Stratigraphy (archaeology) (original) (raw)
Με τον όρο στρωματογραφία (stratigraphy) στην αρχαιολογία εννοείται η μελέτη της διάταξης των αποθέσεων ή στρωμάτων, δηλαδή της διαστρωμάτωσης (stratification), μιας αρχαιολογικής θέσης. Τα στρώματα σε μια αρχαιολογική θέση είναι φυσικά (βλ. στρωματογραφία) και πολιτισμικά, ή μόνον γεωλογικά (σε περιόδους εγκατάλειψης αρχαιολογικών θέσεων). Ανάλογα με τις φυσικές ή πολιτισμικές μεταβολές που λαμβάνουν χώρα σε μια θέση και τη διάρκειά τους, τα στρώματα ποικίλλουν ως προς το πάχος, τη σύσταση, το χρώμα και το περιεχόμενο.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Με τον όρο στρωματογραφία (stratigraphy) στην αρχαιολογία εννοείται η μελέτη της διάταξης των αποθέσεων ή στρωμάτων, δηλαδή της διαστρωμάτωσης (stratification), μιας αρχαιολογικής θέσης. Τα στρώματα σε μια αρχαιολογική θέση είναι φυσικά (βλ. στρωματογραφία) και πολιτισμικά, ή μόνον γεωλογικά (σε περιόδους εγκατάλειψης αρχαιολογικών θέσεων). Ανάλογα με τις φυσικές ή πολιτισμικές μεταβολές που λαμβάνουν χώρα σε μια θέση και τη διάρκειά τους, τα στρώματα ποικίλλουν ως προς το πάχος, τη σύσταση, το χρώμα και το περιεχόμενο. (el) La estratigrafía arqueológica es el estudio de la superposición de capas o estratos de la tierra en el terreno con una finalidad arqueológica. Cada capa tiene una edad diferente, y según donde encontremos un objeto podemos establecer su antigüedad. En una excavación es muy importante tener cuidado de extraer la tierra de forma ordenada para saber exactamente en qué estrato se encontró ya que nos dará información sobre el contexto, lugar y orientación para poder sacar conclusiones válidas. Una vez distinguidos los niveles, hay que ordenarlos en una secuencia cronológica, que será la de un yacimiento. (es) Die Erfassung der Stratigraphie eines archäologischen Befundes ist eine wissenschaftliche Methode der Archäologie und hilft bei der relativen Altersbestimmung von Ablagerungen. Ihr Gegenstand ist die bei einer Ausgrabung in einem vertikalen Profil feststellbare Abfolge von Straten (lat. stratum, Pl. strata, zu sternere „ausbreiten“: „Schicht“), die durch natürliche und anthropogene Ablagerungen sowie Baumaßnahmen (Aufschüttung, Graben, Schacht, Brunnen, Pfostenloch, Planierung, Verfüllung etc.) entstanden ist. Auch die Abfolge der Straten selbst wird als archäologische Stratigraphie bezeichnet. (de) Stratigraphy is a key concept to modern archaeological theory and practice. Modern excavation techniques are based on stratigraphic principles. The concept derives from the geological use of the idea that sedimentation takes place according to uniform principles.When archaeological finds are below the surface of the ground (as is most commonly the case), the identification of the context of each find is vital in enabling the archaeologist to draw conclusions about the site and about the nature and date of its occupation. It is the archaeologist's role to attempt to discover what contexts exist and how they came to be created. Archaeological stratification or sequence is the dynamic superimposition of single units of stratigraphy, or contexts. Contexts are single events or actions that leave discrete, detectable traces in the archaeological sequence or stratigraphy. They can be deposits (such as the back-fill of a ditch), structures (such as walls), or "zero thickness surfaciques", better known as "cuts". Cuts represent actions that remove other solid contexts such as fills, deposits, and walls. An example would be a ditch "cut" through earlier deposits. Stratigraphic relationships are the relationships created between contexts in time, representing the chronological order in which they were created. One example would be a ditch and the back-fill of said ditch. The temporal relationship of "the fill" context to the ditch "cut" context is such that "the fill" occurred later in the sequence; you have to dig a ditch before you can back-fill it. A relationship that is later in the sequence is sometimes referred to as "higher" in the sequence, and a relationship that is earlier, "lower", though this does not refer necessarily to the physical location of the context. It is more useful to think of "higher" as it relates to the context's position in a Harris matrix, a two-dimensional representation of a site's formation in space and time. (en) La stratigrafia è la scienza che descrive gli strati archeologici. In particolare, sono oggetto di analisi, per ricostruire la storia degli strati, forma, concatenamento, divisione e successione. Le basi di questa scienza furono gettate da Niccolò Stenone nel XVII secolo, il quale dimostrò che gli strati geologici si sovrapponevano nel tempo e che quelli più antichi erano i più profondi. Fondamentale fu anche il contributo di William Smith (XIX secolo), che sottolineò l'importanza dei fossili per distinguere adeguatamente gli strati. Il metodo è stato elaborato a partire dal concetto di stratigrafia individuato in geologia, per cui le rocce si depositano in strati sovrapposti, con quelle più antiche alla base e quelle via via più recenti che le vanno a coprire. (it) Wykopaliska stratygraficzne – jest to jedna z dwóch metod eksploracji stanowiska archeologicznego. Polega na usuwaniu warstw archeologicznych zgodnie z ich układem i konturami. Warstwy są usuwane w kolejności odwrotnej do tej w jakiej powstawały. Historia stanowiska jest odsłaniana od czasów najnowszych do czasów najdawniejszych.Archeolodzy posługują się tą metodą prowadzenia wykopalisk, kiedy tylko możliwe jest rozróżnienie warstw. Warstwy archeologiczne mają różne kształty, niejednakową miąższość oraz różny przebieg. Warstwy często są zaburzone, przemieszane przez działalność człowieka. Prowadzenie badań tą metodą jest pracochłonne i żmudne, przynosi jednak najlepsze efekty. (pl) Estratigrafia é um conceito chave para a prática e teoria arqueológica moderna. Técnicas modernas de escavação são baseadas em princípios estratigráficos. O conceito deriva do princípio geológico de que a sedimentação ocorre de acordo com princípios uniformes. A formulação dos princípios da estratigrafia é atribuída ao bispo e cientista dinamarquês Nicolaus Steno, que observou e sintetizou em 1669 a ideia da sucessão do tempo através da observação dos depósitos geológicos. O uso desses princípios em arqueologia foi adotado a princípio para datação de objetos pré-históricos, e adotado por Sir Mortimer Wheeler e Kathleen Kenyon na década de 1950. (pt) |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Archaeological_stratigraphy_at_Goosehill_Camp.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 1082175 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 10596 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1073669692 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Principle_of_lateral_continuity dbr:Erosion dbr:Principle_of_faunal_succession dbr:Single_context_recording dbr:Principle_of_original_horizontality dbr:Archaeology dbr:Harris_matrix dbr:Law_of_superposition dbr:Cut_(archaeology) dbr:Excavation_(archaeology) dbr:Chronological_dating dbr:Edward_Harris_(archaeologist) dbr:Relative_dating dbr:Relationship_(archaeology) dbr:Reverse_stratigraphy dbc:Methods_in_archaeology dbr:Archaeological_association dbr:Archaeological_context dbr:Archaeological_horizon dbr:Archaeological_phase dbr:Archaeological_section dbr:Assemblage_(archaeology) dbr:Axiomatic dbr:Seriation_(archaeology) dbr:Stratigraphy dbr:File:1555_-_Keramikos_archaeological_a...y_Giovanni_Dall'Orto,_Nov_12_2009.jpg dbr:File:Harris_matrix_example.jpg dbr:File:Harris_section_example.jpg dbr:File:Archaeological_stratigraphy_at_Goosehill_Camp.jpg |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Annotated_link dbt:Authority_control dbt:Commons_category dbt:ISBN dbt:More_citations_needed dbt:Reflist dbt:Sfn dbt:Short_description dbt:Chronology |
| dct:subject | dbc:Methods_in_archaeology |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Concept |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing yago:WikicatMethodsAndPrinciplesInArchaeology yago:Ability105616246 yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Cognition100023271 yago:Know-how105616786 yago:Method105660268 yago:PsychologicalFeature100023100 yago:WikicatDatingMethods |
| rdfs:comment | Με τον όρο στρωματογραφία (stratigraphy) στην αρχαιολογία εννοείται η μελέτη της διάταξης των αποθέσεων ή στρωμάτων, δηλαδή της διαστρωμάτωσης (stratification), μιας αρχαιολογικής θέσης. Τα στρώματα σε μια αρχαιολογική θέση είναι φυσικά (βλ. στρωματογραφία) και πολιτισμικά, ή μόνον γεωλογικά (σε περιόδους εγκατάλειψης αρχαιολογικών θέσεων). Ανάλογα με τις φυσικές ή πολιτισμικές μεταβολές που λαμβάνουν χώρα σε μια θέση και τη διάρκειά τους, τα στρώματα ποικίλλουν ως προς το πάχος, τη σύσταση, το χρώμα και το περιεχόμενο. (el) Die Erfassung der Stratigraphie eines archäologischen Befundes ist eine wissenschaftliche Methode der Archäologie und hilft bei der relativen Altersbestimmung von Ablagerungen. Ihr Gegenstand ist die bei einer Ausgrabung in einem vertikalen Profil feststellbare Abfolge von Straten (lat. stratum, Pl. strata, zu sternere „ausbreiten“: „Schicht“), die durch natürliche und anthropogene Ablagerungen sowie Baumaßnahmen (Aufschüttung, Graben, Schacht, Brunnen, Pfostenloch, Planierung, Verfüllung etc.) entstanden ist. Auch die Abfolge der Straten selbst wird als archäologische Stratigraphie bezeichnet. (de) Wykopaliska stratygraficzne – jest to jedna z dwóch metod eksploracji stanowiska archeologicznego. Polega na usuwaniu warstw archeologicznych zgodnie z ich układem i konturami. Warstwy są usuwane w kolejności odwrotnej do tej w jakiej powstawały. Historia stanowiska jest odsłaniana od czasów najnowszych do czasów najdawniejszych.Archeolodzy posługują się tą metodą prowadzenia wykopalisk, kiedy tylko możliwe jest rozróżnienie warstw. Warstwy archeologiczne mają różne kształty, niejednakową miąższość oraz różny przebieg. Warstwy często są zaburzone, przemieszane przez działalność człowieka. Prowadzenie badań tą metodą jest pracochłonne i żmudne, przynosi jednak najlepsze efekty. (pl) La estratigrafía arqueológica es el estudio de la superposición de capas o estratos de la tierra en el terreno con una finalidad arqueológica. Cada capa tiene una edad diferente, y según donde encontremos un objeto podemos establecer su antigüedad. (es) Stratigraphy is a key concept to modern archaeological theory and practice. Modern excavation techniques are based on stratigraphic principles. The concept derives from the geological use of the idea that sedimentation takes place according to uniform principles.When archaeological finds are below the surface of the ground (as is most commonly the case), the identification of the context of each find is vital in enabling the archaeologist to draw conclusions about the site and about the nature and date of its occupation. It is the archaeologist's role to attempt to discover what contexts exist and how they came to be created. Archaeological stratification or sequence is the dynamic superimposition of single units of stratigraphy, or contexts. (en) La stratigrafia è la scienza che descrive gli strati archeologici. In particolare, sono oggetto di analisi, per ricostruire la storia degli strati, forma, concatenamento, divisione e successione. Le basi di questa scienza furono gettate da Niccolò Stenone nel XVII secolo, il quale dimostrò che gli strati geologici si sovrapponevano nel tempo e che quelli più antichi erano i più profondi. Fondamentale fu anche il contributo di William Smith (XIX secolo), che sottolineò l'importanza dei fossili per distinguere adeguatamente gli strati. (it) Estratigrafia é um conceito chave para a prática e teoria arqueológica moderna. Técnicas modernas de escavação são baseadas em princípios estratigráficos. O conceito deriva do princípio geológico de que a sedimentação ocorre de acordo com princípios uniformes. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Stratigraphie (Archäologie) (de) Στρωματογραφία (αρχαιολογία) (el) Estratigrafía arqueológica (es) Stratigrafia (archeologia) (it) Wykopaliska stratygraficzne (pl) Estratigrafia (arqueologia) (pt) Stratigraphy (archaeology) (en) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Stratigraphy (archaeology) yago-res:Stratigraphy (archaeology) http://d-nb.info/gnd/4316835-8 wikidata:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-de:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-el:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-es:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-fa:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-he:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-it:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-la:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-no:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-pl:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-pt:Stratigraphy (archaeology) dbpedia-sq:Stratigraphy (archaeology) http://ta.dbpedia.org/resource/மண்ணடுக்காய்வு_(தொல்லியல்) https://global.dbpedia.org/id/TLGF |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Stratigraphy_(archaeology)?oldid=1073669692&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Archaeological_stratigraphy_at_Goosehill_Camp.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Harris_matrix_example.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/1555_-_Keramikos_arch...y_Giovanni_Dall'Orto,_Nov_12_2009.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Harris_section_example.jpg |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Stratigraphy_(archaeology) |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Stratification_(archeology) dbr:Archaeological_stratigraphy dbr:Stratification_(archaeology) |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Calver_Island dbr:Epoch_of_Extreme_Inundations dbr:Musti_(Tunisia) dbr:1937_in_archaeology dbr:Beit_Guvrin_National_Park dbr:Blueberry_Lake_Village_Site dbr:Hypogeum_of_Sant'Iroxi dbr:Dewil_Valley dbr:International_School_of_American_Archeology_and_Ethnology_in_Mexico dbr:Prehistoric_archaeology dbr:Mawaki_Site dbr:Gault_(archaeological_site) dbr:Lowder's_Ferry_site dbr:Tikal_Temple_33 dbr:Chutu_dynasty dbr:Elizabeth_Warder_Crozer_Campbell dbr:Gezer_calendar dbr:Giants_of_Mont'e_Prama dbr:Glossary_of_archaeology dbr:Glossary_of_history dbr:Gordon_Willey dbr:Mortimer_Wheeler dbr:Mount_Mazama dbr:Muroya_Cave dbr:Münsingen dbr:Theresa_Goell dbr:Thickthorn_Down_Long_Barrows dbr:Marquesan_Dog dbr:Archaeological_Museum_of_the_American_University_of_Beirut dbr:Archaeological_excavation dbr:Los_Toldos_(Santa_Cruz) dbr:Siyot_Caves dbr:Ōzakai_cave_dwelling_site dbr:Stratification_(archeology) dbr:Mezmaiskaya_cave dbr:Burscough_Roman_fort dbr:Cave_of_Pego_do_Diabo dbr:Time_Team_(series_9) dbr:Troy dbr:Tulul_adh-Dhahab dbr:Dja'de_el-Mughara dbr:Late_Bronze_Age_Troy dbr:Minoan_Moulds_of_Palaikastro dbr:Afontova_Gora dbr:Alfred_V._Kidder dbr:Cucurbita dbr:Cueva_de_las_Manos dbr:Damghan dbr:Fortifications_of_Frankfurt dbr:North_China dbr:Pabillonis dbr:Paine_Run_Rockshelter dbr:Central_Bosnian_cultural_group dbr:Chronological_dating dbr:Daojali_Hading dbr:Gottlieb_Schumacher dbr:Guilá_Naquitz_Cave dbr:Hampton_Down_Stone_Circle dbr:Hasmukh_Dhirajlal_Sankalia dbr:Hibakoiwa_Caves dbr:Hidden_Valley_Rockshelter dbr:Baghdad_Battery dbr:Tell_Saadiya dbr:Tell_el-Hesi dbr:Chebaki_Fortress_Sve-Takh dbr:KV27 dbr:Kamikuroiwaiwakage_Site dbr:Kaninë dbr:Keezhadi dbr:Keezhadi_excavation_site dbr:Kōrokan dbr:La_Tène_(archaeological_site) dbr:Laugerie-Basse dbr:Taforalt dbr:Holborn_Head dbr:Holmul dbr:Yaz_culture dbr:Docking,_Norfolk dbr:Marilyn_Kelly-Buccellati dbr:Burnt_layer dbr:Soro_Mik'aya_Patjxa dbr:Knap_Hill dbr:Natsushima_Shell_Mound dbr:Neferefre dbr:Nwya_Devu dbr:Shantungosaurus dbr:Christian_Maclagan dbr:Wor_Barrow dbr:Wright-Patterson_Air_Force_Base_Mound dbr:Yoshizaki-Suba_Site dbr:Luigi_Bernabò_Brea dbr:Seriation_(archaeology) dbr:Euthydikos_Kore dbr:Sondage dbr:Paloma_(archaeological_site) dbr:Pešturina dbr:Panaramitee_Style dbr:Riadino-5_Site dbr:Roman_villa_of_Chiragan dbr:Archaeological_stratigraphy dbr:Stratification_(archaeology) |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Stratigraphy_(archaeology) |
