Tambouras (original) (raw)
The tambouras (Greek: ταμπουράς [tabuˈras]) is a Greek traditional string instrument of Byzantine origin. It has existed since at least the 10th century, when it was known in Assyria and Egypt. At that time, it might have between two and six strings, but Arabs adopted it, and called it a Tanbur. The characteristic long neck bears two strings, tuned five notes apart. It also similar to the Turkish tambur and each of them have same origin. Tanbur, a Persian word, according to some scholars taken from Sumerian ‘Pan Tur, meaning “Little bow”.
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| dbo:abstract | Ο ταμπουράς, με τη γενική έννοια, είναι η ελληνική ονομασία μιας ευρύτερης οικογένειας εγχόρδων μουσικών οργάνων, αλλά δηλώνει και ένα συγκεκριμένο ελληνικό παραδοσιακό όργανο, που ανήκει σ' αυτή την οικογένεια. Ο ταμπουράς γενικά, είναι ένα έγχορδο μουσικό όργανο με μακρύ χέρι, απόγονος της αρχαιοελληνικής πανδούρας και πρόγονος πανομοιότυπων λαούτων (όπως για παράδειγμα το τούρκικο ), καθώς θεωρείται όργανο αναβίωσης κυρίως στα βυζαντινά χρόνια. Ο ταμπουράς αναφέρεται στο βυζαντινό έπος του Διγενή Ακρίτα όταν ο ήρωας παίζει ένα θαμπούρι (μεσαιωνική μορφή ταμπουρά). Αυτά τα μουσικά όργανα έχουν βαθουλωτό σκάφος και το καπάκι είναι επίπεδο, με ή χωρίς τρύπα. Ο αριθμός των χορδών κυμαίνεται, συνήθως μεταξύ τριών (μονές, διπλές αλλά και τριπλές). Το μέγεθος των ταμπουράδων μπορεί να ξεπεράσει το ένα μέτρο.Από την αρχαιοελληνική πανδουρίδα, μέχρι τον 19ο αιώνα ο ταμπουράς, απέκτησε σταθερά τάστα και έγινε το σημερινό τρίχορδο μπουζούκι. Τα τελευταία χρόνια αυξάνεται το ενδιαφέρον για τον παλιό ταμπουρά στην Ελλάδα. Ο ταμπουράς έχει ενταχθεί ως απαραίτητος στα μουσικά σχολεία. Επειδή ο παραδοσιακός Ελληνικός ταμπουράς είναι χαμηλόφωνο όργανο, δεν χρησιμοποιείται συχνά ως κύριο σολιστικό όργανο, αλλά μάλλον εντός της παραδοσιακής ορχήστρας, για να συνοδεύει το κύριο όργανο (λύρα, βιολί, φλογέρα κ.λ.π). Ωστόσο, ο ταμπουράς είναι ουσιαστικά ένα σολιστικό όργανο. Αφού δεν είναι συγκερασμένο, δεν είναι κατάλληλο για το παίξιμο συγχορδιών. Ο ταμπουράς δεν χρησιμοποιείται στο ρεμπέτικο ούτε στο λαϊκό τραγούδι. Θεωρείται το ιδανικό όργανο για τη σπουδή των βυζαντινών κλιμάκων. (el) The tambouras (Greek: ταμπουράς [tabuˈras]) is a Greek traditional string instrument of Byzantine origin. It has existed since at least the 10th century, when it was known in Assyria and Egypt. At that time, it might have between two and six strings, but Arabs adopted it, and called it a Tanbur. The characteristic long neck bears two strings, tuned five notes apart. It also similar to the Turkish tambur and each of them have same origin. Tanbur, a Persian word, according to some scholars taken from Sumerian ‘Pan Tur, meaning “Little bow”. (en) Tambouras (em grego ταμπουράς, transl. tamburás), em sentido genérico, é a designação grega de uma família de instrumentos de corda, e, em sentido estrito, de um determinado instrumento pertencente a esta família. Em sentido genérico, tambourás designa para os gregos a família dos alaúdes de braço longo, como o saz turco, o tanbur, entre outros. Estes instrumentos têm como característica comum uma caixa de ressonância bojuda e um tampo plano, com ou se abertura, sobre o qual é apoiado um cavalete para sustentar as cordas. O braço destes instrumentos é sempre fino e longo, e possui trastes móveis, atados em espaços variáveis que permitem afinações em modos (com intervalos não temperados, maiores ou menores do que o semitom). O número de cordas não é sempre o mesmo, podendo ser duas, dois pares, três, três pares, dois pares e um trio. Predominam as três cordas (sejam elas em pares, simples ou em trios). As dimensões do instrumento também variam de acordo com a época e a região, podendo ultrapassar um metro de comprimento e também, às vezes, ser bastante reduzidas. Em sentido estrito, o tambouras é o tipo específico de alaúde de braço longo encontrado na Grécia desde, ao menos, o Período Helenístico (quando era conhecido como pandouris). Acredita-se que a designação "tambouras" seja uma transformação da palavra pandouris. No poema grego medieval Digenis Acritas o herói num dado momento toca seu tamboúri (variante da palavra tambouras). O tambourás grego caiu em desuso no final do século XIX, quando, sendo temperado e ganhando trastes, transformou-se no bouzouki. Nas últimas décadas, o tambouras vem sendo cada vez mais utilizado na Grécia por músicos interessados em pesquisar a tradição musical grega. (pt) |
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| dbp:background | String (en) |
| dbp:classification | Plucked (en) |
| dbp:imageCapt | Greek playing tambouras, 18th-century painting (en) |
| dbp:name | Tambouras (en) |
| dbp:related | * Panduri * Pandura * Chonguri * Dangubica * Samica * Tar (lute) * Setar * Tamburica * Bouzouki * Buzuq * Tambura * Baglamas * Bağlama * Šargija (en) |
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| gold:hypernym | dbr:Instrument |
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| rdfs:comment | The tambouras (Greek: ταμπουράς [tabuˈras]) is a Greek traditional string instrument of Byzantine origin. It has existed since at least the 10th century, when it was known in Assyria and Egypt. At that time, it might have between two and six strings, but Arabs adopted it, and called it a Tanbur. The characteristic long neck bears two strings, tuned five notes apart. It also similar to the Turkish tambur and each of them have same origin. Tanbur, a Persian word, according to some scholars taken from Sumerian ‘Pan Tur, meaning “Little bow”. (en) Ο ταμπουράς, με τη γενική έννοια, είναι η ελληνική ονομασία μιας ευρύτερης οικογένειας εγχόρδων μουσικών οργάνων, αλλά δηλώνει και ένα συγκεκριμένο ελληνικό παραδοσιακό όργανο, που ανήκει σ' αυτή την οικογένεια. Ο ταμπουράς γενικά, είναι ένα έγχορδο μουσικό όργανο με μακρύ χέρι, απόγονος της αρχαιοελληνικής πανδούρας και πρόγονος πανομοιότυπων λαούτων (όπως για παράδειγμα το τούρκικο ), καθώς θεωρείται όργανο αναβίωσης κυρίως στα βυζαντινά χρόνια. Ο ταμπουράς αναφέρεται στο βυζαντινό έπος του Διγενή Ακρίτα όταν ο ήρωας παίζει ένα θαμπούρι (μεσαιωνική μορφή ταμπουρά). (el) Tambouras (em grego ταμπουράς, transl. tamburás), em sentido genérico, é a designação grega de uma família de instrumentos de corda, e, em sentido estrito, de um determinado instrumento pertencente a esta família. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Tambouras (en) Ταμπουράς (el) Tambouras (pt) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Lute dbr:Evolution_of_the_lute |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Tambouras yago-res:Tambouras wikidata:Tambouras dbpedia-el:Tambouras dbpedia-pt:Tambouras https://global.dbpedia.org/id/3HE9U |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Tambouras?oldid=1118954464&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Vrakoforos_Tabouras.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Greek_musical_instruments.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Makriyannis_tambouras.jpg |
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