞的細胞。它們獨具細胞全長、在細胞膜和細胞壁之間的鞭毛，稱爲“軸絲”（axial filament）。螺旋體可以通過軸絲產生的扭轉運動前後移動。多數螺旋體營厭氧自由生活，但有很多例外。 琳·马古利斯曾經認爲真核細胞的鞭毛來自共生的螺旋體，但同意這一觀點的生物學家不多，因爲二者結構上沒有太多相似之處。 螺旋體門目前被分爲三科，重要成員包括： * 鈎端螺旋體屬（Leptospira），可引起鈎端螺旋體病 * 疏螺旋體屬（Borrelia） * 伯氏疏螺旋體（Borrelia burgdorferi），可引起萊姆病 * （Borrelia recurrentis），可引起迴歸熱 * 密螺旋體屬（Treponema） * （Treponema carateum），可引起 * （Treponema pallidum），可引起梅毒、 * 細弱密螺旋體（Treponema pertenue），可引起雅司病、 (zh) A spirochaete (/ˈspaɪroʊˌkiːt/) or spirochete is a member of the phylum Spirochaetota (/-ˈkiːtiːz/), (synonym Spirochaetes) which contains distinctive diderm (double-membrane) gram-negative bacteria, most of which have long, helically coiled (corkscrew-shaped or spiraled, hence the name) cells. Spirochaetes are chemoheterotrophic in nature, with lengths between 3 and 500 μm and diameters around 0.09 to at least 3 μm. (en) |
| rdfs:label |
بكتيريا ملتوية (ar) Spirochaete (en) Spirochaetae (ru) 螺旋體門 (zh) |
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dbr:Bacterial_taxonomy |
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