| dbo:abstract |
Jinshi (Chinese: 進士; pinyin: jìnshì) was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referred to in English-language sources as Imperial Scholars. The jinshi degree was first created after the institutionalization of the civil service exam. Initially it had been "for six categories" but was later consolidated into a single degree. This system first appeared during the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD). Throughout the Tang Dynasty, every year around one to two percent of test takers would obtain a jinshi title out of a total of one to two thousand test takers. The numbers of Jinshi degrees given out were increased in the Song Dynasty, and the examinations were given every three years. Most senior officials of the Song Dynasty were jinshi holders. The Ming Dynasty resumed the civil-service exam after its occurrence became more irregular in the Yuan Dynasty. After the reign of the Emperor Yingzong of Ming, it became the rule that only jinshi holders could enter the Hanlin Academy. On average around 89 jinshi per year were conferred. During the Qing dynasty around 102 jinshi degrees were given a year. The highest scoring jinshi in the country was known as the zhuangyuan, a term that survives today as a high scoring gaokao test taker or just someone who is very good at a skill. (en) 進士（しんし、拼音: jìnshì、満州語: ᡩᠣᠰᡳᡴᠠᠰᡳ、転写：dosikasi）とは、隋から北宋中期にかけての科挙の六科の一つ。王安石の改革で進士科以外が廃止された後は、科挙の登第者（合格者）を指し、以降の南宋から清まで続いた制度である。 (ja) 진사(進士)는 과거 단계 중의 하나이다. (ko) Jinshi (traditioneel Chinees: 進士, hanyu pinyin: Jìnshì) was de hoogste graad in het examenstelsel van het Chinees keizerrijk. In tegenstelling tot lagere graden was het een hoofdstedelijke graad, wat betekende dat de kandidaat diende af te reizen naar de hoofdstad van die tijd om deel te namen aan een algemeen examen en een ritueel examen, dat plaatsvond in het keizerlijk paleis. Het behalen van de jinshi-graad verleende mannen toegang tot de ambtenarij. Vanaf de regeerperiode van Ming-keizer Zhengtong gaf de graad ook toegang tot de prestigieuze Hanlin-academie in Beijing. Het was bijzonder moeilijk voor een kandidaat om de jinshi-graad te behalen. Eén tot twee procent van de examenkandidaten slaagde en behaalde de graad. Bekende ontvangers van de graad waren Song-hervormer Wang Anshi (1042) en Ming-kunstschilder Su Shi (1057), die de graad ontving op negentienjarige leeftijd. De kandidaat met de hoogste score op het paleisexamen kreeg de titel zhuangyuan (狀元). De titel was bijzonder prestigieus en bood doorgaans toegang tot een gezaghebbende publieke functie. (nl) 进士原是科舉的科目之一。中國古代科舉制度中，通過最後一級中央朝廷考試者，稱為進士。到了元朝以後，惟存進士一科，遂成為科舉功名的最高等級。民间又称考中进士为“金榜题名”。 (zh) |
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| dbp:c |
江忠源 (en) |
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進士 (en) |
| dbp:j |
zeon3 si6 (en) |
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"entered scholar" (en) |
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no (en) |
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Sūn Jiāgàn (en) jìnshì (en) |
| dbp:qn |
Tiến sĩ (en) |
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进士 (en) |
| dbp:t |
孫嘉淦 (en) 進士 (en) |
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Jinshi (en) |
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chin⁴-shih⁴ (en) |
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進士（しんし、拼音: jìnshì、満州語: ᡩᠣᠰᡳᡴᠠᠰᡳ、転写：dosikasi）とは、隋から北宋中期にかけての科挙の六科の一つ。王安石の改革で進士科以外が廃止された後は、科挙の登第者（合格者）を指し、以降の南宋から清まで続いた制度である。 (ja) 진사(進士)는 과거 단계 중의 하나이다. (ko) 进士原是科舉的科目之一。中國古代科舉制度中，通過最後一級中央朝廷考試者，稱為進士。到了元朝以後，惟存進士一科，遂成為科舉功名的最高等級。民间又称考中进士为“金榜题名”。 (zh) Jinshi (Chinese: 進士; pinyin: jìnshì) was the highest and final degree in the imperial examination in Imperial China. The examination was usually taken in the imperial capital in the palace, and was also called the Metropolitan Exam. Recipients are sometimes referred to in English-language sources as Imperial Scholars. The numbers of Jinshi degrees given out were increased in the Song Dynasty, and the examinations were given every three years. Most senior officials of the Song Dynasty were jinshi holders. During the Qing dynasty around 102 jinshi degrees were given a year. (en) Jinshi (traditioneel Chinees: 進士, hanyu pinyin: Jìnshì) was de hoogste graad in het examenstelsel van het Chinees keizerrijk. In tegenstelling tot lagere graden was het een hoofdstedelijke graad, wat betekende dat de kandidaat diende af te reizen naar de hoofdstad van die tijd om deel te namen aan een algemeen examen en een ritueel examen, dat plaatsvond in het keizerlijk paleis. Het behalen van de jinshi-graad verleende mannen toegang tot de ambtenarij. Vanaf de regeerperiode van Ming-keizer Zhengtong gaf de graad ook toegang tot de prestigieuze Hanlin-academie in Beijing. (nl) |
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Jinshi (en) 進士 (ja) 진사 (칭호) (ko) Jinshi (Chinees examenstelsel) (nl) 进士 (zh) |
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