Taligent (original) (raw)
Taligent(タリジェント)は、1992年にApple ComputerとIBMが共同で設立した会社、およびその会社の開発していたオブジェクト指向の次世代オペレーティングシステム (OS) の名称である。これは1991年のIBMとAppleの包括的提携の実現化の1つで、1994年にはヒューレット・パッカードも資本参加した。
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| dbo:abstract | Taligent war eine von Apple und IBM im Jahr 1992 gemeinsam gegründete Firma, die die Aufgabe hatte, ein vollständig objektorientiertes und plattformunabhängiges Betriebssystem zu entwickeln. Durch diese Kooperation entstand auch die später von Apple genutzte PowerPC-Plattform. Gemeinsam entwickelten Apple, IBM und HP die später als CommonPoint bekannte Laufzeitumgebung für unterschiedliche Betriebssysteme. Begonnen hatte die Entwicklung bei Apple bereits 1988 als Betriebssystemprojekt „Pink“, das später gemeinsam mit IBM als TalOS weiterentwickelt, aber schließlich eingestellt wurde. Nach dem Ausstieg von Apple wurde das Projekt als Laufzeitumgebung zuerst in TalAE, später in CommonPoint umbenannt und zwischenzeitlich gemeinsam mit HP weiterentwickelt. Die Entwicklung von CommonPoint wurde 1998 eingestellt. (de) Taligent (a portmanteau of "talent" and "intelligent") was an American software company. Based on the Pink object-oriented operating system conceived by Apple in 1988, Taligent Inc. was incorporated as an Apple/IBM partnership in 1992, and was dissolved into IBM in 1998. In 1988, after launching System 6 and MultiFinder, Apple initiated the exploratory project named Pink to design the next generation of the classic Mac OS. Though diverging into a sprawling new dream system unrelated to Mac OS, Pink was wildly successful within Apple and a subject of industry hype without. In 1992, the new AIM alliance spawned an Apple/IBM partnership corporation named Taligent Inc., with the purpose of bringing Pink to market. In 1994, Hewlett-Packard joined the partnership with a 15% stake. After a two-year series of goal-shifting delays, Taligent OS was eventually canceled, but the CommonPoint application framework was launched in 1995 for AIX with a later beta for OS/2. CommonPoint had technological acclaim but an extremely complex learning curve, so sales were very low. Taligent OS and CommonPoint mirrored the sprawling scope of IBM's complementary Workplace OS, in redundantly overlapping attempts to become the ultimate universal system to unify all of the world's computers and operating systems with a single microkernel. From 1993 to 1996, Taligent was seen as competing with Microsoft Cairo and NeXTSTEP, even though Taligent didn't ship a product until 1995 and Cairo never shipped at all. From 1994 to 1996, Apple floated the Copland operating system project intended to succeed System 7, but never had a modern OS sophisticated enough to run Taligent technology. In 1995, Apple and HP withdrew from the Taligent partnership, licensed its technology, and left it as a wholly owned subsidiary of IBM. In January 1998, Taligent Inc. was finally dissolved into IBM. Taligent's legacy became the unbundling of CommonPoint's best compiler and application components and converting them into VisualAge C++ and the globally adopted Java Development Kit 1.1 (especially internationalization). In 1996, Apple instead bought NeXT and began synthesizing the classic Mac OS with the NeXTSTEP operating system. Mac OS X was launched on March 24, 2001, as the future of the Macintosh and eventually the iPhone. In the late 2010s, some of Apple's personnel and design concepts from Pink and from Purple (the first iPhone's codename) would resurface and blend into Google's Fuchsia operating system. Along with Workplace OS, Copland, and Cairo, Taligent is cited as a death march project of the 1990s, suffering from development hell as a result of feature creep and the second-system effect. (en) Taligent(タリジェント)は、1992年にApple ComputerとIBMが共同で設立した会社、およびその会社の開発していたオブジェクト指向の次世代オペレーティングシステム (OS) の名称である。これは1991年のIBMとAppleの包括的提携の実現化の1つで、1994年にはヒューレット・パッカードも資本参加した。 (ja) |
| dbo:fate | Dissolved byIBM (en) |
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| dbo:foundingDate | 1992-03-02 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:foundingYear | 1992-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
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| dbo:parentCompany | dbr:Apple_Inc. dbr:Hewlett-Packard dbr:IBM |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Taligent_company_logo.svg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://root.cern.ch/TaligentDocs/TaligentOnline/DocumentRoot/1.0/Docs/index.html https://archive.org/stream/IBMTaligent/TALEARLY https://archive.org/stream/IBMTaligent/TALOOF https://archive.org/stream/IBMTaligent/TALOTR https://archive.org/stream/IBMTaligent/TALTOP https://archive.org/stream/IBMTaligent/TALUSE http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser%3FSect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-bool.html&r=0&f=S&l=50&TERM1=Taligent&FIELD1=ASNM&co1=OR&TERM2=Object+Technology&FIELD2=ASNM&d=PTXT http://www.wildcrest.com/Potel/Portfolio/InsideTaligentTechnology/InsideTaligentTechnology.htm https://web.archive.org/web/19970328134525/http:/taligent.com/%7Ctitle=taligent.com https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Object-Frameworks-in-the-Taligent-OS-Andert/c93c4b37373b3ab641b3aa74f182c034a5b940ac |
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| dbp:align | right (en) |
| dbp:author | Stephen Kurtzman, project lead on the IBM Microkernel (en) Nisus Software, March 1995, after three months of Taligent training and three of coding (en) Steve Jobs, 1994 (en) Taligent CTO, Mike Potel (en) Tom Dougherty, Taligent engineer (en) Tom Saulpaugh in 1999, Mac OS engineer from June 1985, co-architect of Copland and JavaOS (en) |
| dbp:developer | Taligent Inc. (en) |
| dbp:divisions | Native system, development tools, complementary products (en) |
| dbp:fate | Dissolved by IBM (en) |
| dbp:founded | 1992-03-02 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:founder | Apple and IBM (en) |
| dbp:hqLocationCity | dbr:California dbr:Cupertino |
| dbp:hqLocationCountry | dbr:United_States |
| dbp:industry | dbr:Software_development |
| dbp:keyPeople | Erich Ringewald, Mike Potel, Mark Davis (en) |
| dbp:license | Proprietary (en) |
| dbp:logo | CommonPoint logo color.svg (en) Taligent company logo.svg (en) |
| dbp:name | CommonPoint (en) |
| dbp:numEmployees | 400 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:numEmployeesYear | 1995 (xsd:integer) |
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| dbp:operatingSystem | dbr:AIX dbr:OS/2 |
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| dbp:products | CommonPoint, Places for Project Teams (en) |
| dbp:programmingLanguage | dbr:C++ |
| dbp:quote | When is Pink going to ship? Two years. (en) TalOS was unique in its architecture. It was object oriented from the kernel up, and provided true pre-emptive multi-threaded multi-tasking. The end user experience revolved around a compound document-centric, multi-user networked, direct manipulation interface with infinite session undo. The principal interface theme was People, Places and Things. The networked interface represented remote users, as well as collaborative work spaces. In many ways it was more a graphic MOO than a traditional operating system. (en) |
| dbp:quoted | yes (en) |
| dbp:source | dbr:John_C._Dvorak Steve Jobs, 1995 (en) A Beginner's Guide to Developing with the Taligent Application Frameworks, Hewlett-Packard, 1995 (en) —a running joke at Apple (en) |
| dbp:text | 1.57788E7 (dbd:second) [NeXT is] ahead today, but the race is far from over. ... [In 1996,] Cairo will be very close behind, and Taligent will be very far behind. (en) Taligent's role in the world is to create an environment in which all the applications we buy individually are built directly into the operating system. Because the apps are programmable, you can put together your own custom-made suites. Taligent could mean the end of all applications as we know them. ... The suites are here to battle Taligent. (en) The pace of addition [to System 6 and 7] was staggering, so much so that Apple never had time to recode the low-level OS and fix some of its shortcomings. By 1990, these shortcomings, including no preemptive multitasking and no memory protection for applications, began to affect the quality of the product. The Mac was the easiest computer to use but also one of the most fragile. (en) No company is going to bet their project or job on a piece of software that is a 1.0 release. [Taligent has] another year or year and a half's worth of work ahead, because you only prove reliability from being out there. (en) [Taligent engineer Tom Chavez's] theory is that for the past few years [the industry's] hardware has become very fast and that it's traditional OSes that have been slowing [users] down. (en) Once you learn CommonPoint and Taligent's system you will be [an] expert C++ programmer, whether you want to or not. ... Basing apps on CommonPoint results in programs that are more consistent internally, cleaner, and allows the framework to do significant grunt work in cooperation with the Taligent environment. ... Taligent's frameworks are all coordinated much better than others I've seen. They're designed to work together with the underlying kernel, in a fashion similar to the Mac's ROM Toolbox calls, but on a supremely more advanced level. Nextstep is the closest thing to Taligent but it's already old and not nearly as advanced—despite the fact that until now it's been the fastest development platform, bar none. We have spoken with people who have used Nextstep and we considered it, but it's clear to us that CommonPoint is the next Nextstep, if you will. (en) In a survey we conducted, learnability was mentioned as a main inhibitor to framework use by developers familiar with frameworks, and early developers with Taligent experienced "a stiff learning curve" even for experienced C++ programmers. ... The time it takes to become a productive developer with Taligent frameworks is long ." (en) |
| dbp:type | Partnership (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Taligent(タリジェント)は、1992年にApple ComputerとIBMが共同で設立した会社、およびその会社の開発していたオブジェクト指向の次世代オペレーティングシステム (OS) の名称である。これは1991年のIBMとAppleの包括的提携の実現化の1つで、1994年にはヒューレット・パッカードも資本参加した。 (ja) Taligent war eine von Apple und IBM im Jahr 1992 gemeinsam gegründete Firma, die die Aufgabe hatte, ein vollständig objektorientiertes und plattformunabhängiges Betriebssystem zu entwickeln. Durch diese Kooperation entstand auch die später von Apple genutzte PowerPC-Plattform. Die Entwicklung von CommonPoint wurde 1998 eingestellt. (de) Taligent (a portmanteau of "talent" and "intelligent") was an American software company. Based on the Pink object-oriented operating system conceived by Apple in 1988, Taligent Inc. was incorporated as an Apple/IBM partnership in 1992, and was dissolved into IBM in 1998. Along with Workplace OS, Copland, and Cairo, Taligent is cited as a death march project of the 1990s, suffering from development hell as a result of feature creep and the second-system effect. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Taligent (de) Taligent (ja) Taligent (en) |
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