War of the Three Henries (976–978) (original) (raw)
Válka tří Jindřichů (977–978) bylo krátké povstání tří německých šlechticů, kteří všichni nesli jméno Jindřich, proti císaři Otovi II.
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| dbo:abstract | Válka tří Jindřichů (977–978) bylo krátké povstání tří německých šlechticů, kteří všichni nesli jméno Jindřich, proti císaři Otovi II. (cs) Ο Πόλεμος των Τριών Ερρίκων ήταν μια σύντομη εξέγερση τριών Γερμανών ηγετών, που είχαν όλοι το όνομα Ερρίκος. Η εξέγερση ξεκίνησε το 977 κατά της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας και του τότε αυτοκράτορά της Όθωνα Β΄. (el) Hiru Enrikeen Gerra 977an Oton II.a enperadorearen aurka Enrike izeneko hiru germaniar liderrek egin zuten matxinada labur bat izan zen. Azpijokoa Bavarian gertatu zen, Oton aurka kanpatuta zegoen bitartean. Konspiratzaileek, , , berriki bere titulua kendu zitzaiona, eta , elizaren laguntza ere bazuten. Oton, aliatuta, lehenik Passauren aurka joan zen, errebeldeen esku zegoena. Hiria irailean errenditu zen enperadorearen setio estrategiei esker, horien artean txalupek ibai gainean osatutako zubi bat zegoelarik. 978ko Bazkoan, hiru matxinoak Magdeburgon zigortuak izan ziren. Dukeak erbesteratuak izan ziren, Eta Enrike Karintiakoak bere dukerria zen seme zen alde galdu zuen. Gotzaina urte horretako uztaileraino kartzelatua izan zen. Gatazkaren emaitza nagusia Bavarian erabateko menpekotasuna izan zen: une honetatik aurrera jada ez zen izan handiena. (eu) La guerra de los tres Enriques fue una breve rebelión de tres líderes germanos, todos ellos llamados Enrique, contra el emperador Otón II, en 977. La conspiración se desarrolló en Baviera, mientras Otón estaba acampado contra Boleslao II de Bohemia. Los conspiradores—Enrique I, obispo de Augsburgo; Enrique II, duque de Baviera, quien recientemente había sido desposeído de su título; y Enrique III, duque de Carintia— también tenían el apoyo de la Iglesia. Otón, aliado con Otón I, duque de Suabia y Baviera, marchó primero contra Passau, en poder de los rebeldes. La ciudad se rindió en septiembre gracias a las tácticas de asedio del emperador, que incluía un puente construido con botes sobre el río. Durante la Pascua de 978, los tres insurrectos fueron castigados en Magdeburgo. Ambos duques fueron desterrados, y Enrique de Carintia perdió su ducado en favor de Otón I, hijo de Conrado el Rojo, duque de Lorena. El obispo fue encarcelado hasta julio de ese año. El principal resultado del conflicto fue la completa sumisión de Baviera: a partir de este momento ya no fue el más grande de los antiguos ducados tribales. (es) The War of the Three Henries was a brief rebellion of three German princes, all called Henry, against Emperor Otto II in 976–977, with a final peace imposed in 978. In 973 Otto II had succeeded his father Emperor Otto I without disturbance. However, like his father he had to cope with a restless Saxon nobility, hostile towards his "foreign" consort, Theophanu, and the unstable conditions in Italy culminating in the murder of Pope Benedict VI in 974. He attempted a conciliation with his Ottonian cousin Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, but Henry—not for nothing called "the Wrangler"—challenged the Emperor by enthroning his Luitpolding relative Henry I as Bishop of Augsburg in 973 with the aid of Burchard III, Duke of Swabia. Otto had to approve the installation; when Duke Burchard III died in the same year, he denied the Burcharding heritage claims vesting his nephew Otto I with the Duchy of Swabia. This enfeoffment in turn was considered as an affront by Henry the Wrangler. He forged an alliance with Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia, and Mieszko I of Poland, but chose to submit before armed conflicts broke out. Temporarily imprisoned in Ingelheim, Duke Henry returned to Bavaria in 976 and continued to plot against Otto, even scheming with Saxon nobles like Gunther, Margrave of Merseburg, Egbert the One-Eyed or Dedo I of Wettin. Otto marched against Bavaria and occupied Henry's residence in Regensburg; the duke had to flee to the court of his ally Boleslaus II of Bohemia. In Regenburg, Otto declared Henry deposed and decreed the separation of the Carinthian lands from Bavaria, about a third of the duchy's territory. He enfeoffed his nephew Otto I, Duke of Swabia since 973, with remaining Bavaria and vested the Luitpolding scion Henry the Younger with the newly established Duchy of Carinthia. In 977, the conflict escalated. While the emperor's troops invaded the Duchy of Bohemia and enforced the submission of Duke Boleslaus II, a new conspiracy arose in Bavaria. The conspirators — Bishop Henry I of Augsburg, the recently deposed Henry the Wrangler, and the Carinthian Duke Henry I the Younger — even had the support of the Church. Emperor Otto could rely on the support of his nephew Otto I, then Duke of Swabia and Bavaria, and attacked Passau, where the rebels had assembled. Finally in September 977, the town surrendered due to his siege tactics, which included a bridge of boats. At the Easter court of 978, at Magdeburg, the three insurrectionists were punished. Both dukes were banished: Henry the Wrangeler was imprisoned in the custody of Bishop Folcmar of Utrecht; Henry of Carinthia lost his duchy to the Salian Count Otto of Worms, son of Conrad the Red, the former Duke of Lotharingia. Bishop Henry was arrested in Werden Abbey, but released in July. The War of the Three Henries was quickly followed by a war with France. In August 978, King Lothair of France surprised Otto by taking his army of nearly 20,000 against Aachen. Otto fled to Dortmund to prepare a response. In September Otto counter-invaded the West Frankish kingdom, capturing Reims, Soissons, Laon and laying siege to Paris. But plague and the onset of winter forced Otto to lift the siege and withdraw back to Germany. Lothair gave chase and destroyed the German rearguard. The chief result of the conflict was the complete subjection of Bavaria: henceforth it was no longer the indisputably greatest of the stem duchies. Unlike his father, Otto II made no attempt to reconcile with the Bavarian branch of his dynasty: Duke Henry's minor son and heir Henry II was sent to the Bishop of Hildesheim in order to prepare for an ecclesiastical career. His father Henry the Wrangler was not released until the emperor's death in 983. (en) La guerra dei tre Enrichi fu una breve ribellione di tre principi tedeschi, tutti chiamati Enrico, contro l'imperatore Ottone II nel 977-978. (it) Война трёх Генрихов — третья попытка баварского герцога Генриха II Строптивого силой добиться трона императора Священной Римской империи, предпринятая в 977 году и поддержанная герцогом Каринтии Генрихом I Младшим и их родственником, князем-епископом Аугсбургским . Восстание было подавлено императором Оттоном II, а оба герцога съездом князей в 978 году низложены, причём Генрих Баварский был арестован и помещён под надзор епископа Утрехта. Баварское герцогство в итоге было окончательно подчинено центральной власти. Епископу Аугсбурга после кратковременного заключения было разрешено вернуться в его епархию. После смерти Оттона II Генриху Баварскому и Генриху Каринтийскому были возвращены их владения. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Válka tří Jindřichů (977–978) bylo krátké povstání tří německých šlechticů, kteří všichni nesli jméno Jindřich, proti císaři Otovi II. (cs) Ο Πόλεμος των Τριών Ερρίκων ήταν μια σύντομη εξέγερση τριών Γερμανών ηγετών, που είχαν όλοι το όνομα Ερρίκος. Η εξέγερση ξεκίνησε το 977 κατά της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας και του τότε αυτοκράτορά της Όθωνα Β΄. (el) La guerra dei tre Enrichi fu una breve ribellione di tre principi tedeschi, tutti chiamati Enrico, contro l'imperatore Ottone II nel 977-978. (it) Hiru Enrikeen Gerra 977an Oton II.a enperadorearen aurka Enrike izeneko hiru germaniar liderrek egin zuten matxinada labur bat izan zen. Azpijokoa Bavarian gertatu zen, Oton aurka kanpatuta zegoen bitartean. Konspiratzaileek, , , berriki bere titulua kendu zitzaiona, eta , elizaren laguntza ere bazuten. Oton, aliatuta, lehenik Passauren aurka joan zen, errebeldeen esku zegoena. Hiria irailean errenditu zen enperadorearen setio estrategiei esker, horien artean txalupek ibai gainean osatutako zubi bat zegoelarik. (eu) La guerra de los tres Enriques fue una breve rebelión de tres líderes germanos, todos ellos llamados Enrique, contra el emperador Otón II, en 977. La conspiración se desarrolló en Baviera, mientras Otón estaba acampado contra Boleslao II de Bohemia. Los conspiradores—Enrique I, obispo de Augsburgo; Enrique II, duque de Baviera, quien recientemente había sido desposeído de su título; y Enrique III, duque de Carintia— también tenían el apoyo de la Iglesia. Otón, aliado con Otón I, duque de Suabia y Baviera, marchó primero contra Passau, en poder de los rebeldes. La ciudad se rindió en septiembre gracias a las tácticas de asedio del emperador, que incluía un puente construido con botes sobre el río. (es) The War of the Three Henries was a brief rebellion of three German princes, all called Henry, against Emperor Otto II in 976–977, with a final peace imposed in 978. In 973 Otto II had succeeded his father Emperor Otto I without disturbance. However, like his father he had to cope with a restless Saxon nobility, hostile towards his "foreign" consort, Theophanu, and the unstable conditions in Italy culminating in the murder of Pope Benedict VI in 974. He attempted a conciliation with his Ottonian cousin Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, but Henry—not for nothing called "the Wrangler"—challenged the Emperor by enthroning his Luitpolding relative Henry I as Bishop of Augsburg in 973 with the aid of Burchard III, Duke of Swabia. Otto had to approve the installation; when Duke Burchard III died in the (en) Война трёх Генрихов — третья попытка баварского герцога Генриха II Строптивого силой добиться трона императора Священной Римской империи, предпринятая в 977 году и поддержанная герцогом Каринтии Генрихом I Младшим и их родственником, князем-епископом Аугсбургским . Восстание было подавлено императором Оттоном II, а оба герцога съездом князей в 978 году низложены, причём Генрих Баварский был арестован и помещён под надзор епископа Утрехта. Баварское герцогство в итоге было окончательно подчинено центральной власти. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Válka tří Jindřichů (977–978) (cs) Πόλεμος των Τριών Ερρίκων (977–978) (el) Guerra de los tres Enriques (977-978) (es) Hiru Enrikeen Gerra (eu) Guerra dei tre Enrichi (977-978) (it) Война трёх Генрихов (977) (ru) War of the Three Henries (976–978) (en) |
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