Women's sports (original) (raw)
- L'esport femení comprèn el conjunt de les pràctiques esportives femenines, professionals, amateurs o de temps lliure. La participació de les dones en els esports va tenir un gran auge al segle xx, especialment en el darrer quart d'aquell segle, reflectint els canvis en les societats modernes que donaven èmfasi a la paritat entre els sexes. Encara que el nivell de participació femenina varia molt entre els països i per cada esport, actualment té gran acceptació a pràcticament tot el món i en alguns casos, com el tennis i el patinatge artístic, rivalitzen o superen en popularitat als seus homònims masculins. Cal destacar que normalment les dones no competeixen en termes iguals, en les disciplines esportives, amb els homes. (ca)
- وُجدت الرياضات النسائية، سواء للهواة أو المحترفين، في جميع أنحاء العالم وفي جميع أنواع الألعاب الرياضية منذ قرون. زادت مشاركة الإناث وشعبيتهن في الرياضة بشكل كبير في القرن العشرين، خاصة في ربع القرن الأخير، ما يعكس التغيرات في المجتمعات الحديثة التي تؤكد التكافؤ بين الجنسين. الرياضات النسائية مقبولة عمومًا في جميع أنحاء العالم اليوم، رغم اختلاف مستوى المشاركة والأداء اختلافًا كبيرًا حسب البلد والرياضة. هناك تفاوت كبير في معدلات المشاركة بين النساء والرجال، رغم ازدياد مشاركة المرأة في الألعاب الرياضية. تسود هذه الفوارق عالميًا، وتستمر في كبحها المساواة في مجال الرياضة. ما تزال العديد من المؤسسات والبرامج محافظة، ولا تساهم في المساواة بين الجنسين في الألعاب الرياضية. تواجه النساء اللاتي يمارسن الرياضة العديد من العقبات اليوم، مثل الأجور المنخفضة، وقلة التغطية الإعلامية، والإصابات المختلفة مقارنة بنظرائهن من الذكور. شاركت العديد من الرياضيات في احتجاجات سلمية مثل إقامة الإضرابات، والحملات على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي، وحتى الدعاوى القضائية الفيدرالية، لمعالجة أوجه عدم المساواة هذه. (ar)
- Emakumeen kirola terminoa soilik parte-hartzaile emakumezkoak dituzten kirol-jarduera zein -lehiaketak izendatzeko erabiltzen da. Hau da, partaide guztiak emakumeak dira. Emakumeen kirola amateurra edota profesionala izan daiteke. Hala ere, emakumeen kirola ez da gizonena bezain ospetsua eta jarraitua. Emakumeen parte-hartzea kiroletan gizonena baino baxuagoa izan da. Izan ere, tradizioz ekintza publikoak diren ekintzetan (lan munduan, politikan eta kulturan, kasu) emakumeen parte-hartzea txikiagoa izan da beti.Emakumeak kiroletan sartzea prozesu berantiarra izan da eta era askotako mugak izan ditu. Batez ere estereotipo sozial eta kulturalei aurre egin behar izan diete; batez ere, gizonen eta emakumeen arteko desberdintasunen kontra egin behar izan dute, oso zabalduta dagoen pentsamendua baita. Historian zehar zenbait aldaketa eta borroka izan dira emakumeen kirola sustatzeko asmotan. Esan daiteke emakumeen kirola XIX. mendean hasi zela. Garai horretan, nabaria zen berdintasun eskubidea lortzeko . Izan ere, kirola ere bazegoen lortu nahi zituzten aurrerapausoen artean. (eu)
- Deporte femenino es un término utilizado para describir deportes y ligas de deportes donde los deportistas son exclusivamente mujeres. Los deportes femeninos, tanto aficionados como profesionales, han existido en todo el mundo durante siglos en todas las variedades de deportes. La participación y popularidad de las mujeres en los deportes aumentaron dramáticamente en el siglo XX, especialmente en el último cuarto de siglo, reflejando cambios en las sociedades modernas que enfatizan la paridad de género. Aunque el nivel de participación y rendimiento aún varía mucho según el país y el deporte, los deportes femeninos son generalmente aceptados en todo el mundo en la actualidad. Sin embargo, a pesar del aumento de la participación de las mujeres en los deportes, persiste una disparidad en las tasas de participación entre mujeres y hombres. Estas disparidades prevalecen a nivel mundial y continúan obstaculizando la igualdad en los deportes. Muchas instituciones y programas siguen siendo conservadores y no contribuyen a la equidad de género en el deporte. (es)
- Le sport féminin couvre l'ensemble des pratiques sportives féminines, professionnelles, amateurs ou de loisirs. Présent dans certaines civilisations antiques comme en témoignent des vestiges archéologiques, il semble connaître une éclipse relative au cours du Moyen Âge et surtout des Temps Modernes. Il réapparaît timidement sous la forme de gymnastique au cours du XIXe siècle mais les formes sportives proprement dites ont beaucoup de difficulté à s'imposer et il faut attendre les Jeux olympiques de 1928 pour que le sport féminin fasse son apparition dans le programme olympique. Certaines disciplines sportives, notamment en compétition, connaissent une différenciation plus ou moins marquée entre femmes et hommes tandis que d'autres sports sont mixtes (équitation, double mixte au tennis ou au badminton, voile, korfbal) ou s'ouvrent progressivement à la mixité (relais mixte en biathlon aux Jeux Olympiques). Au XXIe siècle, de très grandes disparités subsistent encore souvent dans le traitement des professionnalismes sportifs masculin et féminin. (fr)
- The participation of women and girls in sports, physical fitness and exercise, has been recorded to have existed throughout history. However, participation rates and activities vary in accordance with nation, era, geography, and stage of economic development. While initially occurring informally, the modern era of organized sports did not begin to emerge either for men or women until the late industrial age. Until roughly , women's activities tended to be informal and recreational in nature, lacked rules codes, and emphasized physical activity rather than competition. Today, women's sports are more sport-specific and have developed into both amateur levels of sport and professional levels in various places internationally, but is found primarily within developed countries where conscious organization and accumulation of wealth has occurred. In the mid-to-latter part of the 20th century, female participation in sport and the popularization of their involvement increased, particularly during its last quarter. Very few organized sports have been invented by women. Sports such as Newcomb ball, netball, acrobatic gymnastics and tumbling, and possibly stoolball, are examples. More recent examples include Pamela Frey's sport of in Argentina, and the game of Crokicurl by Liz Wreford and Leanne Muir in Canada. Sports involvement by women is more observable in well-developed countries and is often attributed to the presence of , a feminist ideology popularized in the United States of America. Today the level of participation and performance still varies greatly by country and by sport. Despite an increase in women's participation in sport, the male demographic is still the larger of the two. These demographic differences are observed globally. Female dominated sports are the one exception. Girls' participation in sports tend to be higher in the United States than in other parts of the world like Western Europe and Latin America. Girls' participation in more violent contact sports is far less than that of their male counterparts. Two important divisions exist in relation to female sporting categories. These sports either emerged exclusively as an organized female sport or were developed as an organized female variant of a sport first popularized by a male demographic and therefore became a female category. In all but a few exceptional cases, such as in the case of camogie, a female variant, or "women's game" uses the same name of the sport popularly played by men, but is classified into a different category which is differentiated by sex: men's or women's, or girls or boys. Female variants are widely common while organized female sports by comparison are rare and include team sports such as netball, throwball, artistic (née synchronized) swimming, and ringette. In female sports, the supposed benefits of gender parity, gender equity, and gender equality feminism are controversial. Men dominate the top elite spots in the vast majority of sports worldwide due to their biological advantages and the deliberate exclusion of male athletes prevents male participants from dominating for that reason. The conscious exclusion of male athletes from female sports has enabled them to produce an elite level of female athletes rather than male. In addition, female sports provide women and girls with a unique advantage by affording them the opportunity to feature as the sport's primary athletes rather than have to compete with males for attention, an achievement undermined by the inclusion of males. The Canadian sport of ringette, created in 1963, is the last team sport in history to have been created exclusively for the female sex. Today, female sports which have not yet become Olympic sports are blocked from IOC acceptance due to the fact that they must meet the IOC's gender parity quotas. Because the large majority of organized sports are first developed by and played predominantly by males, IOC gender parity strictly favours female variants despite their inability to pioneer an original sports model. Female sports by comparison face direct discrimination from the IOC due to the fact that female sports have a predominately female athlete base. As a result, they face IOC rejection regardless of their numbers because they are considered to be inadequate due to their female oriented programs, meaning they "do not have enough men", despite men dominating organized sports internationally. The IOC's Olympic Charter currently rejects any sport that isn't widely practiced by men in at least 75 countries and on 4 continents, and by women in 40 countries and on 3 continents. Due to the IOC's gender parity quotas, sports with a predominately male participation rate rather than female are automatically given priority status by the IOC. In addition, the Charter puts pressure on female sports federations to campaign for the inclusion of more male players rather than female, incentivizes male participation opportunities rather than female, and shuts female dominated sports like netball out. Except in a few rare cases like women's professional tennis, professional women's sport rarely provide competitors with a livable income. In addition, competing for media coverage of the women's variant of a sport which is primarily popular among males, creates complex barriers. More recently, there has been an increasing amount of interest, research, investment and production in regards to . Interest and research involving the identification of , particularly though not exclusively among high performance female athletes, has increased as well, such as in the case of concussions and the female athlete triad, a.k.a. "Relative energy deficiency in sport", (RED-S). At times female athletes have engaged in social activism in conjunction with their participation in sport. Protest methods have included playing strikes, social media campaigns, and in the case of America, federal lawsuits on grounds of inequality, usually as it relates to gender parity principles, American law and Title IX. Public service oriented promotional campaigns for girls in sport involve a variety of media campaign styles. (en)
- 女子スポーツ (英語: Women's sports) は女性によって行われるスポーツ。女性スポーツとも呼ばれる。 (ja)
- Lo sport femminile è l'insieme di pratiche sportive condotte, in forma sia dilettantistica che professionistica, da persone di sesso femminile.Il rapporto delle donne con lo sport, documentato fin dall'antichità, ha pagato periodi di oscurantismo: testimoniato da ampi reperti archeologici nel periodo romano ed ellenico, infatti, fu eclissato dopo la caduta dell'impero romano e per tutto il medioevo, riprendendo lentamente visibilità fino a ritrovare un proprio ruolo nella seconda metà del XIX secolo.Ufficialmente ammesso sulla scena olimpica nel 1928, paga ancora nel XXI secolo pregiudizi di natura culturale e religiosa, oltre ad avere in molti Paesi status dilettantistico e in molte discipline che a livello maschile sono professionistiche. (it)
- Begreppet damidrott syftar oftast på kvinnors organiserade idrottande, vanligtvis i separat indelningsklass, en så kallad "'damklass'". Damidrotten har oftast varit en vidareutveckling av herridrotten, som har utgjort normen för idrott i väsentligen de flesta idrottande kulturer. Oftast har damernas idrottande varit begränsat till ett betydligt mindre antal grenar, framförallt mindre fysiskt krävande, inom bland annat bollsporter (som basket, bordtennis, handboll och volleyboll), friidrott (tidigare enbart vissa grenar), gymnastik, ridning, simning, skidsport, sportskytte och tennis. (sv)
- Жіночі види спорту, як аматорські, так і професійні, існували у всьому світі століттями в різних видах спорту та в різних країнах. У 20 столітті, особливо в останню чверть століття, зросла участь жінок і популяризація їхнього залучення до спорту. Ці зміни більш помітні в добре розвинених країнах і часто пов'язані з наявністю фемінізму, гендерного паритету, феміністичної ідеології. Сьогодні рівень участі та результативності все ще сильно різниться залежно від країни та виду спорту. Що стосується спорту, в якому беруть участь жінки, існують два важливі підрозділи. Ці види спорту є або жіночою категорією, або жіночим варіантом спорту, де домінують чоловіки, або це види спорту, які виникли як спорт, орієнтований на жінок, створений виключно для спортсменок із навмисним виключенням спортсменів-чоловіків. В останньому випадку такі види спорту зустрічаються рідко і включають нетбол, художнє плавання, . Незважаючи на збільшення участі жінок у спорті, якщо порівнювати показники участі жінок і чоловіків у видах спорту, які включають чоловічу та жіночу категорію та виключаючи види спорту, де домінують жінки, демографічна група чоловіків все ще є більшою. Ці демографічні відмінності спостерігаються в усьому світі. Перешкоди, з якими стикаються жінки, які займаються спортом сьогодні, можуть включати обмежену кількість професійних можливостей для спортсменок, які пов'язані з низькою оплатою праці, обмеженим висвітленням у ЗМІ в спортивній індустрії та травмами, пов'язаними зі статтю. Іноді спортсменки займаються громадською діяльністю в поєднанні зі своєю участю в спорті. (uk)
- 幾個世紀以來,女子體育,無論是業餘的還是職業的,在世界各地的各種運動中都存在。女性在體育運動中的參與度和受歡迎程度在 20 世紀,特別是在過去的 25 年裡急劇增加,反映了強調性別平等的現代社會的變化。目前從事體育運動或密切關注體育賽事的女性人數正在悄悄增加。 (zh)
- https://web.archive.org/web/20140527131109/http:/www.northnet.org/stlawrenceaauw/timeline.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20041115121944/http:/www.personal.psu.edu/users/s/j/sjf187/olympics/6.html
- https://www.irishtimes.com/student-hub/tackling-gender-barriers-to-sporting-equality-1.2619267
- https://www.npr.org/2011/08/02/138919822/the-nation-sports-dont-need-sex-to-sell
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- L'esport femení comprèn el conjunt de les pràctiques esportives femenines, professionals, amateurs o de temps lliure. La participació de les dones en els esports va tenir un gran auge al segle xx, especialment en el darrer quart d'aquell segle, reflectint els canvis en les societats modernes que donaven èmfasi a la paritat entre els sexes. Encara que el nivell de participació femenina varia molt entre els països i per cada esport, actualment té gran acceptació a pràcticament tot el món i en alguns casos, com el tennis i el patinatge artístic, rivalitzen o superen en popularitat als seus homònims masculins. Cal destacar que normalment les dones no competeixen en termes iguals, en les disciplines esportives, amb els homes. (ca)
- 女子スポーツ (英語: Women's sports) は女性によって行われるスポーツ。女性スポーツとも呼ばれる。 (ja)
- Lo sport femminile è l'insieme di pratiche sportive condotte, in forma sia dilettantistica che professionistica, da persone di sesso femminile.Il rapporto delle donne con lo sport, documentato fin dall'antichità, ha pagato periodi di oscurantismo: testimoniato da ampi reperti archeologici nel periodo romano ed ellenico, infatti, fu eclissato dopo la caduta dell'impero romano e per tutto il medioevo, riprendendo lentamente visibilità fino a ritrovare un proprio ruolo nella seconda metà del XIX secolo.Ufficialmente ammesso sulla scena olimpica nel 1928, paga ancora nel XXI secolo pregiudizi di natura culturale e religiosa, oltre ad avere in molti Paesi status dilettantistico e in molte discipline che a livello maschile sono professionistiche. (it)
- Begreppet damidrott syftar oftast på kvinnors organiserade idrottande, vanligtvis i separat indelningsklass, en så kallad "'damklass'". Damidrotten har oftast varit en vidareutveckling av herridrotten, som har utgjort normen för idrott i väsentligen de flesta idrottande kulturer. Oftast har damernas idrottande varit begränsat till ett betydligt mindre antal grenar, framförallt mindre fysiskt krävande, inom bland annat bollsporter (som basket, bordtennis, handboll och volleyboll), friidrott (tidigare enbart vissa grenar), gymnastik, ridning, simning, skidsport, sportskytte och tennis. (sv)
- 幾個世紀以來,女子體育,無論是業餘的還是職業的,在世界各地的各種運動中都存在。女性在體育運動中的參與度和受歡迎程度在 20 世紀,特別是在過去的 25 年裡急劇增加,反映了強調性別平等的現代社會的變化。目前從事體育運動或密切關注體育賽事的女性人數正在悄悄增加。 (zh)
- وُجدت الرياضات النسائية، سواء للهواة أو المحترفين، في جميع أنحاء العالم وفي جميع أنواع الألعاب الرياضية منذ قرون. زادت مشاركة الإناث وشعبيتهن في الرياضة بشكل كبير في القرن العشرين، خاصة في ربع القرن الأخير، ما يعكس التغيرات في المجتمعات الحديثة التي تؤكد التكافؤ بين الجنسين. الرياضات النسائية مقبولة عمومًا في جميع أنحاء العالم اليوم، رغم اختلاف مستوى المشاركة والأداء اختلافًا كبيرًا حسب البلد والرياضة. (ar)
- Deporte femenino es un término utilizado para describir deportes y ligas de deportes donde los deportistas son exclusivamente mujeres. Los deportes femeninos, tanto aficionados como profesionales, han existido en todo el mundo durante siglos en todas las variedades de deportes. La participación y popularidad de las mujeres en los deportes aumentaron dramáticamente en el siglo XX, especialmente en el último cuarto de siglo, reflejando cambios en las sociedades modernas que enfatizan la paridad de género. Aunque el nivel de participación y rendimiento aún varía mucho según el país y el deporte, los deportes femeninos son generalmente aceptados en todo el mundo en la actualidad. (es)
- Emakumeen kirola terminoa soilik parte-hartzaile emakumezkoak dituzten kirol-jarduera zein -lehiaketak izendatzeko erabiltzen da. Hau da, partaide guztiak emakumeak dira. Emakumeen kirola amateurra edota profesionala izan daiteke. Hala ere, emakumeen kirola ez da gizonena bezain ospetsua eta jarraitua. (eu)
- The participation of women and girls in sports, physical fitness and exercise, has been recorded to have existed throughout history. However, participation rates and activities vary in accordance with nation, era, geography, and stage of economic development. While initially occurring informally, the modern era of organized sports did not begin to emerge either for men or women until the late industrial age. (en)
- Le sport féminin couvre l'ensemble des pratiques sportives féminines, professionnelles, amateurs ou de loisirs. Présent dans certaines civilisations antiques comme en témoignent des vestiges archéologiques, il semble connaître une éclipse relative au cours du Moyen Âge et surtout des Temps Modernes. Il réapparaît timidement sous la forme de gymnastique au cours du XIXe siècle mais les formes sportives proprement dites ont beaucoup de difficulté à s'imposer et il faut attendre les Jeux olympiques de 1928 pour que le sport féminin fasse son apparition dans le programme olympique. Certaines disciplines sportives, notamment en compétition, connaissent une différenciation plus ou moins marquée entre femmes et hommes tandis que d'autres sports sont mixtes (équitation, double mixte au tennis ou a (fr)
- Жіночі види спорту, як аматорські, так і професійні, існували у всьому світі століттями в різних видах спорту та в різних країнах. У 20 столітті, особливо в останню чверть століття, зросла участь жінок і популяризація їхнього залучення до спорту. Ці зміни більш помітні в добре розвинених країнах і часто пов'язані з наявністю фемінізму, гендерного паритету, феміністичної ідеології. Сьогодні рівень участі та результативності все ще сильно різниться залежно від країни та виду спорту. (uk)
- Women's sports (en)
- رياضة نسائية (ar)
- Esport femení (ca)
- Emakumeen kirol (eu)
- Deporte femenino (es)
- Sport femminile (it)
- Sport féminin (fr)
- 女子スポーツ (ja)
- Desporto feminino (pt)
- Damidrott (sv)
- Жіночий спорт (uk)
- 女子體育 (zh)
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