Valley Forge (original) (raw)

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Valley Forge war der Name des Lagers, in dem George Washington mit seiner Armee im Winter 1777/78 während des Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges kampierte. Es befand sich im südlichen Pennsylvania, etwa 35 km nordwestlich von Philadelphia, im heutigen Montgomery County. Die Ortsbezeichnung leitet sich von einer Schmiede am Flüsschen ab. Im Winter 1777/78 hungerten Washingtons Truppen im Valley Forge. Häuptling Shenandoah von den Oneida veranlasste seinen Stamm, Lebensmittel aus ihren Reserven über mehrere hundert Kilometer zu Fuß herbeizuschaffen. Bis Februar 1778 starben hier fast 2500 Soldaten an Unterernährung, Kälte und Krankheiten.

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dbo:abstract Valley Forge war der Name des Lagers, in dem George Washington mit seiner Armee im Winter 1777/78 während des Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges kampierte. Es befand sich im südlichen Pennsylvania, etwa 35 km nordwestlich von Philadelphia, im heutigen Montgomery County. Die Ortsbezeichnung leitet sich von einer Schmiede am Flüsschen ab. Im Winter 1777/78 hungerten Washingtons Truppen im Valley Forge. Häuptling Shenandoah von den Oneida veranlasste seinen Stamm, Lebensmittel aus ihren Reserven über mehrere hundert Kilometer zu Fuß herbeizuschaffen. Bis Februar 1778 starben hier fast 2500 Soldaten an Unterernährung, Kälte und Krankheiten. (de) Valley Forge en Pensilvania fue el sitio del campamento del Ejército Continental estadounidense en el invierno de 1777–1778 durante la Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos. (es) En décembre 1777 le général George Washington a décidé d'établir ses quartiers d'hiver à Valley Forge en Pennsylvanie, à 40 km de Philadelphie occupée alors par les Britanniques. C'était un endroit assez en hauteur ce qui permettait à l'armée américaine de se défendre efficacement en cas d'éventuelles attaques des troupes britanniques, mais c'était la seule qualité de cet endroit ; une terre hostile et désolée, battue en hiver par un vent glacial et les bourrasques de neige et n'était en aucun cas un refuge. (fr) Valley Forge functioned as the third of eight winter encampments for the Continental Army's main body, commanded by General George Washington, during the American Revolutionary War. In September 1777, Congress fled Philadelphia to escape the British capture of the city. After failing to retake Philadelphia, Washington led his 12,000-man army into winter quarters at Valley Forge, located approximately 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Philadelphia. They remained there for six months, from December 19, 1777 to June 19, 1778. At Valley Forge, the Continentals struggled to manage a disastrous supply crisis while retraining and reorganizing their units. About 1,700 to 2,000 soldiers died from disease, possibly exacerbated by malnutrition. Today, Valley Forge National Historical Park protects and preserves over 3,500 acres of the original encampment site. (en) Valley Forge è una località della Pennsylvania, Stati Uniti d'America, rimasta celebre per aver ospitato, fra il 1777 e il 1778, gli accampamenti invernali dell'Esercito continentale guidato da George Washington durante la Guerra d'indipendenza americana. (it) 밸리 포지(Valley Forge)는 미국 독립 전쟁 중인 1777년에서 1778년 사이에 대륙군이 동계에 주둔한 곳으로 필라델피아에서 북서쪽으로 약 20마일 떨어진 펜실베이니아에 위치하고 있다. 그때까지 대륙회의의 개최 장소이자, 실질적인 수도의 역할을 했던 필라델피아가 영국군에 점령당하고, 그 겨울 조지 워싱턴 장군은 가장 어려운 상황에 놓여 있었지만, 군대 재교육을 활성화시키는 시기가 되기도 하였다. 1778년 프랑스가 미국과 동맹을 맺고 참전한 해지만, 이후 몇 년 동안 미국 독립 전쟁은 지리한 소모전 양상을 보였다. 굶주림과 질병 그리고 동상으로 1778년 2월말경에는 거의 2,500명의 미합중국 군인들이 사망했다. (ko) Valley Forge is de plaats waar George Washington zijn kamp opsloeg in de winter van 1777-1778 tijdens de Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog. Het is gelegen in het zuiden van Pennsylvania, op ongeveer 35 km ten noordwesten van Philadelphia. De plaats is genoemd naar een smidse, gelegen aan de rivier Valley Creek. Het was hier dat baron von Steuben zich aansloot bij het leger van Washington. (nl) Valley Forge – dolina nad rzeką Schuylkill w stanie Pensylwania, położona około 40 kilometrów na zachód od Filadelfii, gdzie generał Jerzy Waszyngton i jego żołnierze obozowali zimą 1777/1778 w czasie trwania wojny o niepodległość Stanów Zjednoczonych (1775–1783). Było to ciężkie doświadczenie dla Waszyngtona i jego Armii Kontynentalnej. Po przegranych potyczkach nad Brandywine i pod Germantown w Pensylwanii Waszyngton musiał wycofać się na zachód, oddając Filadelfię w ręce Brytyjczyków. 19 grudnia armia dotarła do Valley Forge. Wojsko nie było przygotowane na obozowanie w trudnych, zimowych warunkach. Brakowało żywności i odzieży, a Kongres Kontynentalny nie był w stanie przyjść z pomocą. Około dziesięciotysięczna armia obozowała w zbudowanych przez siebie prowizorycznych szałasach. 23 grudnia Waszyngton pisał: Dzisiaj co najmniej 2873 żołnierzy w obozie musiałem zwolnić ze służby, bo nie mają butów, a więc są w zasadzie nadzy... W okresie od grudnia do marca zmarło co najmniej 2000 żołnierzy. Obok głodu i zimna żniwo zbierała też ospa, ale pozostali byli raczej zadowoleni ze swego losu, bowiem Brytyjczycy, tkwiący w cieple i dostatku w Filadelfii, nie atakowali. Zima spędzona w dolinie Forge była dla Armii Kontynentalnej testem lojalności. Wytrwali tylko najbardziej zagorzali patrioci. Mimo wielu głosów krytyki Waszyngton utrzymał pozycje w dolinie aż do wiosny 1778. Z pomocą byłego pruskiego oficera, barona von Steubena, który przybył do obozu 23 lutego, zdołał wyszkolić swych żołnierzy i uczynić z nich w pełni sprawną, zdyscyplinowaną formację wojskową. 6 maja 1778 do doliny dotarła – owacyjnie przyjęta – wieść o sojuszu zawartym właśnie pomiędzy Kongresem Kontynentalnym a Francją króla Ludwika XVI. To wzmocniło morale żołnierzy i pomogło zmusić w czerwcu Brytyjczyków do opuszczenia Filadelfii. W miejscu dawnego obozowiska mieści się dzisiaj . Zachował się, służący wówczas za kwaterę dowódcy, stary kamienny budynek, który obecnie stanowi centrum ekspozycji. Obok niego wzniesiono: kaplicę , pomnik oraz muzeum historii naturalnej. W pobliżu powstało też zgromadzenie zakonne Cloister of Colonies. (pl) バレーフォージ(英: Valley Forge)は、アメリカ独立戦争中の1777年から1778年にかけての冬、大陸軍が宿営地としたペンシルベニア州にある場所である。 それまで大陸会議の開催場所、首都であったフィラデルフィアをイギリス軍に占領され、この冬ジョージ・ワシントン将軍は最も困難な状況に置かれていたが、軍隊を再訓練し活性化させる期間でもあった。1778年はフランスがアメリカと同盟し参戦した年ではあるが、その後の数年間アメリカ独立戦争は持久戦の様相を呈した。 (ja) Vale Forge (em inglês, Valley Forge) na Pensilvânia, é o local onde ocorreram as batalhas lideradas por George Washington em favor da independência dos Estados Unidos nos anos de 1777 e 1778. O local é muito visitado pelos turistas que encontram um pouco da história em suas paisagens, bem como objetos que foram usados durante as batalhas. Hoje, o Parque Histórico Nacional Valley Forge protege e preserva mais de 3.500 acres do local de acampamento original. A área do parque abrange cerca de 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) e é visitado por cerca de 1.2 milhões de pessoas ao ano. O local funcionou como o terceiro de oito acampamentos de inverno para o corpo principal do Exército Continental , comandado pelo general George Washington, durante a Guerra Revolucionária Americana . Em setembro de 1777, o Congresso fugiu da Filadélfia para escapar da captura britânica da cidade. Depois de não conseguir retomar a Filadélfia, Washington liderou seu exército de 12.000 homens em quartéis de inverno em Valley Forge, localizado a aproximadamente 18 milhas (29 km) a noroeste da Filadélfia. Eles permaneceram lá por seis meses, de 19 de dezembro de 1777 a 19 de junho de 1778. Em Valley Forge, os Exército Continental lutou para administrar uma desastrosa crise de abastecimento enquanto treinavam e reorganizavam suas unidades. Cerca de 1.700 a 2.000 soldados morreram de doenças, possivelmente exacerbadas pela desnutrição. (pt) Велли-Фордж (англ. Valley Forge) — военный лагерь Континентальной армии, третий из восьми зимних лагерей армии Джорджа Вашингтона во время Войны за Независимость США. Осенью 1777 года британская армия разбила американцев в сражении при Брендивайне и заняла Филадельфию. Континентальная армия, численностью 12 000 человек, отступила на зимние квартиры в Велли-Фордж, примерно в 29 километрах от Филадельфии. Армия осталась в этом лагере на 6 месяцев, с декабря 1777 по июнь 1778 года. Несмотря на плохое снабжение и тяжелейшие условия зимовки, Вашингтону удалось за это время реорганизовать и обучить свою армию. От 1700 до 2000 человек умерло от болезней и недоедания. Когда британцы ушли из Филадельфии, Континентальная армия покинула лагерь и начала преследование, которое привело к сражению при Монмуте. (ru) 福吉谷(英語:Valley Forge),美国独立战争期间的大陆军的宿营根据地,现为美国国家历史公园。位于美国宾夕法尼亚州切斯特县,斯库尔基尔河畔的菲尼克斯维尔东南方7公里,费城西北29公里处。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment Valley Forge war der Name des Lagers, in dem George Washington mit seiner Armee im Winter 1777/78 während des Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitskrieges kampierte. Es befand sich im südlichen Pennsylvania, etwa 35 km nordwestlich von Philadelphia, im heutigen Montgomery County. Die Ortsbezeichnung leitet sich von einer Schmiede am Flüsschen ab. Im Winter 1777/78 hungerten Washingtons Truppen im Valley Forge. Häuptling Shenandoah von den Oneida veranlasste seinen Stamm, Lebensmittel aus ihren Reserven über mehrere hundert Kilometer zu Fuß herbeizuschaffen. Bis Februar 1778 starben hier fast 2500 Soldaten an Unterernährung, Kälte und Krankheiten. (de) Valley Forge en Pensilvania fue el sitio del campamento del Ejército Continental estadounidense en el invierno de 1777–1778 durante la Guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos. (es) En décembre 1777 le général George Washington a décidé d'établir ses quartiers d'hiver à Valley Forge en Pennsylvanie, à 40 km de Philadelphie occupée alors par les Britanniques. C'était un endroit assez en hauteur ce qui permettait à l'armée américaine de se défendre efficacement en cas d'éventuelles attaques des troupes britanniques, mais c'était la seule qualité de cet endroit ; une terre hostile et désolée, battue en hiver par un vent glacial et les bourrasques de neige et n'était en aucun cas un refuge. (fr) Valley Forge è una località della Pennsylvania, Stati Uniti d'America, rimasta celebre per aver ospitato, fra il 1777 e il 1778, gli accampamenti invernali dell'Esercito continentale guidato da George Washington durante la Guerra d'indipendenza americana. (it) 밸리 포지(Valley Forge)는 미국 독립 전쟁 중인 1777년에서 1778년 사이에 대륙군이 동계에 주둔한 곳으로 필라델피아에서 북서쪽으로 약 20마일 떨어진 펜실베이니아에 위치하고 있다. 그때까지 대륙회의의 개최 장소이자, 실질적인 수도의 역할을 했던 필라델피아가 영국군에 점령당하고, 그 겨울 조지 워싱턴 장군은 가장 어려운 상황에 놓여 있었지만, 군대 재교육을 활성화시키는 시기가 되기도 하였다. 1778년 프랑스가 미국과 동맹을 맺고 참전한 해지만, 이후 몇 년 동안 미국 독립 전쟁은 지리한 소모전 양상을 보였다. 굶주림과 질병 그리고 동상으로 1778년 2월말경에는 거의 2,500명의 미합중국 군인들이 사망했다. (ko) Valley Forge is de plaats waar George Washington zijn kamp opsloeg in de winter van 1777-1778 tijdens de Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog. Het is gelegen in het zuiden van Pennsylvania, op ongeveer 35 km ten noordwesten van Philadelphia. De plaats is genoemd naar een smidse, gelegen aan de rivier Valley Creek. Het was hier dat baron von Steuben zich aansloot bij het leger van Washington. (nl) バレーフォージ(英: Valley Forge)は、アメリカ独立戦争中の1777年から1778年にかけての冬、大陸軍が宿営地としたペンシルベニア州にある場所である。 それまで大陸会議の開催場所、首都であったフィラデルフィアをイギリス軍に占領され、この冬ジョージ・ワシントン将軍は最も困難な状況に置かれていたが、軍隊を再訓練し活性化させる期間でもあった。1778年はフランスがアメリカと同盟し参戦した年ではあるが、その後の数年間アメリカ独立戦争は持久戦の様相を呈した。 (ja) 福吉谷(英語:Valley Forge),美国独立战争期间的大陆军的宿营根据地,现为美国国家历史公园。位于美国宾夕法尼亚州切斯特县,斯库尔基尔河畔的菲尼克斯维尔东南方7公里,费城西北29公里处。 (zh) Valley Forge functioned as the third of eight winter encampments for the Continental Army's main body, commanded by General George Washington, during the American Revolutionary War. In September 1777, Congress fled Philadelphia to escape the British capture of the city. After failing to retake Philadelphia, Washington led his 12,000-man army into winter quarters at Valley Forge, located approximately 18 miles (29 km) northwest of Philadelphia. They remained there for six months, from December 19, 1777 to June 19, 1778. At Valley Forge, the Continentals struggled to manage a disastrous supply crisis while retraining and reorganizing their units. About 1,700 to 2,000 soldiers died from disease, possibly exacerbated by malnutrition. (en) Valley Forge – dolina nad rzeką Schuylkill w stanie Pensylwania, położona około 40 kilometrów na zachód od Filadelfii, gdzie generał Jerzy Waszyngton i jego żołnierze obozowali zimą 1777/1778 w czasie trwania wojny o niepodległość Stanów Zjednoczonych (1775–1783). Było to ciężkie doświadczenie dla Waszyngtona i jego Armii Kontynentalnej. Dzisiaj co najmniej 2873 żołnierzy w obozie musiałem zwolnić ze służby, bo nie mają butów, a więc są w zasadzie nadzy... (pl) Vale Forge (em inglês, Valley Forge) na Pensilvânia, é o local onde ocorreram as batalhas lideradas por George Washington em favor da independência dos Estados Unidos nos anos de 1777 e 1778. O local é muito visitado pelos turistas que encontram um pouco da história em suas paisagens, bem como objetos que foram usados durante as batalhas. Hoje, o Parque Histórico Nacional Valley Forge protege e preserva mais de 3.500 acres do local de acampamento original. A área do parque abrange cerca de 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) e é visitado por cerca de 1.2 milhões de pessoas ao ano. (pt) Велли-Фордж (англ. Valley Forge) — военный лагерь Континентальной армии, третий из восьми зимних лагерей армии Джорджа Вашингтона во время Войны за Независимость США. Осенью 1777 года британская армия разбила американцев в сражении при Брендивайне и заняла Филадельфию. Континентальная армия, численностью 12 000 человек, отступила на зимние квартиры в Велли-Фордж, примерно в 29 километрах от Филадельфии. Армия осталась в этом лагере на 6 месяцев, с декабря 1777 по июнь 1778 года. Несмотря на плохое снабжение и тяжелейшие условия зимовки, Вашингтону удалось за это время реорганизовать и обучить свою армию. От 1700 до 2000 человек умерло от болезней и недоедания. Когда британцы ушли из Филадельфии, Континентальная армия покинула лагерь и начала преследование, которое привело к сражению при Мо (ru)
rdfs:label Valley Forge (en) Valley Forge (de) Valley Forge (es) Valley Forge (fr) Valley Forge (it) バレーフォージ (ja) 밸리 포지 (ko) Valley Forge (nl) Valley Forge (pl) Vale Forge (pt) Велли-Фордж (ru) 福吉谷 (zh)
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