Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States) (original) (raw)
La Réserve stratégique de pétrole (RSP ; officiellement en anglais : Strategic Petroleum Reserve) est la plus grande réserve stratégique connue au monde avec une capacité d'au plus 727 millions de barils de pétrole et une capacité autorisée fin 2017 de 714 Mbarils. Elle est gérée par le Bureau des réserves pétrolières (Office of Petroleum Reserves - OPR) du département de l'Énergie des États-Unis qui a, en 2017, un budget annuel de 223 millions de dollars et emploie 975 personnes en 2013.
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| dbo:abstract | الاحتياطي البترولي الاستراتيجي (بالإنجليزية: Strategic Petroleum Reserve يختصر (SPR)) هو موارد النفط التي تحتفظ بها الولايات المتحدة ممثلة بـوزارة الطاقة (DOE) لحالات الطوارئ بالنسبة الوقود، وهي أكبر إمدادات الطوارئ في العالم، ولديها خزانات تحت الأرض في لويزيانا وتكساس بطاقة 797 مليون برميل (126,700,000 م3) . بدأت الولايات المتحدة مشروع احتياطي النفط في عام 1975 بعد انقطاع إمدادات النفط خلال الحظر النفطي العربي 1973-1974 ، للتخفيف من آثار تعطل الإمدادات النفطية في المستقبل. يتم عرض المخزون الحالي على موقع احتياطي البترول الاستراتيجي، واعتبارًا من 17 أبريل 2020، بلغ المخزون 635.0 مليون برميل (100.960.000 م 3)، وهذا يعادل حوالي 34 يومًا من النفط عند مستويات استهلاك الولايات المتحدة اليومية لعام 2013 البالغة 18.49 مليون برميل يوميًا (2,940,000 متر 3 في اليوم) أو 64 يومًا من النفط عند مستويات واردات الولايات المتحدة اليومية لعام 2013 البالغة 9.859 مليون برميل يوميًا (1,567,500 متر مكعب / يوم). ومع ذلك، فإن أقصى قدرة سحب إجمالية من احتياطي البترول الاستراتيجي هي فقط 4.4 مليون برميل يوميًا (700000 متر مكعب / يوم)، لذلك سيستغرق 144 يومًا لاستخدام المخزون بأكمله. عند أسعار السوق الأخيرة (-37 دولارًا للبرميل اعتبارًا من أبريل 2020)، يحتفظ احتياطي البترول الاستراتيجي بأكثر من -9.26 مليار دولار من وحوالي -20.4 مليار دولار من (على افتراض خصم 15 دولارًا / للبرميل بسبب محتوى الكبريت). وفي عام 2012، كانت القيمة الإجمالية للخام في احتياطي البترول الاستراتيجي حوالي 43.5 مليار دولار، في حين أن السعر المدفوع للنفط كان 20.1 مليار دولار (في المتوسط 28.42 دولار للبرميل). (ar) La Réserve stratégique de pétrole (RSP ; officiellement en anglais : Strategic Petroleum Reserve) est la plus grande réserve stratégique connue au monde avec une capacité d'au plus 727 millions de barils de pétrole et une capacité autorisée fin 2017 de 714 Mbarils. Elle est gérée par le Bureau des réserves pétrolières (Office of Petroleum Reserves - OPR) du département de l'Énergie des États-Unis qui a, en 2017, un budget annuel de 223 millions de dollars et emploie 975 personnes en 2013. (fr) The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency stockpile of petroleum maintained by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). It is the largest publicly known emergency supply in the world; its underground tanks in Louisiana and Texas have capacity for 714 million barrels (113,500,000 m3). The United States started the petroleum reserve in 1975 to mitigate future supply disruptions as part of the international Agreement on an International Energy Program, after oil supplies were interrupted during the 1973–1974 oil embargo. The current inventory is displayed on the SPR's website. As of November 25, 2022, the inventory was 389.1 million barrels (61,860,000 m3). This equates to about 19 days of oil at 2019 daily U.S. consumption levels of 20.54 million barrels per day (3,266,000 m3/d) or 39 days of oil at 2019 daily U.S. import levels of 9.141 million barrels per day (1,453,300 m3/d). However, the maximum total withdrawal capability from the SPR is only 4.4 million barrels per day (700,000 m3/d), so it would take about 88 days to use the entire inventory. At recent market prices ($58 a barrel as of March 2021), the SPR holds over 14.6billioninsweetcrudeandapproximately14.6 billion in sweet crude and approximately 14.6billioninsweetcrudeandapproximately18.3 billion in sour crude (assuming a 15/barreldiscountforsulfurcontent).In2012,thetotalvalueofthecrudeintheSPRwasapproximately15/barrel discount for sulfur content). In 2012, the total value of the crude in the SPR was approximately 15/barreldiscountforsulfurcontent).In2012,thetotalvalueofthecrudeintheSPRwasapproximately43.5 billion, while the price paid for the oil was 20.1billion(anaverageof20.1 billion (an average of 20.1billion(anaverageof28.42 per barrel). Since 2015, Congress has been selling the oil in the reserve to fund the deficit, in unpublicized sales. The U.S. Department of Energy has run at least seven sales since 2017, selling 132 million barrels, or about 18.2% of what had been in the reserve. On March 31, 2022, President Joe Biden announced that his administration would release 1 million barrels of oil per day from the reserve for the next 180 days. According to legislation already in place, the amount of oil in the reserve could fall to as little as 238 million barrels by 2028. This will be a 67% reduction to the oil in the reservoir since 2010. (en) 전력비축유는 비상상황에 대비하기 위해 미국 에너지부에서 관리하는 전략 원유 비축분이다. (ko) A Reserva Estratégica de Petróleo, conhecida pela sigla (SPR) do inglês Strategic Petroleum Reserve, é um armazenamento de combustível de emergência de petróleo mantidos pelo Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos. A reserva armazena milhões de barris de óleo cru em cavernas de sal subterrâneas, em quatro locais ao longo do Golfo do México. (pt) USA:s strategiska oljereserv, engelska: U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), är USA:s petroleumförråd och har en total kapacitet för 713,5 miljoner fat petroleum, vilket gör den till världens största statliga av sitt slag efter kapacitet. I juni 2019 förvarade den 644,88 miljoner fat. Petroleumförråden återfinns i delstaterna Louisiana och Texas och är underställd och övervakas av USA:s energidepartementets underavdelning Office of Petroleum Reserves med kontor i både Washington, D.C. och New Orleans i Louisiana. (sv) Стратегический нефтяной резерв США (англ. Strategic Petroleum Reserve, SPR) — в США резерв нефти в четырёх природных подземных хранилищах (соляных куполах) вдоль побережья Мексиканского залива в Техасе и Луизиане. Близость к Мексиканскому заливу упрощает как транспортировку нефти (импортируемой и шельфовой) в хранилища, так и перекачку на множество нефтеперерабатывающих предприятий благодаря развитой системе нефтепроводов и возможности использования танкеров. Создан в 1975 году по решению Конгресса США, после нефтяного кризиса 1973 года. Впервые нефтяной резерв был задействован в 1991 году, во время войны в Персидском заливе. Нефтяные резервы США являются крупнейшими в мире. (ru) 美國戰略石油儲備（Strategic Petroleum Reserve ，SPR）是由美國能源部負責的紧急石油储备。它是世界上已知的最大的石油儲備計劃，已知美國位于路易斯安那州和德克萨斯州的地下储罐容量為7.14亿桶（11350万立方米）。在第一次石油危机出現石油供应中断的情況后，美國于1975年开始石油储备，以减轻未来可能出現的石油供应中断的影响。2021年11月，美國政府宣布释放5000万桶石油储备。2022年3月初，美国承诺释放3000万桶石油储备。2022年3月31日，美国政府宣佈從5月開始，在6個月內每天释出战略储油100万桶。2022年10月19日，美国总统拜登表示美国将从战略石油储备中释放1500万桶原油入市。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | La Réserve stratégique de pétrole (RSP ; officiellement en anglais : Strategic Petroleum Reserve) est la plus grande réserve stratégique connue au monde avec une capacité d'au plus 727 millions de barils de pétrole et une capacité autorisée fin 2017 de 714 Mbarils. Elle est gérée par le Bureau des réserves pétrolières (Office of Petroleum Reserves - OPR) du département de l'Énergie des États-Unis qui a, en 2017, un budget annuel de 223 millions de dollars et emploie 975 personnes en 2013. (fr) 전력비축유는 비상상황에 대비하기 위해 미국 에너지부에서 관리하는 전략 원유 비축분이다. (ko) A Reserva Estratégica de Petróleo, conhecida pela sigla (SPR) do inglês Strategic Petroleum Reserve, é um armazenamento de combustível de emergência de petróleo mantidos pelo Departamento de Energia dos Estados Unidos. A reserva armazena milhões de barris de óleo cru em cavernas de sal subterrâneas, em quatro locais ao longo do Golfo do México. (pt) USA:s strategiska oljereserv, engelska: U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), är USA:s petroleumförråd och har en total kapacitet för 713,5 miljoner fat petroleum, vilket gör den till världens största statliga av sitt slag efter kapacitet. I juni 2019 förvarade den 644,88 miljoner fat. Petroleumförråden återfinns i delstaterna Louisiana och Texas och är underställd och övervakas av USA:s energidepartementets underavdelning Office of Petroleum Reserves med kontor i både Washington, D.C. och New Orleans i Louisiana. (sv) 美國戰略石油儲備（Strategic Petroleum Reserve ，SPR）是由美國能源部負責的紧急石油储备。它是世界上已知的最大的石油儲備計劃，已知美國位于路易斯安那州和德克萨斯州的地下储罐容量為7.14亿桶（11350万立方米）。在第一次石油危机出現石油供应中断的情況后，美國于1975年开始石油储备，以减轻未来可能出現的石油供应中断的影响。2021年11月，美國政府宣布释放5000万桶石油储备。2022年3月初，美国承诺释放3000万桶石油储备。2022年3月31日，美国政府宣佈從5月開始，在6個月內每天释出战略储油100万桶。2022年10月19日，美国总统拜登表示美国将从战略石油储备中释放1500万桶原油入市。 (zh) الاحتياطي البترولي الاستراتيجي (بالإنجليزية: Strategic Petroleum Reserve يختصر (SPR)) هو موارد النفط التي تحتفظ بها الولايات المتحدة ممثلة بـوزارة الطاقة (DOE) لحالات الطوارئ بالنسبة الوقود، وهي أكبر إمدادات الطوارئ في العالم، ولديها خزانات تحت الأرض في لويزيانا وتكساس بطاقة 797 مليون برميل (126,700,000 م3) . بدأت الولايات المتحدة مشروع احتياطي النفط في عام 1975 بعد انقطاع إمدادات النفط خلال الحظر النفطي العربي 1973-1974 ، للتخفيف من آثار تعطل الإمدادات النفطية في المستقبل. (ar) The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency stockpile of petroleum maintained by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). It is the largest publicly known emergency supply in the world; its underground tanks in Louisiana and Texas have capacity for 714 million barrels (113,500,000 m3). The United States started the petroleum reserve in 1975 to mitigate future supply disruptions as part of the international Agreement on an International Energy Program, after oil supplies were interrupted during the 1973–1974 oil embargo. (en) Стратегический нефтяной резерв США (англ. Strategic Petroleum Reserve, SPR) — в США резерв нефти в четырёх природных подземных хранилищах (соляных куполах) вдоль побережья Мексиканского залива в Техасе и Луизиане. Близость к Мексиканскому заливу упрощает как транспортировку нефти (импортируемой и шельфовой) в хранилища, так и перекачку на множество нефтеперерабатывающих предприятий благодаря развитой системе нефтепроводов и возможности использования танкеров. Нефтяные резервы США являются крупнейшими в мире. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | احتياطي البترول الاستراتيجي (الولايات المتحدة) (ar) Réserve stratégique de pétrole (États-Unis) (fr) 전략비축유 (ko) Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States) (en) Стратегический нефтяной резерв США (ru) Reserva estratégica de petróleo (pt) USA:s strategiska oljereserv (sv) 美國戰略石油儲備 (zh) |
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