Structure factor (original) (raw)
En la física de la materia condensada y la cristalografía, se conoce como factor de estructura o factor de estructura estático a la función que describe la dispersión de un haz incidente de radiación por la materia. El factor de estructura es un concepto que facilita la interpretación de los patrones de interferencia obtenidos en experimentos de difracción de rayos X, de electrones y de neutrones. Cuando es necesario examinar la evolución temporal del sistema estudiado, se utiliza el .
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| dbo:abstract | Der Strukturfaktor ist ein Maß für das Streuvermögen einer Kristallbasis. Er gibt die relative Intensität des durch die Laue-Indizes , , bestimmten Beugungsreflexes an. Der Strukturfaktor hängt ab vom Aufbau der Basis, dem Streuvermögen der Basisatome und ihrer thermischen Bewegung. Die Richtung, in welcher die Beugungsreflexe beobachtet werden können, werden von der Bragg- bzw. äquivalent von der Laue-Bedingung angegeben, die vom reinen Kristallgitter ausgehen (ein punktförmiges Streuzentrum am Gitterpunkt). * Röntgenbeugung: Die Streuung der elektromagnetischen Strahlung erfolgt an den Elektronen der Atome. Der Strukturfaktor ist die Fouriertransformierte der Elektronenverteilung innerhalb einer Elementarzelle. * Elektronenbeugung: Die Elektronen werden durch Coulomb-Wechselwirkung an den Hüllenelektronen und den Atomkernen gestreut. Der Strukturfaktor ist die Fouriertransformierte der Ladungsverteilung innerhalb einer Elementarzelle. * Neutronenbeugung: Neutronen wechselwirken durch starke Wechselwirkung mit den Atomkernen und wegen ihres magnetischen Moments mit dem magnetischen Moment der Atome. Der Strukturfaktor ist die Fouriertransformierte der Kernverteilung (Nukleonenverteilung) und der magnetischen Struktur innerhalb einer Elementarzelle. (de) En la física de la materia condensada y la cristalografía, se conoce como factor de estructura o factor de estructura estático a la función que describe la dispersión de un haz incidente de radiación por la materia. El factor de estructura es un concepto que facilita la interpretación de los patrones de interferencia obtenidos en experimentos de difracción de rayos X, de electrones y de neutrones. Cuando es necesario examinar la evolución temporal del sistema estudiado, se utiliza el . (es) In condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure factor for short) is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation. The structure factor is a critical tool in the interpretation of scattering patterns (interference patterns) obtained in X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction experiments. Confusingly, there are two different mathematical expressions in use, both called 'structure factor'. One is usually written ; it is more generally valid, and relates the observed diffracted intensity per atom to that produced by a single scattering unit. The other is usually written or and is only valid for systems with long-range positional order — crystals. This expression relates the amplitude and phase of the beam diffracted by the planes of the crystal ( are the Miller indices of the planes) to that produced by a single scattering unit at the vertices of the primitive unit cell. is not a special case of ; gives the scattering intensity, but gives the amplitude. It is the modulus squared that gives the scattering intensity. is defined for a perfect crystal, and is used in crystallography, while is most useful for disordered systems. For partially ordered systems such as crystalline polymers there is obviously overlap, and experts will switch from one expression to the other as needed. The static structure factor is measured without resolving the energy of scattered photons/electrons/neutrons. Energy-resolved measurements yield the dynamic structure factor. (en) 결정학에서 구조 인자(構造因子, structure factor)는 주어진 결정 구조가 파동을 산란하는 모양을 나타내는 함수다. (incident radiation)를 산란하는 방법의 수리학적 표현이다. 엑스선이나 전자 또는 중성자 회절 실험에서 얻어진 을 통해 결정 구조를 분석할 때 쓰인다. 특정 격자에서 구조 인자를 계산하기 위하여 단위 세포내의 원자의 합을 계산한다. 결정이 종종 밀러 지수라는 용어로 묘사되기에 이 용어로서 특정 구조 인자를 시험하는 데 유용하다. (ko) バンド計算における構造定数（こうぞうていすう、Structure factor、構造因子とも言う）は以下の式で定義される： ：逆格子ベクトル：単位胞内の原子（イオン芯）の座標の位置ベクトル 電荷密度をフーリエ変換したものを構造因子と言う場合がある。KKR法やLMTO法における行列要素において、系の構造にのみ依存する部分（項）のことも構造定数（または構造因子）と言う。 (ja) Na física da matéria condensada e cristalografia, o fator de estrutura(ou fator estático de estrutura) é uma descrição matemática de como um material espalharadiação incidente. O fator de estrutura é particularmente útil na interpretaçãode obtidos em experimentos de raio-x e difração de elétronse nêutrons. O fator estático de estrutura é medido desconsiderando-se a energia de fótons, elétronse nêutrons espalhados. Medidas sobre essa energia levam ao fator dinâmico de estrutura. (pt) 在凝聚态物理学和晶体学中，静态结构因子（或简称结构因子）是一种描述材料如何散射入射波的数学表示形式。结构因子在描述X射线、电子衍射和中子衍射实验获得的干涉图样时特别有用。 结构因子的测量不需要分辨散射的光子、电子或中子的能量。而能量分辨的测量可以得出。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | En la física de la materia condensada y la cristalografía, se conoce como factor de estructura o factor de estructura estático a la función que describe la dispersión de un haz incidente de radiación por la materia. El factor de estructura es un concepto que facilita la interpretación de los patrones de interferencia obtenidos en experimentos de difracción de rayos X, de electrones y de neutrones. Cuando es necesario examinar la evolución temporal del sistema estudiado, se utiliza el . (es) 결정학에서 구조 인자(構造因子, structure factor)는 주어진 결정 구조가 파동을 산란하는 모양을 나타내는 함수다. (incident radiation)를 산란하는 방법의 수리학적 표현이다. 엑스선이나 전자 또는 중성자 회절 실험에서 얻어진 을 통해 결정 구조를 분석할 때 쓰인다. 특정 격자에서 구조 인자를 계산하기 위하여 단위 세포내의 원자의 합을 계산한다. 결정이 종종 밀러 지수라는 용어로 묘사되기에 이 용어로서 특정 구조 인자를 시험하는 데 유용하다. (ko) バンド計算における構造定数（こうぞうていすう、Structure factor、構造因子とも言う）は以下の式で定義される： ：逆格子ベクトル：単位胞内の原子（イオン芯）の座標の位置ベクトル 電荷密度をフーリエ変換したものを構造因子と言う場合がある。KKR法やLMTO法における行列要素において、系の構造にのみ依存する部分（項）のことも構造定数（または構造因子）と言う。 (ja) Na física da matéria condensada e cristalografia, o fator de estrutura(ou fator estático de estrutura) é uma descrição matemática de como um material espalharadiação incidente. O fator de estrutura é particularmente útil na interpretaçãode obtidos em experimentos de raio-x e difração de elétronse nêutrons. O fator estático de estrutura é medido desconsiderando-se a energia de fótons, elétronse nêutrons espalhados. Medidas sobre essa energia levam ao fator dinâmico de estrutura. (pt) 在凝聚态物理学和晶体学中，静态结构因子（或简称结构因子）是一种描述材料如何散射入射波的数学表示形式。结构因子在描述X射线、电子衍射和中子衍射实验获得的干涉图样时特别有用。 结构因子的测量不需要分辨散射的光子、电子或中子的能量。而能量分辨的测量可以得出。 (zh) Der Strukturfaktor ist ein Maß für das Streuvermögen einer Kristallbasis. Er gibt die relative Intensität des durch die Laue-Indizes , , bestimmten Beugungsreflexes an. Der Strukturfaktor hängt ab vom Aufbau der Basis, dem Streuvermögen der Basisatome und ihrer thermischen Bewegung. Die Richtung, in welcher die Beugungsreflexe beobachtet werden können, werden von der Bragg- bzw. äquivalent von der Laue-Bedingung angegeben, die vom reinen Kristallgitter ausgehen (ein punktförmiges Streuzentrum am Gitterpunkt). (de) In condensed matter physics and crystallography, the static structure factor (or structure factor for short) is a mathematical description of how a material scatters incident radiation. The structure factor is a critical tool in the interpretation of scattering patterns (interference patterns) obtained in X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction experiments. The static structure factor is measured without resolving the energy of scattered photons/electrons/neutrons. Energy-resolved measurements yield the dynamic structure factor. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Strukturfaktor (de) Factor de estructura (es) 구조 인자 (ko) 構造定数 (バンド計算) (ja) Structure factor (en) Fator de estrutura (pt) 结构因子 (zh) |
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