United States Army Air Service (original) (raw)

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Armádní letecká služba Spojených států amerických (anglicky: U.S. Army Air Service) byl název vojenského letectva Armády Spojených států od roku 1918 do roku 1926. Armádní letecká služba byla předchůdcem dnešního Letectva Spojených států. (cs)
Das United States Army Air Service (offiziell Air Service, United States Army) war die von 1918 bis 1926 bestehende Vorgänger-Organisation der United States Air Force. Sie wurde gegen Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs von Präsident Woodrow Wilson durch eine Executive Order am 24. Mai 1918 gegründet. Durch das National Defense Act von 1920 bekam das Air Service eine gesetzliche Grundlage und wurde zu einer eigenen Kampfabteilung innerhalb der US Army wie beispielsweise die Infanterie, die Kavallerie oder das Army Corps of Engineers. Geleitet wurde das Air Service von einem Chief of Air Service im Rang eines Generalmajors (davor von einem Director of Air Service). Die Truppenstärke betrug ab 1920 ungefähr 10.000 Mann. Streitigkeiten von Vertretern einer eigenständigen Luftwaffe (unter anderem Brigadegeneral Billy Mitchel) und Militärs, die das Air Service primär als Unterstützungseinheit für die Bodentruppen sahen, führten am 2. Juli 1926 zur Schaffung des United States Army Air Corps. Das United States Army Air Service war mit Flugzeugen vom Typ SPAD S.XIII, Nieuport 28, Salmson Sal II und Airco D.H.4 ausgerüstet. (de)
L’United States Army Air Service (ou simplement Air Service) est le nom de la force aérienne des États-Unis entre 1918 et 1926. (fr)
The United States Army Air Service (USAAS) (also known as the "Air Service", "U.S. Air Service" and before its legislative establishment in 1920, the "Air Service, United States Army") was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1918 and 1926 and a forerunner of the United States Air Force. It was established as an independent but temporary branch of the U.S. War Department during World War I by two executive orders of President Woodrow Wilson: on May 24, 1918, replacing the Aviation Section, Signal Corps as the nation's air force; and March 19, 1919, establishing a military Director of Air Service to control all aviation activities. Its life was extended for another year in July 1919, during which time Congress passed the legislation necessary to make it a permanent establishment. The National Defense Act of 1920 assigned the Air Service the status of "combatant arm of the line" of the United States Army with a major general in command. In France, the Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force, a separate entity under commanding General John J. Pershing that conducted the combat operations of U.S. military aviation, began field service in the spring of 1918. By the end of the war, the Air Service used 45 squadrons to cover 137 kilometers (85 miles) of front from Pont-à-Mousson to Sedan. 71 pursuit pilots were credited with shooting down five or more German aircraft while in American service. Overall the Air Service destroyed 756 enemy aircraft and 76 balloons in combat. 17 balloon companies also operated at the front, making 1,642 combat ascensions. 289 airplanes and 48 balloons were lost in battle. The Air Service was the first form of the air force to have an independent organizational structure and identity. Although officers concurrently held rank in various branches, after May 1918 their branch designation in official correspondence while on aviation assignment changed from "ASSC" (Aviation Section, Signal Corps) to "AS, USA" (Air Service, United States Army). After July 1, 1920, its personnel became members of the Air Service branch, receiving new commissions. During the war its responsibilities and functions were split between two coordinate agencies, the Division of Military Aeronautics (DMA) and the Bureau of Aircraft Production (BAP), each reporting directly to the Secretary of War, creating a dual authority over military aviation that caused unity of command difficulties. The seven-year history of the post-war Air Service was marked by a prolonged debate between adherents of airpower and the supporters of the traditional military services about the value of an independent Air Force. Airmen such as Brig. Gen. Billy Mitchell supported the concept. The Army's senior leadership from World War I, the United States Navy, and the majority of the nation's political leadership favored integration of all military aviation into the Army and Navy. Aided by a wave of pacifism following the war that drastically cut military budgets, opponents of an independent air force prevailed. The Air Service was renamed the Army Air Corps in 1926 as a compromise in the continuing struggle. (en)
La United States Army Air Service, era la denominazione del servizio di trasporto aereo militare della United States Army dal 1918 al 1926, e diretto antenato della United States Army Air Corps. Esso ha sostituito l'Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, succeduto brevemente dal . (it)
Służba Powietrzna Armii Stanów Zjednoczonych (ang. United States Army Air Service – USAAS) – wojskowa formacja lotnicza stworzona 24 maja 1918 roku w miejsce , utworzonej w momencie przystąpienia Stanów Zjednoczonych do I wojny światowej. W 1926 roku została zastąpiona przez Korpus Powietrzny Armii Stanów Zjednoczonych (United States Army Air Corps, USAAC). (pl)
O Serviço Aéreo do Exército dos Estados Unidos, (do inglês United States Army Air Service - USAAS), também conhecido como Serviço Aéreo dos Estados Unidos, ou depois do seu estabelecimento legal em 1920, simplesmente Serviço Aéreo, foi um precursor da Força Aérea dos Estados Unidos durante e depois da Primeira Guerra Mundial. (pt)
Авіаційна служба Армії США (англ. United States Army Air Service (AS, USA) — повітряні сили, окрема служба у складі армії США, що існувала з 1918 до 1926 року. Основним призначенням Авіаційної служби було ведення повітряної війни, повітряної розвідки противника, забезпечення панування в повітрі, завдання ураження об'єктам противника, підтримка з повітря сухопутних військ і корабельних угруповань флоту, перекидання повітрям військ і матеріальних засобів. (uk)

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Branch insignia of the Army Air Service (en)

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https://web.archive.org/web/20161018133446/http:/www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101105-005.pdf

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Armádní letecká služba Spojených států amerických (anglicky: U.S. Army Air Service) byl název vojenského letectva Armády Spojených států od roku 1918 do roku 1926. Armádní letecká služba byla předchůdcem dnešního Letectva Spojených států. (cs)
L’United States Army Air Service (ou simplement Air Service) est le nom de la force aérienne des États-Unis entre 1918 et 1926. (fr)
La United States Army Air Service, era la denominazione del servizio di trasporto aereo militare della United States Army dal 1918 al 1926, e diretto antenato della United States Army Air Corps. Esso ha sostituito l'Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps, succeduto brevemente dal . (it)
Służba Powietrzna Armii Stanów Zjednoczonych (ang. United States Army Air Service – USAAS) – wojskowa formacja lotnicza stworzona 24 maja 1918 roku w miejsce , utworzonej w momencie przystąpienia Stanów Zjednoczonych do I wojny światowej. W 1926 roku została zastąpiona przez Korpus Powietrzny Armii Stanów Zjednoczonych (United States Army Air Corps, USAAC). (pl)
O Serviço Aéreo do Exército dos Estados Unidos, (do inglês United States Army Air Service - USAAS), também conhecido como Serviço Aéreo dos Estados Unidos, ou depois do seu estabelecimento legal em 1920, simplesmente Serviço Aéreo, foi um precursor da Força Aérea dos Estados Unidos durante e depois da Primeira Guerra Mundial. (pt)
Авіаційна служба Армії США (англ. United States Army Air Service (AS, USA) — повітряні сили, окрема служба у складі армії США, що існувала з 1918 до 1926 року. Основним призначенням Авіаційної служби було ведення повітряної війни, повітряної розвідки противника, забезпечення панування в повітрі, завдання ураження об'єктам противника, підтримка з повітря сухопутних військ і корабельних угруповань флоту, перекидання повітрям військ і матеріальних засобів. (uk)
Das United States Army Air Service (offiziell Air Service, United States Army) war die von 1918 bis 1926 bestehende Vorgänger-Organisation der United States Air Force. Sie wurde gegen Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs von Präsident Woodrow Wilson durch eine Executive Order am 24. Mai 1918 gegründet. Durch das National Defense Act von 1920 bekam das Air Service eine gesetzliche Grundlage und wurde zu einer eigenen Kampfabteilung innerhalb der US Army wie beispielsweise die Infanterie, die Kavallerie oder das Army Corps of Engineers. Geleitet wurde das Air Service von einem Chief of Air Service im Rang eines Generalmajors (davor von einem Director of Air Service). Die Truppenstärke betrug ab 1920 ungefähr 10.000 Mann. Streitigkeiten von Vertretern einer eigenständigen Luftwaffe (unter anderem Briga (de)
The United States Army Air Service (USAAS) (also known as the "Air Service", "U.S. Air Service" and before its legislative establishment in 1920, the "Air Service, United States Army") was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1918 and 1926 and a forerunner of the United States Air Force. It was established as an independent but temporary branch of the U.S. War Department during World War I by two executive orders of President Woodrow Wilson: on May 24, 1918, replacing the Aviation Section, Signal Corps as the nation's air force; and March 19, 1919, establishing a military Director of Air Service to control all aviation activities. Its life was extended for another year in July 1919, during which time Congress passed the legislation necessary to make it a p (en)

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United States Army Air Service (en)

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