Wu Cheng (philosopher) (original) (raw)
呉 澄（ご ちょう、1249年 - 1333年）は、中国元代の学者。字は幼清。草廬先生と称せられる。
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| dbo:abstract | 呉 澄（ご ちょう、1249年 - 1333年）は、中国元代の学者。字は幼清。草廬先生と称せられる。 (ja) Wú Chéng or Wu Ch'eng (1249 – 1333) (traditional Chinese: 吳澄; simplified Chinese: 吴澄), courtesy names Yòuqīng (Chinese: 幼清) and Bóqīng (Chinese: 伯清), studio names Yīwúshānrén (Chinese: 一吾山人) and Caolu Xiansheng (草廬先生; lit. "Mr. Grass Hut"), was a scholar, educator, and poet who lived in the late Song dynasty and Yuan dynasty. He was one of the most influential Neo-Confucian thinkers in those eras, and his influence continued to be prominent in the Ming and Qing periods. Wu Cheng was born in 1249 in Fuzhou, Jiangxi, into a poor family with a scholarly heritage. His early training was in the Zhu Xi (1130-1200) lineage, but he was also exposed to the idea of harmonizing the Zhu Xi teachings with those of Lu Xiangshan (1139-1193), and he also had an affinity for southern Daoism. This synthetic tendency was apparent in Wu’s later writings and exerted an influence on the development of xinxue 心學 (the School of the Mind and Heart) in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) eras. He died in 1333. Failing to pass the jinshi examination just prior to the invasion of Jiangxi by the Mongols, Wu supported the resistance forces of Wen Tianxiang (1236-1283). After the takeover, educators in the capital tried unsuccessfully to recruit him to serve the Yuan and instead disseminated his classical commentaries. He refused local appointments, but in 1309 he served in the Directorate of Education in Dadu (Beijing), leaving in 1312 over differences with those reinstituting the examination system, which had been defunct since the Mongol takeover. Wu had wished to broaden the classical curriculum beyond Zhu Xi’s commentaries on the Four Books and proposed models that challenged the prevailing plan. In the 1320s he also served in the Historical Bureau in the capital. Among Wu Cheng's contributions, there is a famous condemnation of the divination practice as described in the "Great Plan" (Hongfan 洪範) section of the Book of Documents, a classic for which he provided an alternative organization to the orthodox arrangement. According to him, Jizi, a virtuous relative of the last king of the Shang dynasty who was punished for remonstrating with the king, and who was responsible for the transmission of the teaching about divination prevailing among the opinions of nobles and ordinary people, was under the sway of Shang dynasty superstitions. The matter is discussed in Bernhard Karlgren's commentaries on the "Great Plan" (Nylan, 1992:169). Wu wrote original and critical commentaries on almost all of the classics, and the Dao de jing, but his greatest achievements were philosophical, in discussing the limits on human understanding of ideas like taiji (the Great Ultimate), and in emphasizing the need to crystallize moral truths within oneself (ningdao 凝道). His attempt to synthesize the ideas of Zhu Xi and Lu Xiangshan led him into adopting Lu’s ideas on interiority, thus anticipating the development of the Neo-Confucian School of Mind in the Ming and Qing eras. As a successful and popular teacher, Wu had many students over his long life, and it was as a mentor and inspiration to them that he made his greatest impact as a scholar in the Yuan era. (en) 吳澄（1249年－1333年），字幼清，晚年字伯清，號草廬，撫州崇仁（今江西崇仁咸口）人。宋元之际，著名的学者、理學家、文學家和教育家。 吳澄是元代重要的學者，和元初理學家許衡並稱為“北許南吳”。吳澄一生樂育，據說在六十多年的教學生涯中，有上千人追隨他學習，其中有不少是北方地區的學人，因此認為他澄對元代南北之間的文化和學術交流起到了巨大的貢獻。吳澄的很多弟子，如虞集、元明善、危素、蘇天爵、、等在元廷任職，推動南北之間的交流，也鞏固了元代中期的統一。吳澄在學術上主張和會朱陸，爲朱子理學的發展起到了積極的促進作用，部分學者將其視為宋代學者陸九淵和明代學者王陽明之間的橋樑。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | 呉 澄（ご ちょう、1249年 - 1333年）は、中国元代の学者。字は幼清。草廬先生と称せられる。 (ja) 吳澄（1249年－1333年），字幼清，晚年字伯清，號草廬，撫州崇仁（今江西崇仁咸口）人。宋元之际，著名的学者、理學家、文學家和教育家。 吳澄是元代重要的學者，和元初理學家許衡並稱為“北許南吳”。吳澄一生樂育，據說在六十多年的教學生涯中，有上千人追隨他學習，其中有不少是北方地區的學人，因此認為他澄對元代南北之間的文化和學術交流起到了巨大的貢獻。吳澄的很多弟子，如虞集、元明善、危素、蘇天爵、、等在元廷任職，推動南北之間的交流，也鞏固了元代中期的統一。吳澄在學術上主張和會朱陸，爲朱子理學的發展起到了積極的促進作用，部分學者將其視為宋代學者陸九淵和明代學者王陽明之間的橋樑。 (zh) Wú Chéng or Wu Ch'eng (1249 – 1333) (traditional Chinese: 吳澄; simplified Chinese: 吴澄), courtesy names Yòuqīng (Chinese: 幼清) and Bóqīng (Chinese: 伯清), studio names Yīwúshānrén (Chinese: 一吾山人) and Caolu Xiansheng (草廬先生; lit. "Mr. Grass Hut"), was a scholar, educator, and poet who lived in the late Song dynasty and Yuan dynasty. He was one of the most influential Neo-Confucian thinkers in those eras, and his influence continued to be prominent in the Ming and Qing periods. (en) |
| rdfs:label | 呉澄 (ja) Wu Cheng (philosopher) (en) 吳澄 (理學家) (zh) |
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