Russian Civil War Polities (original) (raw)

Russian Civil War Polities

Note: This record contains a list of the polities that emerged on the Russian territory of the former Empire during the Russian Civil War from 1917 to 1922, and in the Far East to 1931. These polities included mainly three types: (a) semi-autonomous regional Bolshevik "Red" Soviet Republics or so-called "Soviet regional associations" and (b) "White" (anti-Bolshevik) Russian central governments or autonomous regional polities as well as (c) secessionist or autonomous ethnic minority polities. The purely military or partisan guerilla authorities, as well as local administrators of "White" or "Red" central or regional governments are not listed, however "White" governors-general are recorded. Some polities did not fit into traditional "White" and "Red" designations and were known as "Green" (mostly anti-Bolshevik rural Socialists, see Black Sea, Tambov or Tobolsk) or "Black" (anarchist, see "Makhnovschina" under Ukraine). Many polities are commonly referred to as "republics," but were simply given that designation historically and were not actually republics or did not call themselves by such designations. The record below is organized along a geographic basis.

Party abbreviations: KDP = Konstitutsionno-Demokraticheskaya Partiya (Constitutional Democratic Party, "Kadets", Russian liberal, 12 Oct 1905-1920, banned by Bolsheviks from 12 Dec 1917); MPK = Mlado-Yakutskaya Partiya Konfederalistov (Young Yakut Party of Confederalists, requested upgrade of Yakut A.S.S.R. to S.S.R., 1927-1928); NDS = Natsional-Demokraticheskiy Soyuz (National-Democratic Union, right-liberal, anti-socialist, 1921-1922); NSP = Narodno-Sotsialisticheskaya Partiya (People's Socialist Party, center-left, 1905-1920); Okt= Soyuz 17 Oktyabrya (Union of October 17, "Octobrists", conservative, Russian moderate constitutionalist, Nov 1905-1918);PLSR = Partiya Levykh Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, split from PSR, allied with RSDRP-B/RKP, 1917�1923); PLSR = Partiya Levykh Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, democratic socialist, Aug 1917�1923, split from PSR, allied with RSDRP-B/RKP); PSR = Partiya Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov (Party of Socialists-Revolutionaries, "SRs", democratic socialist, agrarian socialist, split Aug 1917 into Left [became PLSR] and Right wings, Jan 1902-1922); RKP = Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Communist Party [Bolsheviks],Marxist-Leninist communist, former RSDRP-B, state party, 8 Mar 1918 - 31 Dec 1925, renamed Vsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)[All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]);RSDRP-B = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Bol'shevikov)(Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party [Bolsheviks], Russian revolutionary socialist, Marxist communist, split from RSDRP est.1898, 1 Jan 1912-8 Mar 1918, renamed RKP); RSDRP-I = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya Internatsionalistov (Russian Social Democratic Worker's Party of Internationalists, split from RSDRP-M, allied with RKP, 1918-1920); RSDRP-M = Rossiyskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaya Rabochaya Partiya (Men'shevikov)(Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party [Mensheviks], split from RSDRP, democratic socialist, Orthodox Marxist, 1 Jan 1912-1922); SGSK = Soyuz Gortsov Severnogo Kavkaza (Union of Mountain Peoples of North Caucasus, Mountain peoples nationalist, republican, 1917-1919); SSO = Soyuz Sibirskikh Oblastnikov (Union of Siberian Regionalists, Siberian autonomist, 1905-1919); SSRM = Soyuz Sotsialistov-Revolyutsionerov-Maksimalistov (Union of Socialist-Revolutionary-Maximalists, Bolshevik-allied anarchist, 1917-1919); STK = Soyuz Trudovogo Krestyanstva (Union of Working Peasants, agrarian socialists of Tambov, Nov 1920 � 1921); Mil = Military

"White" (anti-Bolshevik) Central Governments

8 Jun 1918 - 16 Nov 1920

18 Jan 1918 - 19 Jan 1918 All-Russian Constituent Assembly convened in Petrograd
(elected 25 Nov 1917, chairman Viktor Mikhaylovich Chernov
[b. 1873 - d. 1952] PSR), it declared Russia a democratic federal
republic before it was dissolved by the Soviet government.
8 Jun 1918 Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly ("Komuch")
created after occupation of Samara by the Czechoslovak Corps,
proclaimed itself the provisional supreme authority of the
Russian state, but was recognized by few local anti-Bolshevik
governments.
13 Aug 1918 According to a resolution of the Committee of 13 Aug 1918, all
judicial decisions were made in the name of the Russian Federative
Democratic Republic (Rossiyskaya Federativnaya Demokraticheskaya Respublika).
14 Aug 1918 The Provisional Standing Orders of the Committee of Members of the
All-Russian Constituent Assembly were approved on 13 Aug 1918 and
provided for election of the Presidium consisting of the chairman,
two deputy chairmen, secretary and deputy secretary.
23 Sep 1918 Replaced by the Provisional All-Russian Government at Ufa
("Ufa Directory") by the Act on Establishment of All-Russian
Supreme Authority, recognized as supreme authority of the Russian
state by most of local anti-Bolshevik governments in the
eastern part of Russia.
4 Nov 1918 "Ufa Directory" declared all local governments dissolved (this was
not fully effected).
18 Nov 1918 "Ufa Directory" disbanded, Aleksandr Vasilyevich Kolchak granted
power as the Supreme Ruler, recognized as supreme authority by all
local "White" Russian governments by Aug 1919, and having the
de facto recognition by the Entente (Allied) powers.
15 Jan 1920 Upon arrest of Kolchak, the supreme authority devolved to Anton
Denikin, appointed on 4 Jan 1920 as successor, who accepted
neither the functions nor style of the Supreme Ruler (the supreme
authority lapsed).
11 Apr 1920 Baron Vrangel' (Wrangel), Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces in
the South of Russia, assumes the style of Ruler (without specific
territorial designation) claiming the supreme Russian authority
on the basis of resolution of the Governing Senate (supreme court)
of 6 Apr 1920 (his "government in South of Russia" obtained de
facto recognition by France on 10 Aug 1920).
16 Nov 1920 Last "White" forces under Baron Vrangel' (Wrangel) are defeated in
Crimea by Soviet forces and depart to Turkey.
1922/1924 End of "White" Russian political authority in exile (Russian
Council dissolved, end of diplomatic representation, recognition
of Soviet Russia by France and U.K.).

Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly 8 Jun 1918 - 14 Aug 1918 Five members of the Committee on the day of assumption of power in Samara:
- Ivan Mikhaylovich Brushvit (b. 1879 - d. 1946) PSR - Vladimir Kazimirovich Vol'skiy (b. 1877 - d. 1937) PSR - Prokopiy Diomidovich Klimushkin (b. 1886 - d. 1969) PSR - Ivan Petrovich Nesterov (b. 1886 - d. 1960) PSR - Boris Konstantinovich Fortunatov (b. 1886 - D. 1936) PSR
Chairman of the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly ("Komuch")(in Samara)
14 Aug 1918 - 23 Sep 1918 Vladimir Kazimirovich Vol'skiy (s.a.) PSR
Chairmen of the All-Russian Provisional Government ("Ufa Directory")
24 Sep 1918 - 18 Nov 1918 Nikolay Dmitriyevich Avksentyev (b. 1878 - d. 1943) PSR
(in Ufa to 8 Oct 1918, then in Omsk)
7 Nov 1918 - 12 Nov 1918 Vasiliy Georgiyevich Boldyrev (b. 1875 - d. 1933) Mil
(acting for Avksentyev, in Omsk)
Supreme Rulers (Verkhovnyy Pravitel')
18 Nov 1918 Pyotr Vasilyevich Vologodskiy (b. 1863 - d. 1928) PSR
(acting)(chairman of council of ministers; in Omsk)
18 Nov 1918 - 15 Jan 1920 Aleksandr Vasilyevich Kolchak (b. 1874 - d. 1920) Mil
(in Omsk to 12 Nov 1919, in Novo-Nikolayevsk from 20 Nov
1919 to 4 Dec 1919, then by Dec 25 1919 in Nizhneudinsk)15 Jan 1920 - 11 Apr 1920 Supreme "White" central authority lapsed
Ruler (Pravitel') and Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia
11 Apr 1920 - 19 Aug 1920 Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel' (b. 1878 - d. 1928) Mil
(Wrangel)(in Sevastopol')
Ruler (Pravitel') and Commander-in-chief of the Russian Army
19 Aug 1920 - 16 Nov 1920 Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel' (s.a.) Mil
(in Sevastopol')
Chairman of the Russian Council
5 Apr 1921 - Oct 1922 Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel' (s.a.) Mil
(in Istanbul exile; from Sep 1922 in
Sremski Karlovci, Yugoslavia)

Chairman of the Council of Managers (in Samara)
16 Aug 1918 - 23 Sep 1918 Yevgeniy Frantsevich Rogovskiy (b. 1888 - d. 1950) PSR
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (in Irkutsk)
4 Nov 1918 - 22 Nov 1919 Pyotr Vasilyevich Vologodskiy (s.a.) PSR;Dec 1918 KDP
22 Nov 1919 - 15 Jan 1920 Viktor Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (b. 1885 - d. 1920) KDP
(left seat of government Irkutsk 26 Dec 1919,
to join Kolchak in Nizhneudinsk)
28 Dec 1919 - 5 Jan 1920 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Cherven- (b. 1872 - d. 1920) KDP
Vodali
(acting for Pepelyayev, in Irkutsk)
Chairman of the Council of Managers with the Commander-in-chief 11 Apr 1920 - 19 Aug 1920 Aleksandr Vasilyevich Krivoshein (b. 1857 - d. 1921) Non-party
(acting to 2 Jun 1920)(in Sevastopol')
11 Apr 1920 - 2 Jun 1920 Pavel Nikolayevich Shatilov (b. 1881 - d. 1962) Mil
(acting for absent Krivoshein)
Chairman of the Council of Managers of Government in the South of Russia
19 Aug 1920 - 11 Nov 1920 Aleksandr Vasilyevich Krivoshein (s.a.) Non-party
(in Sevastopol')

�The number of members of the Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly was increasing as more members of the Constituent Assembly were arriving to Samara (8 Aug 1918 � 29 members, 25 Aug 1918 � 48 members, 5 Sep 1918 � 71 members, 1 Oct 1918 � 93 members). Before the election of the Presidium (14 Aug 1918) the meetings of the Committee were chaired by one of the members, most frequently by Vladimir Kazimirovich Vol'skiy (s.a.).

North and Northwest Russia

North-Western Region (Pskov)

Oct 1918 - 5 Dec 1919

8 Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule in Pskov (re-occupied10 - 14 Nov 1917 by troops
loyal to deposed Prime minister Aleksandr Kerenskiy).
24 Feb 1918 � 25 Nov 1918 Pskov occupied by German troops (taken on 25 Nov 1918 by Soviet
troops).
Nov 1918 North-Western _Oblast_Council of Defense organized by Russian
Volunteer Northern Army, created 10 Oct 1918, however only on
25 Nov 1918 Germans offered civil administration to the Russians.
6 Dec 1918 Remaining "White" Russian units, having retreated from Pskov to
Estonian territory, by agreement put under Estonian authority.
17 May 1919 "White" units with Estonian assistance took Yamburg (modern
Kingisepp).
25 May 1919 � 26 Aug 1919 "White" Russians (to 29 May 1919, Estonian troops) occupied Pskov.
19 Jun 1919 All "White" Russian units released from Estonian authority and
merged into the North-Western (to 1 Jul 1919, Northern) Russian
Army.
11 Aug 1919 North-Western Oblast Government established, it recognized the
authority of Supreme Ruler Kolchak, however Kolchak did not
recognize the Government, but authorized appointment of governor-
general.
18 Oct 1919 Maximum "White" advance, reaching Tsarskoye Selo (modern Pushkin),
asuburb of Petrograd.
5 Dec 1919 Oblast Government dissolved as all territory was lost to Soviet
Russia (Yamburg lost 14 Nov 1919), the army was interned by
Estonian government.

German Commander in Pskov (of 5th Reserve Infantry Division)
Mar 1918 - 25 Nov 1918 Georg von Stangen (b. 1852 - d. 1940) Mil
Chairman of Pskov Okrug Council of Administration (civil administrator) 10 Apr 1918 - Nov? 1918 Neuhaus Mil
Chairman of the North-Western Oblast Council of Defense (remained in Kiev)
Nov 1918 Fyodor Nikolayevich Bezak (b. 1865 - d. 1940) Non-party
Chairman of the Political Conference (in Helsinki, Finland; from 26 Jul 1919 Tallinn, Estonia)
24 May 1919 - 11 Aug 1919 Nikolay Nikolayevich Yudenich (b. 1862 - d. 1933) Mil
(also commander-in-chief of the North-Western
Front 10 Jun 1919 � 28 Nov 1919)
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russian North-Western Oblast Government (in Tallinn)
11 Aug 1919 - 5 Dec 1919 Stepan Georgiyevich Lianozov (b. 1872 - d. 1949) Non-party
(Stepan Lianosyan)
Governor-general of North-Western Oblast (in Narva; chief administrator of the occupied area)
18 Oct 1919 - 28 Nov 1919 Pyotr Vladimirovich Glazenap (b. 1882 - d. 1951) Mil

Moscow Oblast

Dec 1917 � Dec 1918 Moscow Oblast created as "Soviet regional association" with
authority over Governorates of Moscow, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk,
Nizhny Novgorod, Orel, Ryazan, Tambov, Tver, Tula, Vladimir,
Voronezh and Yaroslavl, however its Council of People's Commissars
existed only briefly.

Chairmen of the Council of People ' s Commissars of Moscow Oblast (in Moscow)
28 Dec 1917 - 11 Mar 1918 the Presidium of Executive Committee
of Oblast Soviet (15 members)
11 Mar 1918 - 10 Jun 1918 Mikhail Nikolayevich Pokrovskiy (b. 1868 - d. 1932) RKP
Chairmen of the People's Economy Council of Moscow_Oblast_
1 Jun 1918 - 20 Sep 1918 Yan Ernestovich Rudzutak (b. 1887 - d. 1937) RKP
20 Sep 1918 - 31 Oct 1918 Georgiy Gugovich Gerbek (b. 1890 - d. 1937) RKP

Kaluga

11 Dec 1917 Bolshevik rule in Kaluga.
Dec 1917 - Dec 1918 Kaluga governorate a part of the Moscow oblast.
3 Feb 1918 - Jul 1918 Kaluga Soviet Republic proclaimed (within Russian S.F.S.R.) in
the Kaluga governorate, partly in rejection of policy of the
Moscow oblast Soviet.

Chairmen of the Council of People ' s Commissars
5 Feb 1918 - 26 Apr 1918 Pyotr Yanovich Vitolin (b. 1892 � d. 1938) RKP
(Pēteris Vītoliņ�)
26 Apr 1918 - Jul 1918 Pavel Dmitriyevich Skorbach (d. 1976) RKP

Northern Commune

Apr 1918 � Feb 1919 Northern_Oblast_ (Severnyy oblast) also styled as "Northern Commune")
created as "Soviet regional association" with authority over
Governorates of Petrograd, Arkhangelsk (city of Arkhangelsk under
"White" rule from 2 Aug 1918), Novgorod, Olonets, Pskov (city of
Pskov under German occupation to 25 Nov 1918) and Vologda.

Chairman of the Council of People ' s Commissars of Northern Oblast (in Petrograd)
29 Apr 1918 - 24 Feb 1919 Grigoriy Yevseyevich Zinovyev (b. 1883 - d. 1936) RKP

Northern Region (Arkhangelsk)

10 Nov 1917 Local Councils (Soviets) refuse to recognize Bolshevik authority.
7 Dec 1917 Revolutionary Committee assumed temporary "supreme administration
of political, administrative, and economy affairs" of the
governorate.
17 Feb 1918 Bolshevik rule recognized by the Governorate Council (Soviet).
2 Aug 1918 Supreme Administration of the Northern Region ("VUSO") is
declared by "White" Russians on the eve of occupation of
Arkhangelsk by Anglo-American military forces.
28 Sep 1918 Provisional Government of the Northern Region (Severnaya oblast)
established.
Oct 1918 Recognized supreme authority of the "Ufa Directory" (see above).
30 Apr 1919 Recognizes the supreme authority of the Kolchak government, but kept
"sovereignty" (samostoyatel'nost') in regional matters.
27 Sep 1919 British evacuate Arkhangelsk (and Murmansk 12 Oct 1919).
19 Oct 1919 Provisional Government turned into department for civil affairs
under chief administrator of Northern Region (Severnyy kray)but
use of former name continued.
19 Feb 1920 "White" government evacuates Arkhangelsk by sea to Norway.
21 Feb 1920 Bolsheviks enter Arkhangelsk.

Chairman of the Arkhangelsk Governorate Revolutionary Committee
8 Nov 1917 - Feb 1918 A.A. Zhitkov (b. c.1887 - d. 19..)RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Supreme Administration of Northern Region
2 Aug 1918 - 6 Sep 1918 Nikolay Vasilyevich Chaykovskiy (b. 1850 - d. 1926) NSP
(1st time)
Commander-in-chief of the Russian Army and Navy in the Northern Region
6 Sep 1918 - 8 Sep 1918 Georgiy Yermolayevich Chaplin (b. 1886 - d. 1950) Mil
Chairman of the Supreme Administration of Northern Region
8 Sep 1918 - 28 Sep 1918 Nikolay Vasilyevich Chaykovskiy (s.a.) NSP
(2nd time)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government of the Northern Region
28 Sep 1918 - 19 Feb 1920 Nikolay Vasilyevich Chaykovskiy (s.a.) NSP
(from 23 Jan 1919 on diplomatic mission to Paris)
23 Jan 1919 � 10 Feb 1920 Pyotr Yulyevich Zubov (b. 1871 - d. 1942) KDP
(acting for Chaykovskiy)
Chief Administrator of the Northern Region (with rights of governor-general)
10 Sep 1919 � 19 Feb 1920 Yevgeniy Karlovich Miller (b. 1867 - d. 1937) Mil

Commanders�in-chief of British and (from Sep 1918) Allied troops in Northern Russia
Aug 1918 - Oct 1918 Frederick Cuthbert Poole (b. 1869 - d. 1938) Mil
Oct 1918 - Sep 1919 William Edmond Ironside (b. 1880 - d. 1959) Mil

Commanders of the American Expeditionary Force, North Russia
Sep 1918 - Apr 1919 George Evans Stewart (b. 1872 - d. 1946) MilApr 1919 - Sep 1919 Wilds Preston Richardson (b. 1861 - d. 1929) Mil

Ingria (Ingermanland)

8 Sep 1919 - 1920

Western Ingria (Kosemkina)

May 1919 - Nov 1919 Estonian troops occupied southeastern coast of Gulf of Finland.
31 Aug 1919 Interim Committee moved to village of Kosemkina (in Russian:
Kuzyomkino), north of Ivangorod, claiming self-government of
Ingrian Finns within Russia.

Chairmen of the Interim Committee
31 Jan 1919 - Aug 1919 Pietari Toikka (b. 1862 - d. 1930)
(in Helsinki, from May 1919 in Tallinn)
31 Aug 1919 � 1920 Kaapre (Gabriel) Tynni (b. 1877 - d. 1953)
(from late 1919, in Helsinki)

North Ingria (Kirjasalo)

23 Jan 1919 Northern Ingermanland declares independence in village of Kirjasalo (next to Finnish border), referred to as "Republic of North
Ingria" (Pohjois-Inkerin tasavalta), or as the "Republic of
Kirjasalo" (Kirjasalon tasavalta).
5 Dec 1920 Government collapses with the withdrawal of Finnish irregular forces
and a as result of the Russo-Finnish Peace Treaty of Tartu of
14 Oct 1920 (effective 31 Dec 1920).

Chairmen of the Provisional Committee
9 Jul 1919 - Sep 1919 Santeri Termonen
14 Sep 1919 - Nov 1919 Juho Pekka Kokkonen (b. 1875 - d. 1939)
16 Nov 1919 - May 1920 Yrj� (Georg) Elfvengren (b. 1889 - d. 1927) Mil
Jun 1920 - 6 Dec 1920 Jukka Tirranen (b. 1889 - d.af.1961)Mil

Karelia

15 May 1919 Olonets Government founded in Vidlitsa in Southern Karelia after
invasion by Finnish irregulars and occupation of Olonets (Aunus)
from 24 Apr 1919 to 13 May 1919.
27 Jun 1919 Vidlitsa captured by the Soviet Army; Olonets government flees to
Finland.
21 Jul 1919 Provisional Government of Karelia of Arkhangelsk (Arkangelin Karjalan v�liaikaisen hallituksen) formed at Uhtua (modern
Kalevala) in Northern Karelia near the Finnish border.
21 Mar 1920 Renamed the Provisional Government of Karelia (Karjalan v�liaikainen
hallitus), declares the independence of Karelia.
18 May 1920 Uhtua captured by Soviet Red Army, government moves to Vuokkiniemi
(Voknavolok).
8 Jun 1920 Karelian Labor Commune founded (within the Russian S.F.S.R.)
(see Karelia A.S.S.R. under Russian S.F.S.R. admin. divisions).
30 Jun 1920 Most of Northern Karelia is conquered by the Soviet Red Army, the
Provisional Government of Karelia crosses the border into Finland.
14 Oct 1920 Russo-Finnish Peace Treaty of Tartu; by Mar 1921 Finland restores
Repola (Reboly) and Poraj�rvi (Porosozero) to Soviet Russia.
10 Dec 1920 - 1923 Karelian United Government (Karjalan keskushallitus) formed in
Finland exile by a merger of the remnants of the former
Provisional Government of Karelia and the Olonets Government.
20 Oct 1921 - 2 Feb 1922 Intervention of Karelian exiles and Finnish volunteers from the
territory of Finland into Northern Karelia and Uhtua retaken; it
is eliminated by the Soviet Red Army.

Chairman of the Olonets Government (in Vidlitsa)
15 May 1919 - 27 Jun 1919 Georgiy Vasilyevich Kuttuyev (b. 1890 - d. 1930)
(in Finland exile to 10 Dec 1920)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government (inUhtua)
21 Jul 1919 - 21 Mar 1920 Anton Timofeyevich Tikhonov (b. 1883 - d. 1942)
(= Antti Vierma)
21 Mar 1920 - 30 Jun 1920 Fyodor Timofeyevich Tikhonov (b. 1880 - d. 1952)
(= Huoti Hilipp�l�)
(in Finland exile to 10 Dec 1920)
Chairman of the United Government
10 Dec 1920 - 1923 Paavo Kettinen (in Finland exile) (b. 1880 - d. 1966)

Murmansk

9 Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule recognized in Murmansk.
6 Mar 1918 Landing by British troops according to agreement of 3 Mar 1918.
30 Jun 1918 Local Council (Soviet), having non-Bolshevik majority from Mar 1918,
declares end of relations with Soviet Russia.
5 Aug 1918 Recognizes authority of Supreme Administration in Arkhangelsk (see
Northern Region).
14 Oct 1918 The Murmansk Kray Council is liquidated.
12 Oct 1919 British evacuate Murmansk.
21 Feb 1920 Local Bolsheviks seized Murmansk (on 13 Mar 1920 regular Soviet
troops reach Murmansk).

Chairmen of the Murmansk Kray Council of Deputies
Mar 1918 S.I. Arkhangel'skogo
Mar 1918 � 14 Oct 1918 Aleksey Mikhaylovich Yuryev (b. 1887 - d.af.1922)Non-party

Commanders of British Troops (from Aug 1918, subject to Commander-in-chief in Arkhangelsk)
Mar 1918 - Jun 1918 Thomas Webster Kemp (b. 1866 - d. 1928) Mil
Jun 1918 - Aug 1918 Frederick Cuthbert Poole (b. 1869 - d. 1938) Mil
Aug 1918 - Oct 1919 Charles Clarkson Maynard (b. 1870 - d. 1945) Mil

Western Volunteer Army (ZDA): see under Latvia

Belorussia, Bessarabia, Crimea, and the Ukraine

Belorussian (Byelorussian) Socialist Soviet Republic: see Belarus

Bessarabia: see Moldova

Bessarabian Socialist Soviet Republic: see under Moldova

Crimean People's Republic: see Crimea under Ukraine

Crimean Soviet Socialist Republic: see Crimea under Ukraine

Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Basins Soviet Republic (Kharkov and Donetsk regions): see under Ukraine

Galician Soviet Republic: see under Ukraine

Lithuania and Belorussia ("Litbel") Socialist Soviet Republic: see under Lithuania

Makhnovist Forces ("Makhnovshchina"): see under Ukraine

Moldavian Democratic Republic: see Moldova

Odessa (Odesa) Soviet Republic: see under Ukraine

Romanian Front Committee ("Rumcherod") : see Odessa under Ukraine

South Ukraine Labor Federation: see Makhnovist Forces under Ukraine

Taurida (Tavrida) Governorate: see Crimea under Ukraine

Ukrainian People's Republic: see Ukraine

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic: see Ukrainian S.S.R. under Ukraine

Volga and the Urals

"Antonovshchina": see under Tambov

Idel-Ural (Kazan)

8 Nov 1917 - 6 Aug 1918

8 Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule in Kazan.
2 Dec 1917 - 24 Jan 1918 National Assembly of National Autonomy of Muslim Turkic-Tatars of
Russia's Interior and Siberia convened in Ufa, on 18 Jan 1918 it
established its executive, the National Administration
(Milli Idara), as non-territorial authority.
6 Feb 1918 - 16 May 1918 Kazan Soviet Republic (Kazanskaya Sovetskaya Respublika)(within
the Russian S.F.S.R.) proclaimed in Kazan Governorate.
1 Mar 1918 - 28 Mar 1918 Tatar autonomists proclaimed "autonomous Idel-Ural Republic within federal Russian Soviet republic", as territorial autonomy
of Tatars and Bashkirs in Kazan and Ufa Governorates and
adjoining areas (also Chuvash, Udmurts, Mari, and Mordovians were
invited to join) and took over the Trans-Bulak suburb of Kazan
(thus referred to as "Zabulachnaya Respublika" [Trans-Bulak
Republic]), in rebellion against the Kazan Soviet Republic.
6 Aug 1918 - 10 Sep 1918 Kazan occupied by "Komuch" (see there) troops and Czechoslovak
Corps.
27 May 1920 Tatar Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic established, within the
Russian S.F.S.R. (see Russian S.F.S.R. admin.)

Chairmen of the National Administration (Milli idara) of Muslim Turkic-Tatars (in Ufa)
18 Jan 1918 - 25 Apr 1918 Sadretdin Nizametdinovich Maksudov (b. 1878 - d. 1957)
(= Sadretdin Nizametdin-ugly Maqsudyy)(in Ufa)
25 Apr 1918 - Jul 1918 dissolved by Bolsheviks Jul 1918 - Jan 1920 Ibniyamin Abusugutovich Akhtyamov (b. 1877 - d. 1941) PSR
(= Ibneamin Abusogud-ugly Akhtamov)
(in Ufa, in exile Sep 1918-Oct 1919 in Petropavlovsk,
from Oct 1919 in Irkutsk)
Chairman of Council of People ' s Commissars of Kazan Soviet Republic
26 Feb 1918 - 3 Jun 1918 Yakov Semyonovich Sheynkman (b. 1891 - d. 1918) RKP
Chairman of Council of People's Commissars of Idel-Ural Republic (in opposition)
1 Mar 1918 - 28 Mar 1918 Ismagil Zakirovich Atnagulov (b. 1891 - d.af.1938)
(= Ismagyyl Zakir-ugly Atnagulov)

Ural

18 Aug 1918 - 10 Nov 1918

8 Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule in Yekaterinburg (soon after in the whole eastern
part of the Perm Governorate), but in the city of Perm only from
8 Dec 1917.
Jan 1918 � Jan 1919 Ural Oblast created as "Soviet regional association" with authority
over Governorates of Perm, Orenburg, Ufa and Vyatka.
25 Jul 1918 Yekaterinburg occupied by the Czechoslovak Corps and Siberian
troops (also Perm from 25 Dec 1918).
13 Aug 1918 Provisional Oblast Government of Ural ("VOPU")(Vremennoye oblastnoye pravitel'stvo Urala) formed in Yekaterinburg (did not recognize
authority of "Komuch").
24 Sep 1918 Recognized supreme authority of the Provisional All-Russian
Government (see PARG above).
26 Oct 1918 Transfers power to All-Russian Provisional Government, effective
from 10 Nov 1918.
Jul 1919 Bolshevik advance, the "White" troops of Supreme Ruler Kolchak
lost Ural oblast (Perm 1 Jul 1919, Yekaterinburg on 15 Jul 1919).

Chairman of the Ural Oblast Council of People's Commissars Jan 1918 � Jan 1919 Aleksandr Georgiyevich Beloborodov (b. 1891 - d. 1938) RKP
(in Yekaterinburg, in Perm Jul 1918-Dec 1918,
then in Vyatka from Dec 1918)
Commissar of Provisional Government of Siberia in Priural (with rights of governor-general)
Jul 1918 - Aug 1918 Pyotr Pavlovich Maslov (b. 1867 - d. 1946) RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Provisional Oblast Government of Ural (in Yekaterinburg)
13 Aug 1918 - 10 Nov 1918 Pyotr Vasilyevich Ivanov (b. 1867 - d. 1932) KDP
Chief Administrator of Ural Kray (with rights of governor-general; in Yekaterinburg)
1 Dec 1918 � Apr 1919 Sergey Semyonovich Postnikov (b. 1870 - d.af.1920)Non-party

Orenburg Cossack Host

Orenburg Cossack in exile (reconstruction) 1934

1755 Orenburg Cossack Host formed.8 Nov 1917 Ataman of the Orenburg Cossack Host does not recognize the Soviet
government and assumes supreme authority in the Orenburg
Governorate and (from 24 Dec 1917) in Turgay oblast (the modern
north-western part of Kazakhstan).
31 Jan 1918 Bolshevik forces take Orenburg, Dutov falls back to Verkhneuralsk,
which also surrenders in Mar 1918, in Apr he moved to Troitsk,
then on 10 May 1918 he retreats to Turgay (Torgay).
3 Jul 1918 Orenburg Cossacks re-take Orenburg and proclaim (on 12 Aug 1918)
the autonomous Orenburg Host Oblast within a federal Russian
republic; recognized authority of "Komuch" (from Jul 1918) and
Provisional All-Russian Government (from Sep 1918).
Nov 1918 Orenburg Cossacks recognized the authority of Aleksandr Vasilyevich
Kolchak, the Supreme Ruler (autonomy continued de facto).
22 Jan 1919 Red Army retakes Orenburg, the Cossack capital moved to Troitsk
Sep 1919 Orenburg Cossack Host evacuates the Orenburg Governorate (Troitsk
on 4 Aug 1919) and reached first (in Dec 1919) Semirechye (see
under Kazakhstan) and then (in Apr 1920) China.

Atamans of the Orenburg Cossack Host
10 May 1917 - 3 Oct 1917 Nikolay Petrovich Mal'tsev (b. 1863 - d. 1921) Mil
3 Oct 1917 - 8 Nov 1917 Aleksandr Ilyich Dutov (b. 1879 - d. 1921) Mil
Atamans of Orenburg Cossack Host and (to 5 Nov 1918) Chairman of the Host Government
8 Nov 1917 - 7 Feb 1921 Aleksandr Ilyich Dutov (s.a.) Mil
(in China exile from 2 Apr 1920; 13 Feb 1919
� 23 May 1919 also chief administrator of
the Orenburg kray with rights of governor-general)
1921 - 1923 Nikolay Semyonovich Anisimov (b. 1877 - d. 1931)
(in Harbin, China exile; in Vladivostok 1921�22;
from 1922 in Korea)(acting)
1923 - 26 Nov 1944 Ivan Grigoryevich Akulinin (b. 1880 - d. 1944)
(in Yugoslavia exile; in Berlin 1923�1925;
in Paris from 1925)

Bashkir

20 Aug 1918 - 23 Mar 1919

20 Jul 1917 First All-Bashkir Assembly (Qoroltay) requestes Bashkir autonomy
within Russia.
28 Nov 1917 Bashkir territory declared an "autonomous part of Russian Republic",
the Bashkir autonomy within Orenburg Governorate recognized by the
Orenburg Cossack Ataman Dutov.
21 Dec 1917 Third All-Bashkir Assembly established the Bashkir Government
(Bashkort X�k�m�te/ Bashkirskoye pravitel'stvo) and organized 9
Bashkir Cantons (by Sep 1918 increased to 13 Cantons) as
subdivisions of Orenburg and Ufa Governorates.
17 Feb 1918 - 3 May 1918 Bashkir autonomy taken over by Bashkir Soviet (Council), however on
30 Mar 1918 the Orenburg Governorate Soviet of Deputies declared
the autonomy abolished.
May 1918 Bashkir Government restored, from Jul 1918 it recognized supreme
authority of "Komuch" (seeabove)(from 24 Sep 1918, of Provisional
All-Russian Government [PARG]), and "Komuch" recognized the
Bashkir autonomy.
4 Nov 1918 Dissolution of the Bashkir Government declared by the PARG (not
effected) and the Bashkir troops to be subjected to the Orenburg
Cossack Host.
16 Feb 1919 Bashkir Government recognizes the authority of the Soviet Russian
government, on 18 Feb 1919 autonomous Bashkir Soviet Republic
proclaimed.
23 Mar 1919 Autonomous Bashkir Soviet Republic (Bashkort Avtonomiyaly
Sovet Respublikasy/Avtonomnaya Bashkirskaya Sovetskaya Respublika), established, within the Russian S.F.S.R.
(seeRussian S.F.S.R. admin.)
Apr 1919 - Aug 1919 Bashkir areas occupied by the "White" Russian troops,
Soviet Bashkir authorities go into exile in Saransk.

Chairman of the Bashkir Central Council (Shura)(in Orenburg)
20 Jul 1917 - 21 Dec 1917 Sharif Ahmetzyanovich Manatov (b. 1887 - d. 1936) RSDRP-M
(= Sharif Ahmatzyan-uly Manat)
Chairman of the Bashkir Government (in Orenburg)
21 Dec 1917 - 17 Feb 1918 Yunus Yulbarisovich Bikbov (b. 1883 - d. 1942) PSR
(= Yunys Yulbarys-uly Bikbov)
(1st time)
Chairman of the Bashkir Provisional Revolutionary Soviet (in Orenburg, from Apr 1918 Sterlitamak)
17 Feb 1918 - 3 May 1918 Abdulla Sibagatullovich Davletshin (b. 1894 - d. 1963) RKP
(= Abdulla Sibaghatulla-uly Daulat)
Chairmen of the Bashkir Government
May 1918 - 30 Jun 1918 Sagit Gubaydullovich Mryasov (b. 1880 - d. 1932)
(= Saghit Ghobayzulla-uly Merasov)
(in Chelyabinsk) (acting)
Jul 1918 - Dec 1918 Yunus Yulbarisovich Bikbov (s.a.) PSR
(in Chelyabinsk, from Aug 1918 in Orenburg)
(2nd time)
Dec 1918 - 26 Jan 1919 Abdullah Kamaletdinovich Adigamov (b. 1896 - d. 1968)
(= Abdulla Kamaletdin-uly Azesyamov)
(acting)
26 Jan 1919 - 23 Mar 1919 Mstislav Aleksandrovich Kulayev (b. 1873 - d. 1958) Mil
(= Mohammatkhan Sahipgaray-uly Qulayev)
(in Temyasovo, in south-eastern Bashkiria)
Chairman of the Military National Administration of Bashkirs
May 1920 - Oct 1920 Mukhamed-Gabdulkhay Gabidullovich (b. 1889 - d. 1972) Non-party
Kurbagaliyev (in exile in Chita)
(= Mohammat-Ghabdelhay Ghabizulla-uly
Qorbanghaliyev)

Tambov

18 Aug 1919 � Aug 1919 "White" Don Cossacks briefly occupied Tambov.
19 Aug 1920 "Antonovshchina" peasant revolt (named after Aleksandr Stepanovich
Antonov [b. 1888 � d. 1922], chief of staff of United Partisan
Army) in Tambov region against Bolshevik power (by Feb 1921 the
rebels controlled the most of Governorate of Tambov, except the
largest towns).

20 May 1921 A republic proclaimed "until convocation of All-Russia Constituent
Assembly" (Provisional Democratic Republic of Tambov Kray).
Summer 1921 Uprising is gradually quelled.

Head of Provisional Democratic Republic of Tambov Kray (near Kirsanov, east of Tambov)
20 May 1921 � 11 Jul 1921 Shendyapin (d. 1921) STK

Ufa

5 Jul 1918 - 30 Dec 1918

8 Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule in Ufa (also 9 Nov 1917 in Samara, on 23 Dec 1917
in Simbirsk [modern Ulyanovsk]).
Jun/Jul 1918 Area fell under authority of "Komuch" (see above) after rebellion
of the Czechoslovak Corps (Samara 8 Jun 1918, Ufa 5 Jul 1918,
Simbirsk on 23 Jul 1918).
Sep/Dec 1918 Soviet advance, the area lost by anti-Bolshevik troops (12 Sep
Simbirsk, Samara 7 Oct 1918, Ufa 30 Dec 1918).
23 Sep 1918 "Komuch" integrated into the Provisional All-Russian Government
(see PARG above), but its former executive body on 8 Oct 1918
re-established itself in Ufa as the Ufa Oblast Government,
claiming "oblast autonomy" for the Ufa Governorate.
4 Nov 1918 Oblast Government declared abolished by the PARG (dissolution
effected 2 Dec 1918).
13 Mar 1919 - 9 Jun 1919 Ufa retaken by "White" troops of Supreme Ruler Kolchak.

Chairman of the Council of Managers of Ufa Oblast Government (in Ufa)
8 Oct 1918 - 2 Dec 1918 Vasiliy Nikolayevich Filippovskiy (b. 1882 - d. 1940) PSR
Chief Administrator of Samara-Ufa Kray (with rights of governor-general)
10 Dec 1918 - Apr 1919 Yevgeniy Kondratyevich Vishnevskiy (b. 1876 - d.af.1945)Mil
(in Ufa, then in Chelyabinsk Dec 1918-Mar 1919,
from Mar 1919 in Ufa)

Ural Cossack Host: see under Kazakhstan

Volga Germans: see under Russian S.F.S.R. administrative divisions

Vyatka and Izhevsk

9 Nov 1917 Supreme Council for Administration assumed provisional "supreme
authority" in the Vyatka Governorate (retrospectively referred
to as the "Vyatka Republic"), except the Izhevsk area under the
Bolshevik rule.
14 Dec 1917 Bolsheviks took over the city of Vyatka (modern Kirov), on
21 Dec 1917 and arrested the Council. 8 Aug 1918 Pro-"Komuch" rebellion in Izhevsk, a local anti-Bolshevik authority
established (from 14 Oct 1918 the area directly under the
Provisional All-Russian Government).
7 Nov 1918 Bolshevik troops reoccupied Izhevsk.
7 Apr 1919 - 6 Jun 1919 Izhevsk briefly occupied by the "White" Russian troops.

Chairmen of the Supreme Council for Administration of Vyatka Governorate

(in Vyatka)
9 Nov 1917 - 26 Nov 1917 Pyotr Timofeyevich Salamatov (b. 1882 - d.af.1939)PSR
27 Nov 1917 - 21 Dec 1917 Vasiliy Alekseyevich Treyter (b. 1875 - d. 1929) Non-party
Chairmen of the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly of Prikamskiy Kray (in Izhevsk)
17 Aug 1918 - 9 Sep 1918 Vasiliy Ivanovich Buzanov (b. 1885 - d. 1937) PSR
9 Sep 1918 - 14 Oct 1918 Nikolay Ivanovich Yevseyev (b. 1883 - d. 1937) PSR

South and the Caucasus

Abkhazia: see under Georgia

Aras Turkish Government: see Nakhichevan under Azerbaijan

Armenian National Council: see Armenia

Astrakhan Host

to 6 Feb 1918

1818 Astrakhan Cossack Host formed.
27 Nov 1917 Kalmyks incorporated in the Host as the Kalmyk Department on the
basis of the resolution of the Kalmyk Congress of Nov 12-14, 1917
(not fully effected).
30 Nov 1917 Committee of People's Authority formed, on 10 Dec 1917 it proclaimed
itself a "provisional supreme authority" in Astrakhan Governorate.
25 Jan 1918 Take-over of Astrakhan by Ataman of Astrakhan Cossack Host.
6 Feb 1918 Bolshevik rule in Astrakhan, the Astrakhan Cossacks retreat to Don,
mostly at Velikoknyazheskaya (modern Proletarsk), and Kuban
(later pro-German party), or join the Ural Cossacks (later
anti-German party; from Sep 1918, recognized the authority of the
"Ufa Directory").
Jan 1919 The re-united Host, then at Rostov-na-Donu, recognized the authority
of Denikin, the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces in the
South of Russia (see below), on 8 Jan 1919 the Host "autonomy"
confirmed.
Jun 1919 � Jan 1920 "White" forces, including Astrakhan Cossacks, in control of the
Kalmyk Steppe and Tsaritsyn (which became seat of the Host
Ataman).
Apr 1920 Cossacks departed to Crimea through Kuban and Tuapse.
4 Aug 1920 "Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack Hosts of
Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Vrangel', the Ruler in the
South of Russia.
Nov 1920 Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Turkey.

Ataman of the Astrakhan Cossack Host 17 Mar 1917 - 15 Oct 1917 Trofim Andreyevich Sokolov Mil
Chairman of the Committee of People's Authority of Astrakhan Governorate
30 Nov 1917 - 25 Jan 1918 Aleksandr Semyonovich Perfilyev (b. 1889 - d. 19..) PLSR
Atamans of the Astrakhan Cossack Host
25 Jan 1918 - 15 Feb 1918 Ivan Alekseyevich Biryukov (b. 1856 - d. 1919) Mil
(in office from 15 Oct 1917)
Mar 1918 - Jan 1919 Danzan Tundutov (acting) (b. 1888 - d. 1923) Mil
Mar 1918 - Dec 1918 German Mikhaylovich Astakhov (b. 1888 - d. 1970) Mil
(1st time)(in opposition, at the Ural Host)
Jan 1919 - Nov 1920 Nikolay Vasilyevich Lyakhov (b. 1878 - d. 1945) Mil/KDP
(continued in exile in Constantinople
1920-1921, in Belgrade 1921-1944,
finally in Berlin 1944-1945)
1945 - 20 Dec 1970 German Mikhaylovich Astakhov (s.a.)
(2nd time)(in exile in Paris)

Chairmen of the Astrakhan **CossackHost Government
25 Jan 1918 � Mar 1918 Nikolay Vasilyevich Lyakhov (s.a.) Mil/KDP
(in office from Nov 1917, continued in opposition to
Dec 1918 at the Ural Host)
Mar 1918 - Jan 1919 Boris Emmanuilovich Krishtafovich (b. 18.. - d. 1944) KDP
(acting)
Jan 1919 - Nov 1920 Sandzhi Bayanovich Bayanov (b. 1884 - d. 1945) PSR

Adzharistan: see Adjaria under Georgia

Baku Commune: see under Azerbaijan

Batum (Batoum): see Adjaria under Georgia

Black Sea Governorate

17 Dec 1917 - 26 Aug 1918	9 Feb 1920 - 2 Apr 1920 Black Sea Liberation Committee

13 Dec 1917 Bolshevik rule in Novorossiysk.
10 Mar 1918 Black Sea (Chernomorskaya) Soviet Republic proclaimed in Black Sea
governorate, part of the Russian S.F.S.R.
30 May 1918 United with Kuban Soviet Republic to form Kuban-Black Sea Soviet
Republic.
7 Jul 1918 Part of the North Caucasian Soviet Republic.
26 Aug 1918 Novorossiysk taken by the Volunteer Army (later Armed Forces in
the South of Russia).
18 Sep 1918 - 6 Feb 1919 Sochi district annexed by Georgia (occupied from 6 Jul 1918).
9 Feb 1920 - 2 Apr 1920 Sochi under rule of the Black Sea Governorate Liberation Committee
(formed 1 Dec 1919, in rebellion against the "Whites", it is
abolished by Russian Soviet forces on 2 May 1920).
27 Mar 1920 Soviet Russian forces retake Novorossiysk (Sochi is retaken on
29 Apr 1920).

Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets 10 Mar 1918 - 30 May 1918 Avraam Izrailevich Rubin (b. 1883 - d. 1918) RKP
Georgian commanders of the Sochi district
Jul 1918 - Oct 1918 Giorgi Mazniashvili (b. 1870 - d. 1937) Mil
Oct 1918 - Feb 1919 Aleksandre Koniashvili (b. 1873 � d. 1951) Mil

Chairman of the Black Sea Governorate Liberation Committee
1 Dec 1919 - 2 May 1920 Vasiliy Nikolayevich Samarin- (b. 1882 - d. 1940) PSR

Filippovskiy

Central Caspian Provisional Dictatorship: see under Azerbaijan

Don

25 Feb 1918 - 8 May 1918	17 May 1918 - 8 Jan 1920

c.1549 Don Cossack Host recorded for the first time (see under Russia).
7 Nov 1917 Don Cossack Host Government assumed provisionally "the entire
executive state authority" in the Don Host Oblast.
20 Nov 1917 Host Ataman declared Don "provisionally independent until
establishment of legitimate Russian authority."
24 Feb 1918 Bolsheviks capture Rostov-na-Donu (the rebellion against the Don
Cossacks began on 23 Jan 1918 by forming of the Revolutionary
Committee in Kamenskaya).
25 Feb 1918 Bolsheviks capture Novocherkassk.
23 Mar 1918 Don Soviet Republic, part of the Russian S.F.S.R., established at
Rostov-na-Donu.
8 May 1918 German and Cossack forces retake the area (Germans occupied Rostov-
na-Donu in so-called "police action" until Nov 1918), the
government of Don Soviet Republic goes to Tsaritsyn (modern
Volgograd) and then to Velikoknyazheskaya (modern Proletarsk) to
28 Jun 1918.
17 May 1918 All-Great Don Host, declared "provisionally independent until
restoration of legitimate Russian authority" and a republic, the
Host constitution (Fundamental Laws) adopted.
8 Jan 1919 Under authority of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the
South of Russia (see South of Russia), Host "autonomy" confirmed.
8 Jan 1920 Novocherkassk is lost to Soviet forces (Rostov-na-Donu lost 10 Jan
1920), Cossacks retreat toward Kuban, then Novorossiysk and by
end of March 1920 the Crimea.
4 Aug 1920 "Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack Hosts of
Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Vrangel', the Ruler in the
South of Russia.
Nov 1920 Don Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Constantinople.

Don Cossack Host Atamans
20 Mar 1917 - 1 Jul 1917 Yevgeniy Andreevich Voloshinov (b. 1881 - d. 1918) Mil
(acting to 8 May 1917, then interim)
1 Jul 1917 - 11 Feb 1918 Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin (b. 1861 - d. 1918) Mil
12 Feb 1918 - 25 Feb 1918 Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Nazarov (b. 1876 - d. 1918) Mil
25 Feb 1918 - 15 Apr 1918 Pyotr Kharitonovich Popov (acting) (b. 1867 - d. 1960) Mil
(in opposition to the Bolsheviks in Velikoknyazheskaya,
then in Konstantinovsk)
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
23 Mar 1918 - 28 Jun 1918 Viktor Semyonovich Kovalyov (b. 1883 - d. 1919) RKP
(from May 1918 in exile in Tsaritsyn, then in Velikoknyazheskaya)
Chairman of the Don Council of Defense
15 Apr 1918 - 21 Apr 1921 Georgiy Petrovich Yanov (b. 1878 - d. 1924) Mil
(in opposition to the Bolsheviks in Novocherkassk,
from 18 Apr 1918, in Konstantinovsk)
Chairman of the Don Provisional Government
21 Apr 1918 - 17 May 1918 Georgiy Petrovich Yanov (s.a.) Mil
(to 8 May 1918 in opposition to the Bolsheviks in Konstantinovsk)
All-Great Don Host Atamans
17 May 1918 - 15 Feb 1919 Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov (b. 1869 - d. 1947) Mil
15 Feb 1919 - Nov 1920 Afrikan Petrovich Bogayevskiy (b. 1873 - d. 1934) Mil
(acting to 19 Feb 1919) (continued in exile in
Constantinople 1920-1921, Sofia 1921-1922,
Belgrade 1922-1923, Paris 1923 - 21 Oct 1934)
1934 - 23 Jul 1942 Graf Mikhail Nikolayevich Grabbe (b. 1868 - d. 1942)
(in Paris exile)
1942 - 14 Oct 1947 Grigoriy Vasilyevich Tatarkin (b. 1873 - d. 1947)
(in exile Belgrade 1942-1944, Berlin 1944-1945,
Munich 1945 - 14 Oct 1947)
Atamans of the All-Great Don Host Abroad (in exile in New York)
1947 - 1965 Ivan Alekseyevich Polyakov (b. 1886 - d. 1969)
1965 - 18 Sep 2003 Nikolay Vasilyevich Fyodorov (b. 1901 - d. 2003)
[not the last]

Chairmen of the Don Cossack Host Government
1 Jul 1917 - 25 Dec 1917 Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin (s.a.) Mil
25 Dec 1917 - 25 Feb 1918 Mitrofan Petrovich Bogayevskiy (b. 1881 - d. 1918) Non-party
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
(from May 1918 in exile in Tsaritsyn, then in Velikoknyazheskaya)
23 Mar 1918 - 11 May 1918 Fyodor Grigoryevich Podtyolkov (b. 1886 - d. 1918) Mil/PLSR
11 May 1918 - 11 Jun 1918 Sergey Ivanovich Syrtsov (acting) (b. 1893 - d. 1937) RKP
11 Jun 1918 - 28 Jun 1918 Ippolit Antonovich Doroshev (b. 1896 - d. 1939) RKP
Chairmen of the Host Council of the Directors of Departments
17 May 1918 - 19 Feb 1919 Afrikan Petrovich Bogayevskiy (s.a.) Mil
20 Feb 1919 - 1 Nov 1919 Pyotr Kharitonovich Popov (s.a.) Mil
1 Nov 1919 - 23 Dec 1919 Zakhar Akimovich Alferov (b. 1874 - d. 1957) Mil
23 Dec 1919 - Feb 1920 Nikolay Mikhaylovich Melnikov (b. 1882 - d. 1972) Non-party
Feb 1920 - Nov 1920 Mitrofan Vasilyevich Korzhenevskiy (b. 1862 - d. 1926) Non-party
(acting)

German Commander in Rostov-na-Donu (of_Korps Knoerzer_: 7th and 20th Landwehr Divisions)
May 1918 � Oct 1918 Karl Albert von Knoerzer (b. 1858 - d. 1932)

Karabakh People's Government: see Nagorno-Karabakh under Azerbaijan

Kars National Council: see South-Western Caucasus under Turkey

Kuban

5 Dec 1918 - 17 Mar 1920	14 Mar 1918 - 17 Aug 1918

1788 Black Sea Cossack Host formed (largely former Zaporozhian Sich
Cossacks, in 1793 relocated to Kuban from modern Transnistria).
1860 Renamed Kuban Cossack Host, incorporated the western part of the
dissolved Caucasus Line Cossack Host.
20 Oct 1917 Kuban Oblast is renamed Kuban Kray, the first constitution
(Provisional Fundamental Regulations on Supreme Governing
Institutions) adopted.
8 Nov 1917 Kuban Cossack Host Government assumed provisionally "entire state
authority" in Kuban Kray.
28 Jan 1918 Kuban Kray declared a "sovereign republic" within a federal Russia.
14 Mar 1918 - 17 Aug 1918 Communist occupation of Yekaterinodar (modern Krasnodar) (the
rebellion against the Kuban Cossacks begun 16 Feb 1918 by forming
of the Revolutionary Committee in Armavir).
13 Apr 1918 Kuban Soviet Republic, part of the Russian S.F.S.R.
30 May 1918 Kuban-Black Sea (Kubano-Chernomorskaya) Soviet Republic created by
merger of Kuban Soviet Republic and Black Sea Soviet Republic.
7 Jul 1918 North Caucasian (Severo-Kavkazskaya) Soviet Republic founded on
First Congress of Councils of Northern Caucasus in Yekaterinodar
by merger of the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic, Stavropol Soviet
Republic, and nominally the Terek People's Soviet Republic.
17 Aug 1918 Yekaterinodar captured by Denikin's Russian Volunteer Army (later
Armed Forces in the South Russia) and Kuban Cossacks, the Soviet
government is moved to Pyatigorsk (from Dec 1918 in Tsaritsyn
[modern Volgograd]).
11 Nov 1918 Kuban _Kray_declared a "sovereign state" within a Russian federal
republic, on 5 Dec 1918 the second constitution (Provisional
Fundamental Regulations on Governance) adopted.
8 Jan 1919 Under authority of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the
South of Russia (see South of Russia), Host "autonomy" confirmed.
11 Jan 1919 North Caucasian Soviet Republic is formally liquidated by Russian
S.F.S.R.
17 Mar 1920 Yekaterinodar is retaken by Communist forces.
3 May 1920 Capitulation of part of "White" Cossack forces of Kuban at Sochi
and Tuapse, part of Cossacks evacuated to Crimea or Georgia.
4 Aug 1920 "Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack Hosts of
Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Vrangel', the Ruler in the
South of Russia.
Nov 1920 Kuban Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Lemnos Island, Greece.

Kuban Cossack Host Atamans
Mar 1917 - 23 Oct 1917 Konstantin Porfiryevich Gadenko Mil
(acting)
23 Oct 1917 - 23 Nov 1919 Aleksandr Petrovich Filimonov (b. 1867 - d. 1948) Mil
(in opposition to the Bolsheviks Mar 1918 -
Aug 1918, first in various locations in Kuban
countryside, from May 1918 in Novocherkassk at Don)
Oct 1917 - Nov 1917 Ivan Leontyevich Makarenko (b. 1882 - d. 1945) CH (acting for Filimonov)
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
(from Aug 1918, in exile in Pyatigorsk)
13 Apr 1918 - 19 May 1918 Yan Vasilyevich Poluyan (b. 1891 - d. 1937) RKP
19 May 1918 - 30 May 1918 Ivan Pavlovich Borisenko (b. 1890 - d. 1964) RKP
30 May 1918 - 21 Oct 1918 Avraam Izrailevich Rubin (b. 1883 - d. 1918) RKP
Commander-in-chief of the North Caucasus Red Army (in exile in Pyatigorsk)
21 Oct 1918 - 28 Oct 1918 Ivan Lukich Sorokin (b. 1884 - d. 1918) Mil/RKP
Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets
(in exile in Pyatigorsk, from Dec 1918 in Tsaritsyn)
28 Oct 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Maksim Sergeyevich Akulov (b. 1897 - d. 1924) RKP
Kuban Cossack Host Atamans
23 Nov 1919 - 24 Nov 1919 Pavel Ivanovich Kurganskiy (acting)(b. 1879 - d. 1957) CH
24 Nov 1919 - 29 Dec 1919 Nikolay Mitrofanovich Uspenskiy (b. 1875 - d. 1919) Mil
29 Dec 1919 - 13 Jan 1920 Filip Semyonovich Sushkov (acting) (b. 1864 - d. 1946) LI
13 Jan 1920 - Mar 1920 Nikolay Andrianovich Bukretov (b. 1876 - d. 1930) Mil
Mar 1920 - Nov 1920 Vasiliy Nikolayevich Ivanis (b. 1888 - d. 1974) Mil
(acting)
1920 - 1958 Vyacheslav Grigoryevich Naumenko (b. 1883 - d. 1973)
(in exile Lemnos Island, Greece 1920-1921;
Belgrade 1921-1944, in Berin 1944-1945,
West Germany 1945-1949, from 1949 New York)
Atamans of the Kuban Cossack Host Abroad
(in exile in New York, from 1978 in Howell, New Jersey)
1958 - 1966 Boris Ivanovich Tkachev (b. 1896 - d. 1972)
1966 - 18 Sep 1975 Vladimir Ivanovich Tretyakov (b. 1897 - d. 1975)
1975 - 7 Mar 1984 Aleksandr Vasilyevich Bublik (b. 1934 - d. 1984)
1984 - Aleksandr Mikhaylovich Pevnev (b. 1929)

Chairman of the Kuban Cossack Host Government
30 Apr 1917 - 14 Nov 1917 Alexander Petrovich Filimonov (s.a.) Mil
Chairmen of the Kuban Kray Government
14 Nov 1917 - 31 Dec 1918 Luka Lavrentyevich Bych (b. 1870 - d. 1945) PSR/CH
(in opposition to the Bolsheviks Mar 1918 �
Aug 1918, first in various locations in Kuban
countryside, from May 1918 in Novocherkassk at Don)
18 Dec 1918 - 19 May 1919 Filip Semyonovich Sushkov (s.a.) LI
(acting for Bych to 31 Dec 1918)
(1st time)
19 May 1919 - 25 May 1919 Daniil Yermolayevich Skobtsov (b. 1884 - d. 1969) LI
(acting)
25 May 1919 - 11 Dec 1919 Pavel Ivanovich Kurganskiy (s.a.) CH
11 Dec 1919 - 18 Jan 1920 Filip Semyonovich Sushkov (s.a.) LI
(2nd time)
18 Jan 1920 - Nov 1920 Vasiliy Nikolayevich Ivanis (s.a.) Mil
c.Aug 1920 Ivan Georgiyevich Zakharov Mil
(acting for Ivanis)

Abbreviations: CH = Chernomortsy (Black Sea Cossacks, informal, Kuban Cossack nationalist, 1917-1920); LI = Lineytsy (Line Cossacks, informal, Kuban Cossack moderate autonomist, 1917-1920)

Mountainous Armenia : see Zangezur (Syunik) under Armenia

Mountainous K arabakh : see Nagorno-Karabakh under Azerbaijan

Nakhichevan: see under Azerbaijan

Mugan: see Talysh-Mughan under Azerbaijan

South of Russia

7 Jan 1918 Volunteer Army formed in Rostov-na-Donu (the first anti-Bolshevik
unit to be called the "White Guard").
22 Feb 1918 Volunteer Army left Don for Kuban, on 30 Mar 1918 allied with the
Kuban Cossacks, then based in various locations along Kuban-Don
border.
21 Jul 1918 Stavropol taken by "Whites", the Volunteer Army begun to acquire
territory outside of Cossack areas (Novorossiysk taken 26 Aug
1918).
3 Oct 1918 "Governorates and Oblasts Occupied by Volunteer Army", a provisional
territorial entity proclaimed (All-Russian authority, claimed by
the "Ufa Directory", not recognized).
8 Jan 1919 Armed Forces in the South of Russia (AFSR) organized by agreement
between the Volunteer Army and the All-Great Don Host, the "Areas
Administered by AFSR" created (included the Don, Kuban and
eventually Terek Cossack Host areas), the commander-in-chief of
AFSR recognized as the supreme "White" authority in the South of
Russia.
25 Jun 1919 AFSR recognized Aleksandr Kolchak as Supreme Ruler of the Russian
state (see Alternative "White" Central Governments), while Anton
Denikin, commander-in-chief of AFSR, retained "entire military and
civil authority in the South of Russia."
Sep 1919 - Oct 1919 Maximum "White" advance towards Moscow (Kursk occupied 20 Sep - 19
Nov, Voronezh occupied 6 - 24 Oct, Oryol occupied 13 - 20 Oct).
15 Jan 1920 Supreme authority of the Russian state devolved to Denikin,
appointed as successor of Aleksandr Vasilyevich Kolchak on 4 Jan
1920, but he accepted neither the functions nor style of Supreme
Ruler (the supreme authority lapsed).
21 Feb 1920 - 27 Mar 1920 Government in South of Russia created by Denikin (he was recognized
as "head of authority in South of Russia", a status but not
style) in Novorossiysk by agreement of AFSR with 3 Cossack Hosts.
27 Mar 1920 Novorossiysk occupied by Soviet Russian forces, the "White"
headquarters moved to Crimea.
11 Apr 1920 Baron Vrangel' (Wrangel) assumes the style of the Ruler claiming
the supreme Russian authority (see Alternative "White" Central
Governments).

Commanders-in-chief of the Volunteer Army (from Aug 1918, in Yekaterinodar) 7 Jan 1918 - 8 Oct 1918 Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev (b. 1857 - d. 1918) Mil
(with style of the Supreme Chief)
8 Oct 1918 - 8 Jan 1919 Anton Ivanovich Denikin (b. 1872 - d. 1947) Mil
Commanders-in-Chief of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia
8 Jan 1919 - 4 Apr 1920 Anton Ivanovich Denikin (s.a.) Mil
(in Taganrog to Dec 1919, in Tikhoretsk Dec 1919 - Feb
1920, in Novorossiysk Feb 1920-Mar 1920, then Feodosiya)
4 Apr 1920 - 11 Apr 1920 Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel' (b. 1878 - d. 1928) Mil
(Wrangel)(in Sevastopol')

Chairmen of the Special Consultation with the Commander-in-chief (on 15 Feb 1919 formally
granted the executive function)(to Jul 1919 in Yekaterinodar, then in Rostov-na-Donu)
31 Aug 1918 - 8 Oct 1918 Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev (b. 1857 - d. 1918) Mil
8 Oct 1918 - 25 Oct 1919 Avram Mikhaylovich Dragomirov (b. 1868 - d. 1955) Mil
Sep 1919 - 25 Oct 1919 Aleksandr Sergeyevich Lukomskiy (b. 1868 - d. 1939) Mil
(acting for Dragomirov)
25 Oct 1919 - 30 Dec 1919 Aleksandr Sergeyevich Lukomskiy (s.a.) Mil
Chairman of the Council of Managers with the Commander-in-chief(in Novorossiysk)
30 Dec 1919 - 21 Feb 1920 Aleksandr Sergeyevich Lukomskiy (s.a.) Mil
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Government in the South of Russia
21 Feb 1920 - 27 Mar 1920 Nikolay Mikhaylovich Melnikov (b. 1881 - d. 1972) Non-party
(in Novorossiysk)

South-East Union of Cossack Hosts, Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, and Free People of the Steppes

2 Nov 1917 Treaty of union of Cossack hosts of Don, Kuban, Astrakhan and Terek,
Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, and Free People of the
Steppes (this designation stood for the Kalmyks) is signed at
Vladikavkaz.
14 Nov 1917 Treaty of union also approved by the Ural Host Government.
29 Nov 1917 United government of the South-East Union of Cossack Hosts, Mountain
Peoples of the Caucasus, and Free People of the Steppes is
constituted in Yekaterinodar (Kuban), as part of the Russian
federal republic.
28 Feb 1918 United government ceases to function.

Chairman of the United Government
29 Nov 1917 � 28 Feb 1918 Vasiliy Akimovich Kharlamov (b. 1875 � d. 1957) KDP

South-Western Caucasus Government: see under Turkey

Stavropol

14 Jan 1918 - 21 Jul 1918

19 Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule rejected by the Stavropol Governorate Zemstvo
(self-administration).
14 Jan 1918 Bolshevik rule in Stavropol governorate, Stavropol Soviet Republic
(Stavropol'skaya Sovetskaya Respublika)(this designation came in
use later and was not formally adopted), founded in Stavropol,
part of the Russian S.F.S.R.
7 Jul 1918 Stavropol Soviet Republic merged into North Caucasian Soviet
Republic.
21 Jul 1918 Under "White" forces (later Armed Forces in the South of Russia).
29 Feb 1920 Soviet Russian forces retake Stavropol.

Chairman of the Stavropol Governorate Zemstvo Board 1917? - 14 Jan 1918 Anatoliy Matveyevich Kukhtin ? (d. af.1919)
Chairmen of the Stavropol Governorate Executive Committee of Soviets
14 Jan 1918 - 4 Apr 1918 Grigoriy Ivanovich Meshcheryakov SSRM
4 Apr 1918 - 28 Apr 1918 Anton Semyonovich Vdovichenko PLSR
Chairman of the Military-Revolutionary Committee 28 Apr 1918 - 9 May 1918 Grigoriy Ivanovich Meshcheryakov SSRM
Chairman of the Stavropol Governorate Executive Committee of Soviets
9 May 1918 - 7 Jul 1918 Ivan Yemelyanovich Deyneko (Shatov)(b. 1881 � d. 1942) RKP

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
21 Jan 1918 - 9 May 1918 Aleksandr Andreyevich Ponomaryev (b. 1876 - d. 1941) RSDRP-B/RKP
(imprisoned from 28 Apr 1918)
9 May 1918 Post abolished

Terek

16 Mar 1918 - 11 Feb 1919	Terek Cossack Host Flag in exile c.1950's (adopted possibly in the 1920's)

1712 Grebni Cossack Host organized.
1832 Caucasus Line Cossack Host formed from Grebni Host and other
Cossack entities.
1860 Renamed Terek Cossack Host.
10 Nov 1917 Host Government assumed provisionally "entire state authority"
in Terek Oblast.
14 Dec 1917 - 18 Mar 1918 Provisional Government Council of Terek-Dagestan Kray formed in
Vladikavkaz by agreement between Terek Cossacks and Mountain
Peoples, claimed "provisional entire authority until establishment
of legitimate Russian authority" in Terek and Dagestan Oblasti.
16 Mar 1918 Terek People's Soviet Republic, as part of the Russian S.F.S.R.,
founded by Congress of Terek People's at Pyatigorsk (the rebellion
against Terek-Dagestan Government began by Bolshevik takeover of
Grozny on 13 Jan 1918 and by forming of the People's Council on
31 Jan 1918 in Pyatigorsk).
19 Mar 1918 Soviet troops occupy Vladikavkaz.
3 Jul 1918 - 23 Nov 1918 Cossack rebellion, a provisional government formed in Mozdok (the
Cossacks briefly occupy Vladikavkaz 6 - 17 Aug 1918), on 3 Oct
1918 the Terek Republic, as part of a Russian federal republic,
proclaimed.
7 Jul 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Terek People's Soviet Republic declared to be merged into the North
Caucasian Soviet Republic (not effected).
11 Jan 1919 Terek People's Soviet Republic is dissolved by the Russian S.F.S.R.
11 Feb 1919 Vladikavkaz occupied by Denikin's "White" Armed Forces in the South
of Russia (AFSR)(see South of Russia) and the Terek Cossacks
(Pyatigorsk occupied already 20 Jan 1919, Grozny 4 Feb 1919).
7 Mar 1919 Authority of the "autonomous" restored Terek Cossack Host limited to
the Cossack areas in the Terek Oblast (areas of the Mountain
People's and the 3 main urban areas remained under direct authority
of AFSR), on 20 Jun 1920 the Host constitution (Provisional
Regulations on Governance) is adopted.
5 Apr 1920 Soviet re-occupation of Vladikavkaz (Pyatigorsk already taken 16 Mar
1920, Grozny 20 Mar 1920), the Terek Cossacks are evacuated to
Georgia and then to the Crimea.
4 Aug 1920 "Full internal self-government" granted to four Cossack Hosts of
Southern Russia, then in Crimea, by Baron Vrangel', the Ruler in
the South of Russia.
Nov 1920 Terek Cossacks evacuate Crimea for Turkey.
20 Jan 1921 Some territory part of Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet
Republic (proclaimed 17 Nov 1920).

Terek Cossack Host Atamans
9 Apr 1917 - 29 Dec 1917 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Karaulov (b. 1878 - d. 1917) Mil
29 Dec 1917 - 8 Mar 1918 Lev Yefimovich Medyanik (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 1918) Mil
Chairmen of the Provisional Terek-Dagestan Kray Government Council
14 Dec 1917 - 18 Mar 1918 Knyaz' Rashid-Khan Zabitovich (b. 1883 - d. 1937) SGSK
Kaplanov
(left Feb 1918 for Tiflis, Georgia)
Feb 1918 - 18 Mar 1918 Aslan-Bek Butayev (b. 1880 � d. 1938) SGSK
(acting for Kaplanov)
Chairmen of the Terek People's Council
31 Jan 1918 - 11 Mar 1918 Yuriy Gavrilovich Pashkovskiy (b. 1889 - d. 1918) PLSR
(in Pyatigorsk, in dissidence)
11 Mar 1918 - 15 Mar 1918 Pavel Feliksovich Karpinskiy (b. 1858 - d. 1919) PLSR
(acting)(in dissidence)
15 Mar 1918 - Aug 1918 Yermolay Sergeyevich Bogdanov RSDRP-I
Aug 1918 - Dec 1918 Akhmet Tambulatovich Tsalikov (b. 1882 � d. 1928) RSDRP-I
Dec 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Said Ibragimovich Gabiyev (b. 1882 � d. 1963) PLSR
Chairman of Terek Kray Provisional Cossack-Peasant People ' s Government (in rebellion, in Mozdok)
3 Jul 1918 - 23 Nov 1918 Georgiy Fyodorovich Bicherakhov (b. 1878 � d. 1920) RSDRP-M
(continued in exile at Petrovsk-Port to 8 Dec 1918)
Chief administrators of Terek-Dagestan Kray (with rights of governor-general, in Pyatigorsk)
23 Jan 1919 - 29 Apr 1919 Vladimir Platonovich Lyakhov (b. 1869 � d. 1920) Mil
Mar 1919 - 29 Apr 1919 Yevgeniy Vasilyevich Maslovskiy (b. 1876 � d. 1971) Mil
(acting for absent Lyakhov)
Chief administrator of North Caucasus (with rights of governor-general, in Pyatigorsk)
(in charge of Terek, Dagestan, Stavropol, Kalmyk Steppe, and Transcaspia)
29 Apr 1919 - Apr 1920 Ivan Georgiyevich Erdeli (b. 1870 � d. 1939) Mil
Terek Cossack Host Ataman
7 Mar 1919 - Nov 1920 Gerasim Andreyevich Vdovenko (b. 1867 - d. 1946) Mil
(continued in exile in Constantinople 1920-1921,
Belgrade 1921-1945, Soviet prisoner from 1945)
Atamans of the Terek Cossack Host Abroad
1952 - 1970 Konstantin Konstantinovich Agoyev (b. 1889 � d. 1971)
(in exile in Fairfield, Connecticut)
1970 - 1973 Vladimir Ivanovich Staritskiy (b. 1885 � d. 1975)
(in exile in Dorchester, Maryland)
1973 - 1981 Konstantin Iosifovich Shcherbakov (b. 1891 � d. 1983)
(in exile in Richmond, Virginia)
1981 - 7 Jan 1998 Nikolay Nikolayevich Protopopov (b. 1921 � d. 1998)
(in exile in Monterey, California)

Chairman of the Terek Cossack Host Government
Apr 1917 - 8 Mar 1918 Lev Yefimovich Medyanik (s.a.) Mil
Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars
9 Mar 1918 - 20 Jun 1918 Samuil Grigoryevich Buachidze (b. 1882 - d. 1918) RKP
20 Jun 1918 - 20 Aug 1918 Yuriy Gavrilovich Pashkovskiy (s.a.) PLSR
20 Aug 1918 - Dec 1918 Frits Khristianovich Bulle (b. 1883 � d. 1939) RKP
(Fricis Bulle)
Dec 1918 - 11 Jan 1919 Yakov Petrovich Butyrin (b. 1884 � d. 1919) RSDRP-I
Chairmen of Terek Cossack Host Government
7 Mar 1919 - early 1920 Valentin Iosifovich Abramov Non-party
early 1920 - Nov 1920 Yevgeniy Aleksandrovich (b. 1890 � d. 1943) Mil
Bukanovskiy

Dagestan

Nov 1917 Dagestan Oblast Executive Committee, located in Temir-Khan-Shura
(modern Buynaksk), does not recognize Bolshevik rule.
13 Dec 1917 Petrovsk-Port (modern Makhachkala) City Soviet seizes power in the
city and along the coast.
14 Dec 1917 Dagestan claimed by the Terek-Dagestan provisional government
(largely not effected).
23 Mar 1918 Petrovsk-Port occupied by anti-Bolshevik forces.
19 Apr 1918 Communists from Baku (see Baku Commune) retake Petrovsk-Port
(Temir-Khan-Shura also taken on 1 May 1918).
May 1918 � Oct 1918 Imam of Dagestan (Imamate was proclaimed 25 Jan 1918) attempted to
organize "government of Dagestan" in Gunib in opposition to the
Bolsheviks.
11 May 1918 Republic of the Union of Mountain Peoples of the North Caucasus
(also officially styled as "Mountain Republic" or "North Caucasus
Republic") founded in exile in Batumi (nominally consisting of 7
"states" - Dagestan, Chechen-Ingush, Ossetia, Kabarda, Karachay-
Balkar, Circassia, and Abkhazia), independence from Russia
proclaimed (not recognized by Soviet Russia or "White" Russians).
8 Jun 1918 Independence of the Mountain Republic recognized by the Ottoman
Empire in the Treaty of Batum.
2 Sep 1918 Petrovsk-Port occupied by troops of Central Caspian Dictatorship
from Baku (Temir-Khan-Shura occupied 18 Sep 1918), on 19 Oct 1918
the local Caucasus-Caspian Union Provisional Government organized
in Petrovsk-Port, it recognized the supreme Russian authority of
the "Ufa Directory".
8 Nov 1918 � 30 Nov 1918 Turkish occupation of Petrovsk-Port (in Derbent already from 6 Oct
1918, in Temir-Khan-Shura from 23 Oct 1918) on behalf of the
Mountain Republic.
8 Nov 1918 Government of the Mountain Republic moved to Temir-Khan-Shura (in
Derbent from 12 Oct 1918).
Dec 1918 � Jul 1919 British troops stationed in Petrovsk-Port.
22 Dec 1918 Constitution (Provisional Regulations on the Union Council and
Government of the Mountain Republic) adopted, the Republic
actually controlled only the largest part of the Dagestan Oblast.
24 May 1919 Mountain Republic abolished with occupation of Temir-Khan-Shura by
Denikin's "White" Armed Forces in the South of Russia (Petrovsk-
Port occupied on 21 May 1919).
19 Sep 1919 � Apr 1920 North Caucasus Emirate founded (in rebellion against Russian "White"
Army), capital Vedeno (in south-east Chechnya).
19 Oct 1919 � 7 Feb 1920 Pro-republican Council of Defense of North Caucasus founded (in
rebellion against Russian "White" Army), capital in Levashi; on
7 Feb 1920 taken over by the formerly allied Red partisans.
30 Mar 1920 Soviet Red Army takes Petrovsk-Port (Temir-Khan-Shura taken on
24 Mar 1920), "White" troops leave for Persia.
5 Sep 1920 - May 1921 Imamate of Dagestan (again) proclaimed, in rebellion against Soviet
rule, capital in Botlikh.
20 Jan 1921 Dagestan A.S.S.R. (within Russian S.F.S.R.)(proclaimed 13 Nov 1920)
(see under Russian S.F.S.R admin.)

Note: Ethnic affiliation given in brackets.

Chairman of Dagestan Oblast Executive Committee (in Temir-Khan-Shura)
23 Nov 1917 - Apr 1918 Temir-Bulat Bammatov [Kumyk] (b. 1887 - d. 1918) SGSK
Imam of Dagestan (in Gunib)
May 1918 - Oct 1918 Najmuddin Hutsi [Avar] (1st time) (b. 1859 - d. 1925)
(= Nazhmudin Gotsinskiy)
(proclaimed 25 Jan 1918)
Chairmen of the Government of the Republic of the Union of Mountain Peoples
11 May 1918 - 20 Dec 1918 Abdul-Madzhid "Thapa" Chermoyev (b. 1882 - d. 1937) SGSK
[Chechen](in Tiflis, Georgia, exile May - Oct 1918)
20 Dec 1918 - 20 May 1919 Pshemakho Tamashevich Kotsev (b. 1884 - d. 1962) SGSK
[Kabardian]
Feb 1919 - 22 Mar 1919 Knyaz' Nukh-Bek Tarkovskiy [Kumyk] (b. 1878 - d. 1951) Mil
(acting for absent Kotsev)
20 May 1919 - 24 May 1919 Minkail Khalilov [Lak] (b. 1869 - d. 1935) Mil
Chairman of the Caucasus-Caspian Union Provisional Government
19 Oct 1918 - 8 Nov 1918 Lazar Fyodorovich Bicherakhov (b. 1882 - d. 1952) RSDRP-M/Mil
[Ossetian]
(in opposition to the Republic of Mountain Peoples)
Emirs of North Caucasus (in Vedeno)
19 Sep 1919 - 30 Mar 1920 Uzun Haji Khair Khan Salti [Avar] (b. 1848 - d. 1920)
(= Uzun-Khadzhi Saltinskiy)
30 Mar 1920 - Apr 1920 Sheikh Dervish Mukhammad [Avar]
Chairmen of Council of Defense of North Caucasus (in Levashi)
19 Oct 1919 - 7 Feb 1920 Sheikh Ali Haji Aqushi [Dargin] (b. 1847 - d. 1930)
(= Ali-Khadzhi Akushinskiy)
Oct 1919 - Nov 1919 Ali-Khan Kantemir [Ossetian] (b. 1886 - d. 1963)
(acting for Ali Haji)
Imams of Dagestan (in Botlikh)
5 Sep 1920 - May 1921 Najmuddin Hutsi [Avar] (2nd time) (s.a.)
(= Nazhmudin Gotsinskiy)
May 1921 Mukhammad Said-Bek [Avar] (b. 1901 - d. 1981)

Grand Vizier of Emirate (prime minister)(in Vedeno)
22 Sep 1919 - 6 Feb 1920 Inaluk Arsanukayev-Dyshninskiy (b. 1879 - d. 1921) Mil
("Mukhammad Kiyamil Khan") [Chechen]

Ottoman Turkish Commander (of the 15th Division)
Oct 1918 - 30 Nov 1918 Yusuf Izzet Pasha (b. 1876 - d. 1922)
British Representative in the North Caucasus
Dec 1918 - Jul 1919 Sir Alfred "Toby" Rawlinson (b. 1867 - d. 1934)

Mountain People's Republic: see under Dagestan

Mugan Republic: see under Azerbaijan Nakhichevan Republic Soviet Socialist Republic: see under Azerbaijan

North Caucasus Emirate: see under Dagestan

North Caucasian Soviet Republic: see under Kuban

Syunik Republic: see Zangezur (Syunik) under Armenia

Transcaucasia Democratic Federative Republic: see under Georgia

Central Asia

Alash-Orda (All-Kirghiz People's Council): see Kazakhstan

Amudarya Provisional Government: see Karakalpakstan under Uzbekistan

Basmachi: see Kokand under Uzbekistan

Bukhara (Bokhara) and Bukharan People's Soviet Republic: see under Uzbekistan

Fergana Autonomy: see Kokand under Uzbekistan

Khorazm/Khiva/Khorazmian People's Soviet Republic: see under Uzbekistan

Pamir Revolutionary Committee: see Gorno-Badakshan under Tajikistan

Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ("Turksovnarkom"): see under Uzbekistan

Transcaspian Oblast: see under Turkmenistan

Turkestan Turkic Independent Islamic Republic: see Kokand under Uzbekistan

Siberia

Siberia Region

28 Oct 1917 First Siberian Oblast Assembly elects an executive committee at
Tomsk.
Nov/Dec 1917 Bolshevik authority established in most of Siberia (Krasnoyarsk 10
Nov, Irkutsk 2 Dec, Omsk 13 Dec, Tomsk 19 Dec, Barnaul 20 Dec
1917) under the largely autonomous Central Executive Committee
of Soviets of Siberia ("Tsentrosibir"), described as "Soviet
regional association", in Irkutsk.
20-28 Dec 1917 All-Siberian Oblast Extraordinary Assembly is convened in Tomsk
(with representatives from the Governorates and Oblasti of
Akmolinsk, Altay, Irkutsk, Semipalatinsk, Tobolsk, Tomsk,
Transbaikal, Yakutsk, and Yenisey), and declares itself
"autonomous oblast authority" and its opposition to the
Bolsheviks in Petrograd.
26 Dec 1917 Provisional Siberian Oblast Council accepted 'regulations' for the
provisional institutions of the Siberian administration
(provisional constitution).
7-8 Feb 1918 Bolshevik forces begin arresting local autonomy leaders.
10 Feb 1918 Provisional Siberian Government (PSG)(Vremennoye pravitel'stvo Sibiri) is established at Tomsk by the first (underground) session
of Siberian Oblast Duma (8 Feb-14 Feb 1918), which claimed
"entire authority until convocation of the Siberian Constituent
Assembly."
Feb 1918 PSG flees Bolshevik forces for Chita, then in exile in Harbin, later
Vladivostok; by then only the Tobolsk Governorate (see Tobolsk)
and Yakutsk Oblast (see Yakutia) were outside of Bolshevik
control.
20 May 1918 The Czechoslovak Corps refuses Bolshevik demands to disarm and
convenes a congress of corps units delegates at Chelyabinsk and
the congress forms the Provisional Executive Committee of the
Czechoslovak Corps and the Military Council.
25-26 May 1918 Bolshevik forces in central Siberia are overthrown by Czechoslovak
Corps and "White" Russian (Siberian) forces. Bolsheviks evacuate
Novo-Nikolayevsk (modern Novosibirsk) on 26 May 1918, Tomsk on
31 May 1918, Omsk on 7 Jun 1918, Barnaul 15 Jun 1918, Krasnoyarsk
19 Jun 1918, Irkutsk on 11 Jul 1918.
26 May 1918 Western Siberian Commissariat (WSC)(Zapadno-Sibirskiy Komissariat),
earlier established by PSG, at Novo-Nikolayevsk (in Omsk from
7 Jun 1918) led the anti-Bolshevik resistance (WSC nominally
represented PSG, on 30 Jun 1918 renamed the Provisional Government
of Autonomous Siberia [PGAS], located in Vladivostok [see
Primorye]).
29 Jun 1918 Alternative Provisional Government of Siberia (PGS) formed in Omsk,
at a meeting featuring several members of the former body (PSG)
who were still in Western Siberia, and WSC dissolved (PGS rejected
authority of "Komuch" in Samara).
30 Jun 1918 PGAS in Vladivostok (see under Primorye) refuse to recognize the
reformed PGS in Omsk and continue in dissidence to 22 Sep 1918
claiming to be the legitimate Siberian government.
4 Jul 1918 Declaration on Siberian state sovereignty (Deklyaraciya o
gosudarstvennoy samostoyatel'nosti Sibiri) "within Russian state"
adopted by PGS "until such time as territory of European Russia]
was cleared of Bolshevik and German occupation" (PGS claimed
"supreme authority of Siberia" from the Pacific to the Urals). The
declaration was opposed by the PGAS.
23 Sep 1918 PGS together with "Komuch" established Provisional All-Russian
Government in Ufa ("Ufa Directory")(see PARG above) and recognized
its supreme authority.
3 Nov 1918 ProvisionalGovernment of Siberia passes power to Provisional All-
Russian Government and dissolves itself (as decided 23 Oct 1918).
27 Jan 1919 Trans-Siberian Railway between Novo-Nikolayevsk and Irkutsk made a
"Czechoslovak zone of operations" by the Inter-Allied Railway
Agreement of 9 Jan 1919.
Oct 1919/Jan 1920 Red Army retook Siberia as "White" troops of Supreme Ruler Kolchak
retreated (Omsk 15 Nov 1919, Barnaul 11 Dec 1919, Tomsk on 22 Dec
1919, and Krasnoyarsk on 4 Jan 1920).
25 Dec 1919 - 4 Jan 1920 Krasnoyarsk taken over by the Yenisey Governorate Zemstvo Board
(self-administration) with support of the local garrison.
5 Jan 1920 � 21 Jan 1920 Irkutsk taken over by the Socialist Political Center (claiming to be
Siberian authority) in opposition to Kolchak (on 21 Jan 1920 they
surrendered city to the "Red" partisans).
7 Feb 1920 The Soviet government and the Command of the Czechoslovak Army sign
a truce in Irkutsk (Czechoslovaks left Irkutsk by Mar 1920 and by
2 Sep 1920 were evacuated via Vladivostok).
Feb 1921 � Jun 1921 "Western Siberian Peasant Rebellion," controls large areas
(except of main cities) from the Ob River estuary in the north to
Lake Balkhash in the south (no overall political administration,
but the principal center was Tobolsk (see Tobolsk).

Chairman of the Siberian Oblast Executive Committee (in Tomsk)
28 Oct 1917 - 26 Dec 1917 Vladimir Mikhaylovich Krutovskiy (b. 1856 - d. 1938) SSO
Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee of Soviets of Siberia (in Irkutsk)(also chairmen of Council of Peopl e' s Commissars 16 Feb-28 Feb 1918 and 21 Aug-28 Aug 1918)
5 Nov 1917 - 28 Feb 1918 Boris Zakharovich Shumyatskiy (b. 1886 - d. 1938) RSDSRP-B
28 Feb 1918 - 28 Aug 1918 Nikolay Nikolayevich Yakovlev (b. 1886 - d. 1918) RKP
Jul 1918 - 28 Aug 1918 Nikolay Andreyevich Gavrilov (b. 1886 - d. 1919) RKP
(acting for absent Yakovlev; in Verkhneudinsk,
from 16 Aug 1918 in Chita)
Chairmen of the Provisional Siberian Oblast Council (in Tomsk, increasingly underground)
26 Dec 1917 - 14 Jan 1918 Grigoriy Nikolayevich Potanin (b. 1835 - d. 1920) SSO
14 Jan 1918 - 10 Feb 1918 Pyotr Yakovlevich Derber (b. 1888 - d. 1929) PSR
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Siberian Government (PSG)10 Feb 1918 - 30 Jun 1918 Pyotr Yakovlevich Derber (s.a.) PSR
(in Tomsk underground, in Feb 1918 briefly in Chita;
in Harbin, China exile 1 Mar - Jun 1918; continued
as chairman of Provisional Government of Autonomous
Siberia in dissidence to PGS in Vladivostok
30 Jun 1918 - 21 Jul 1918)
Western Siberian Commissariat of the Provisional Siberian Government
(in Novo-Nikolayevsk [Novosibirsk]; from 7 Jun 1918 in Omsk)
26 May 1918 - 30 Jun 1918 Mikhail Yakovlevich Lindberg (b. 1889 - d. 1938) PSR
+ Boris Dmitriyevich Markov (b. 1884 - d. 1920) PSR
+ Vasiliy Osipovich Sidorov (b. 1884 - d.af.1920)PSR
+ Pavel Yakovlevich Mikhaylov (b. 1889 - d. 1920) PSR
Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Government of Siberia (PGS) 30 Jun 1918 - 3 Nov 1918 Pyotr Vasilyevich Vologodskiy (b. 1863 - d. 1925) PSR
(in Omsk, from 3 Sep 1918 often in Ufa and on All-Russian business)
Chairmen of the Administrative Council of Provisional Government of Siberia
(delegated the executive functions by PGS; in Omsk)
3 Sep 1918 - 14 Sep 1918 Ivan Innokentyevich Serebrennikov (b. 1882 - d. 1940) SSO
14 Sep 1918 - 3 Nov 1918 Ivan Andrianovich Mikhailov (b. 1891 - d. 1946) SSO
Chairman of the Yenisey Governorate Zemstvo Board (in Krasnoyarsk)
25 Dec 1919 - 4 Jan 1920 Grigoriy Prokhorovich Sibirtsev (b. 1874 - d. 1921) NSP?
(in office from 1918/19)
Chairman of the Political Centre (in Irkutsk)
5 Jan 1920 - 21 Jan 1920 Florian Florianovich Fyodorovich (b. 1876 - d. 1928) PSRCzechoslovak Corps

Commanders-in-chief of the Czechoslovak Corps (from 1 Feb 1919, Army)
10 Sep 1917 - 1 Sep 1918 Vladimir Nikolayevich Shokorov (b. 1868 - d. 1940) Mil
1 Sep 1918 - Nov 1918 Jan Bohum�r Syrov� (b. 1888 - d. 1970) Mil
(continued as "chief of operations" to Sep 1920)
Nov 1918 � Sep 1920 Pierre Thi�baut Charles Maurice (b. 1862 - d. 1946) Mil
Janin
(also commander-in-chief of Allied Forces
in Siberia Feb 1919 - Feb 1920)

Tobolsk federation

1921 Tobolsk federation (one of several flags)

Nov/Dec 1917 Bolshevik rule rejected, the Tobolsk Governorate representatives
participated in the Siberian regional authorities.
19 Feb 1918 Executive Committee of Councils and Zemstvo (self-administration)
established.
9 Apr 1918 Bolshevik troops (see Siberia) reached Tobolsk (in May 1918 also
Obdorsk [modern Salekhard]).
18 Jun 1918 "White" Siberian troops take Tobolsk (from 3 Nov 1918, under the
Provisional All-Russian Government).
21 Oct 1919 Red Army retakes Tobolsk (Obdorsk remained under "White" control
until Jan 1920).
21 Feb 1921 - 8 Apr 1921 Principal center of "Western Siberian Peasant Rebellion", the
council of Tobolsk expanded authority over so-called "Tobolsk
federation" down to the Northern Ocean (rebels controlled Obdorsk
until 2 Jun 1921).

Chairman of the Tobolsk Governorate Executive Committee of Councils and Zemstvo
19 Feb 1918 - 9 Apr 1918 Vasiliy Nikolayevich Pignatti (b. 1862 - d. 1920) NSP
Mar 1918 - 9 Apr 1918 Vladimir Semyonovich Lanitin (b. 1880 - d. 1918)
(acting for Pignatti)
Chairman of the Tobolsk Peasant-City Council
27 Feb 1921 - 8 Apr 1921 Aleksey Petrovich Stepanov Non-party
(continued to 9 May 1921 in Samarovo [present Khanty-Mansiysk])
Chairman of the Obdorsk Peasant-City Council (initially under authority of Tobolsk council)
7 Apr 1921 - 2 Jun 1921 Konstantin Vasilyevich Durasov (b. 1896 - d. 19..) Non-party

Buryat-Mongol

25 Apr 1917 Eventual Buryat-Mongol polity proclaimed at the First All-Buryat
Assembly, the Assembly requests autonomy of Buryat areas.
Jan/Feb 1918 Buryats organized 7 district (uyezd) level "aymaks" (4 within
Transbaikal Oblast, 3 within Irkutsk Governorate).
5 Feb 1918 Bolshevik rule (see Siberia) in Verkhneudinsk (modern Ulan-Ude).
3 Jul 1918 Autonomy of Buryat people within Transbaikal Oblast recognized by
Transbaikal Oblast Soviet (confirmed by Transbaikal Cossack
Host Ataman Semyonov Oct 1918).
20 Aug 1918 Verkhneudinsk taken by Siberian and Czechoslovak troops (Sep 1918
replaced by Transbaikal Cossacks and Japanese troops).
Apr 1919 - Jan 1920 Verkhneudinsk sector of Trans-Siberian Railway garrisoned by U.S.
troops under the Inter-Allied Railway Agreement of 9 Jan 1919.
23 Apr 1919 - 11 May 1919 An attempt to organize a theocratic Buryat state (Kodunay Erkhij
Balgasan).
Nov 1919 People's Duma suspended by Ataman Semyonov (dissolved Oct 1920).
2 Mar 1920 "Red" partisans of Pribaikalye (see under Transbaikal) enter
Verkhneudinsk.

Chairmen of the Buryat-Mongol Central National Committee
Apr 1917 - Dec 1917 Elbek-Dorzhi Rinchino (1st time) (b. 1888 � d. 1938) PSR
Dec 1917 - Mar 1918 Tsyben Zhamtsarano (1st time) (b. 1881 � d. 1942) PSR
Mar 1918 - May 1918 Elbek-Dorzhi Rinchino (2nd time) (s.a.) PLSR?
May 1918 - Sep 1918 Tsyben Zhamtsarano (2nd time) (s.a.) PSR
Sep 1918 - Nov 1918 Dashi Sampilon (b. 1891 � d. 1937) PSR
Chairman of the Buryat-Mongol People's Duma
Nov 1918 - Nov 1919 Dashi Sampilon (s.a.) PSR
Ruler (title Tsog-Tuguldur Dharma Raja Khan)(in opposition)
23 Apr 1919 - 11 May 1919 Lubsan-Sandan Tsydenov (b. 1841 - d. 1922)

Commander of U.S. Troops in Verkhneudinsk (subordinated to commander in Vladivostok)
Apr 1919 � Jan 1920 Charles Haskell Morrow (b. 1877 - d. 1935) Mil

Karakorum-Altay

Adopted 7 Mar 1918 (possible reconstruction)

1-6 Jul 1917 First Assembly of Representatives of Indigenous Sub-districts of
Altay takes place in Biysk. They adopted a declaration "On
Recognition of Self-Determination of Indigenous People of Altai"
and calls for a separate Mountainous-Altay Zemstvo (self-
administration) in the future.
30 Dec 1917 Bolshevik rule (see Siberia) recognized in the Biysk district
(to Jun 1918).
12 Mar 1918 Constituent Second Assembly of Indigenous and Peasants Deputies'
of the Mountainous-Altay Kray (Land), in village of Ulala (modern
Gorno-Altaysk), proclaims the separation of Mountainous-Altay
region from the Biysk district, Apr 1918 � 9 Jun 1918 recognized
as a Soviet institution by the Altay Governorate Soviet of
Deputies). The new entity is called the Karakorum-Altay Okrug
(district).
18 Jul 1918 - 4 Aug 1918 Autonomous Altay republic proclaimed in opposition to Karakorum-
Altay Board, terminated by the Siberian troops.
30 Dec 1918 New Karakorum uyezd (district)(within Altay Governorate) formally
recognized by the "White" Government (effective 18 Jan 1919).
18 Dec 1919 Bolshevik forces take over Ulala and dissolved the district.
Dec 1919 - Apr 1920 Mountainous-Altay Board established opposition to the Red troops
before retreat of the "White" Altay units to Mongolia.

Chairman of the Altay Mountainous Duma (in Biysk)
Jul 1917 - Mar 1918 Grigoriy Ivanovich Gurkin (b. 1870 � d. 1937) PSR
Chairman of the Karakorum-Altay (from Jan 1919, Karakorum) District Board (in Ulala)
Mar 1918 - Feb 1919 Grigoriy Ivanovich Gurkin (s.a.) PSR
(imprisoned from Dec 1918)
Chairman of the Mountainous-Altay Central Military Council (in opposition, in Onguday)
18 Jul 1918 - 4 Aug 1918 Dmitriy Vladimirovich Satunin (b. 1885 - d. 1920) Mil
Chairman of the Karakorum District Board (in Ulala)
Feb 1919 - Dec 1919 Viktor Timofeyevich Petrov (b. 1879 - d. 1927) Non-party?
Chairman of the Mountainous-Altay Board (in Onguday)
Dec 1919 - Apr 1920 Grigoriy Ivanovich Gurkin (s.a.) PSR

Khakass

Jul 1917 Khakass National Committee set up by the Second Khakass Assembly.
13 Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule (see Siberia) in Minusinsk district (to 24 Jun 1918).
14 Mar 1918 Khakass Steppe Duma and its Board replaced the National Committee,
requested separation of Khakass district (within Yenisey
Governorate) from Minusinsk district, the Khakass declared to be
"self-governing people."
Apr 1918 � Jun 1918 Khakass autonomy confirmed by the Soviets, the Khakass Steppe Duma
to be turned into the Khakass Steppe Soviet (not fully effected).
Jul 1918 Khakass Steppe Duma and its Board re-established by the Sixth
Khakass Assembly.
1 Jan 1919 Khakass uyezd (district) created (by resolution of the Yenisey
Governorate authorities of Sep 1918), but abolished in Mar 1919.
Chairman of the Khakass National Committee

Jul 1917 - 14 Mar 1918 Stepan Dmitriyevich Maynagashev (b. 1886 - d. 1920) PSR
Chairman of the Khakass Steppe Board
14 Mar 1918 - Mar 1919 Stepan Dmitriyevich Maynagashev (s.a.) PSR

Semirechye Cossack Host: see under Kazakhstan

Tannu Tuva (Urianay kray): see under Russia

Zabaikalye (Transbaikal)

1 Sep 1918 - 22 Oct 1920

1851 Transbaikal Cossack Host formed.
Nov/Dec 1917 Bolshevik rule rejected, Transbaikal oblast representatives
participated in the Siberian regional authorities.
4 Jan 1918 People's Council established, it claimed "provisional coalition
authority" in Transbaikal oblast.
16 Feb 1918 Bolshevik rule (see Siberia) established in Chita.
6 May 1918 � Sep 1918 Transbaikal Oblast Provisional Government formed in Borzya, in
opposition to Bolshevik rule (dissolved upon recognition by Ataman
Semyonov of authority of the "White" "Ufa Directory" government).
26 Aug 1918 Chita taken by Siberian, Czechoslovak and Cossack troops (from 1 Sep
1918 only Cossacks remained).
Aug 1918 � 15 Oct 1920 Japanese troops present in Transbaikal (presence confirmed by the
Inter-Allied Railway Agreement of 9 Jan 1919).
21 Nov 1918 � 26 May 1919 Ataman Semyonov refuses to recognize authority of Aleksandr
Vasilyevich Kolchak as the Supreme Ruler and claims "entire
authority" in the oblast.
4 Jan 1920 Admiral Kolchak authorizes Semyonov to assume all civil and
military authority in the east part of Russia (Russkaya vostochnaya okraina)(no specific style; effectively only in
Transbaikal).
5 Mar 1920 Provisional Zemstvo Government of Pribaikalye proclaimed at
Verkhneudinsk by "Red" partisans (on 6 Apr 1920, became the Far
Eastern Republic [see under Russia]) in opposition to "White"
Transbaikal government.
20 Sep 1920 Semyonov recognizes the supreme authority of Baron Vrangel'
(Wrangel), Ruler in the South of Russia.
22 Oct 1920 Chita occupied by the Far Eastern Republic (Transbaikal part of Far
Eastern Republic to 15 Nov 1922), Semyonov had moved to Borzya.
21 Nov 1920 Semyonov and his troops are forced to leave Transbaikal for China.

Ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Host 3 Sep 1917 - Apr 1918 Vasiliy Vasilyevich Zimin (b. 1874 - d. 1942) Mil
(1st time)
Chairman of the Commissariat of Transbaikal_Oblast_ People's Council
4 Jan 1918 - 16 Feb 1918 Ivan Afanasyevich Butin (b. 1886 � d. 1919) PLSR
Chairman of the Transbaikal Oblast Provisional Government
6 May 1918 - Sep 1918 Grigoriy Mikhaylovich Semyonov (b. 1890 - d. 1946) Mil
(in opposition to Bolshevik rule to Aug 1918)
Atamans of the Transbaikal Cossack Host
30 Aug 1918 - 9 Jun 1919 Vasiliy Vasilyevich Zimin (nominal)(s.a.) Mil
(2nd time)
Sep 1918 - 19 Nov 1920 Grigoriy Mikhaylovich Semyonov (s.a.) Mil
(to 9 Jun 1919 as "Field Ataman" de facto acting for Zimin;
from 18 Jul 1919 to Jan 1920, with title "assistant chief
administrator" and authority of governor-general of
Transbaikal oblast granted by Kolchak; from Jan 1920
also authority in the east part of Russia)
Chairman of the Provisional Zemstvo Government of Pribaikalye 5 Mar 1920 - 6 Apr 1920 Ivan A. Pyatidesyatnikov RSDRP-M
(at Verkhneudinsk, in opposition)
Ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack Host 1920 - 30 Aug 1946 Aleksey Proklovich Baksheyev (b. 1873 - d. 1946)
(acting to 12 Jul 1922; in Harbin, China exile [1921-1922
in Vladivostok]; from Aug 1945 Soviet captive)
Assistants for Civil Affairs to authority in the East part of of Russia
16 Jan 1920 - 26 Jun 1920 Sergey Afanasyevich Taskin (b. 1876 � d. 1952) KDP
26 Jun 1920 - 18 Sep 1920 A.V. Volgin
Chairman of the Council of Managers with authority in the East part of Russia
18 Sep 1920 - 3 Nov 1920 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Vinogradov(b. 1877 - d. 1938) KDP

Yakutia

Nov/Dec 1917 Bolshevik rule rejected, Yakutsk oblast representatives participated
in the Siberian regional authorities.
22 Feb 1918 Yakutsk Oblast Council established, it assumed "supreme authority
until convocation of the Siberian or Russian Constituent Assembly"
in the oblast.
1 Jul 1918 Bolshevik forces from Irkutsk (see Siberia) overthrow the pro-
independence Yakutsk government.
21 Aug 1918 "White" Russian (Siberian) forces overthrow the Bolsheviks in
Yakutia.
14/15 Dec 1919 Local Bolsheviks regain control of Yakutia following the withdrawal
of Kolchak's "White" Russian forces (under "supreme Soviet
authority" of the partisan "Tsentrosovet", which by early Jan 1920
controlled large area from north-west of Lake Baikal to Okhotsk on
the Pacific).
12 Mar 1922 Provisional Yakutsk Oblast People's Administration is formed at
Churapcha by local "White" Russian and Yakut rebels (at first
claimed "full supreme authority", but then recognized the
authority of Priamurye [see under Primorye]), who besieged the
town of Yakutsk on 23 Mar 1922 (to Jun 1922) and took control of
most of Yakutia (except the major towns along Lena River).
27 Apr 1922 Soviet Russia establishes the Yakut A.S.S.R. (within Russian SFSR).
Jul 1922 "White" forces are ousted from Yakutsk and the remains withdraw to
the Pacific coast to port towns of Okhotsk (see underTungus) and
Ayan.
2 Sep 1922 Local "White" forces are reinforced from Vladivostok by "volunteer"
troops under General Anatoliy Nikolayevich Pepelyayev (b. 1891 -
d. 1938), acting for autonomous Siberia cause, that disembarks in
Ayan and Okhotsk and moves towards Yakutsk.
Mar 1923 Soviet troops oust the "White" Army from Amga (south-east of
Yakutsk).
6 - 16 Jun 1923 Remainder of the "White" Army is defeated near Okhotsk on 6 Jun 1923
and near Ayan on 16 Jun 1923.
Aug 1923 A further Soviet expedition landed at Kolyma to crush the last
significant resistance to Soviet rule (Kolyma under "White"
Russian control since Mar 1922).
Aug 1923 - Dec 1924 A "White" unit remained at the village of Allaikha on the lower
Indigirka River, close to the Northern Ocean, under Cavalry Capt.
Valentin Pavlovich Nikolayev (nominally recognized Soviet rule
in Nov 1923).
Sep 1927 � Jan 1928 Yakuts form "Young Yakut" party and again attempt a rebellion in
south-eastern Yakutia.

Chairman of the Executive Committee of Yakutsk Oblast Council 22 Feb 1918 - 1 Jul 1918 Vasiliy Vasilyevich Popov (b. 1876?-d.af.1923)PSR
Chairman of the Temporary Central Soviet of North Eastern Kray ("Tsentrosovet") 8 Nov 1919 - 26 Jan 1920 Vladimir Karlovich Brum RKP
(to early Jan 1920 in rebellion against the "White"
troops; based in Ust'-Kut and other nearby locations
in Irkutsk governorate)
Chairmen of the Provisional Yakutsk Oblast People's Administration
(in Churapcha; from Aug 1922, in Okhotsk)
12 Mar 1922 - Jun 1923 Georgiy Semyonovich Yefimov (b. 1892 - d.af.1960)Non-party
(left for Vladivostok in Sep 1922, then China;
did not resign)
Sep 1922 - Jun 1923 Ivan Fyodorovich Afanasyev (b. 1885 - d. 1942) Non-party
(acting for absent Yefimov)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Russkoye Ustye (at Allaikha)Nov 1923 - Dec 1924 Valentin Pavlovich Nikolayev ? (d. af.1928) Mil
Secretary-general of the Central Committee
4 Dec 1927 - 1 Jan 1928 Pavel Vasilyevich Ksenofontov (b. 1890 - d. 1928) MPK

Far East

Anadyr: see under Chukotka

Amur

to 25 Feb 1918; 18 Sep 1918 - 6 Feb 1920	25 Feb 1918 - 18 Sep 1918

1858 Amur Cossack Host established.
21 Nov 1917 Ataman of Amur Cossacks provisionally a "supreme authority" in the
Amur oblast.
4 Dec 1917 Public Safety Committee formed with transitional "supreme
legitimate authority."
7 Dec 1917 Amur Oblast Zemstvo Board (self-administration) established, with
"full authority" in the oblast (confirmed 14 Feb 1918)
25 Feb 1918 Soviet rule established by Bolsheviks, subject to the Far East
Executive Committee of Soviets (see Khabarovsk).
7 Mar 1918 - 13 Mar 1918 Blagoveshchensk briefly occupied by "White" Amur Cossack forces in
rebellion.
13 Mar 1918 - 18 Sep 1918 Bolshevik rule fully restored. 10 Apr 1918 the Amur Labor Socialist
Republic is formed (within Russian S.F.S.R.), partly in rejection
of policy of Far East Executive Committee of Soviets.
18 Sep 1918 Japanese and "White" Amur Cossack forces enter Blagoveshchensk,
Zemstvo restored; on 21 Sep 1918 the Amur Oblast Provisional
Government takes over, with "full governmental authority."
10 Nov 1918 Recognized the Provisional All-Russian Government (see PARG above)
and it's superiority, dissolved the Oblast government and handed
over power to Zemstvo Board until appointment of the Oblast
commissioner (effective 11 Nov 1918); the oblast subject to
chief "White" representatives in Far East (see under Primorye).
4 Feb 1920 Ataman of Amur Cossacks removed the Kolchak-appointed oblast
administrator and assumed authority nominally for Oblast Zemstvo
Board.
6 Feb 1920 Bolshevik partisan forces regain control of Amur the region (the
period of partisan rule to Aug 1920 referred to as "Amur_Oblast_
Government"), and Cossack leadership goes into China exile
(Japanese troops withdrew by 19 Mar 1920).
5 Aug 1920 - 15 Nov 1922 Amur_oblast_ part of the Far Eastern Republic (see under Russia).
Jan 1924 � Feb 1924 Rebellion of Amur Cossacks in the countryside.

Ataman of the Amur Cossack Host
21 Nov 1917 - 4 Dec 1917 Ivan Mikhaylovich Gamov (b. 1885 - d. 1969) PSR
(in office of Host Ataman 20 Apr 1917 � 28 Feb 1919;
in China exile Mar 1918 - Sep 1918)
Public Safety Committee of Amur Oblast
4 Dec 1917 - 7 Dec 1917 Nikolay Grigoryevich Kozhevnikov (b. 1884 - d. 1937) PSR
+ Ivan Mikhaylovich Gamov (s.a.) PSR
+ Aleksandr Nikolayevich (b. 1878 - d. 1957) PSR
Alekseyevskiy
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Zemstvo Board
7 Dec 1917 - 25 Feb 1918 Ivan Nikolayevich Shishlov (b. 1881 - d.af.1920)RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Executive Committee of Amur Oblast People's Council 7 Mar 1918 - 13 Mar 1918 Nikolay Grigoryevich Kozhevnikov (s.a.) PSR
(in rebellion)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Amur Soviet of Deputies and of the Council of People's Commissars
10 Apr 1918 - 18 Sep 1918 Fyodor Nikanorovich Mukhin (b. 1878 - d. 1919) RKP
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Zemstvo Board 18 Sep 1918 - 20 Sep 1918 Nikolay Nikolayevich Rodionov (b. 1886 - d. 1937) Non-party?
(1st time)
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Provisional Government
21 Sep 1918 - 10 Nov 1918 Aleksandr Nikolayevich (s.a.) PSR
Alekseyevskiy
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Zemstvo Board 10 Nov 1918 - 17 Nov 1918 Nikolay Nikolayevich Rodionov (s.a.) Non-party?
(2nd time)
Ataman of the Amur Cossack Host
4 Feb 1920 - 6 Feb 1920 Andrey Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov (b. 1878 - d. 1960) Mil
(in office of Host Ataman from 5 Mar 1919;
from 24 Jan 1920 with authority [but not style]
of governor-general; continued in China exile,
1921-1922 in Vladivostok, and then London)
Chairmen of the (Provisional to 16 Feb 1920) Executive Committee of the Amur Oblast Soviet of Deputies
6 Feb 1920 - 16 Feb 1920 Yakov Ferapontovich Yakovlev (b. 1884 - d. 1955) RKP
16 Feb 1920 - 5 Apr 1920 Stepan Samoylovich Shilov (b. 1885 - d. 1954) RKP
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Revolutionary Committee
5 Apr 1920 - 9 Aug 1920 Stepan Samoylovich Shilov (s.a.) RKP
Chairman of the Amur Oblast Provisional Government
14 Jan 1924 - Feb 1924 Rodion Grigoryevich Cheshev (d. 1924) Non-party
(in rebellion)

Chinese Eastern Railway Zone: see under China Foreign Colonies

Chukotka

14 Mar 1918 - 16 Dec 1919;
31 Jan 1920 - 28 Jul 1920;
Jan 1922 - 5 Jan 1923

14 Mar 1918 - 27 Jul 1918 Anadyr Uyezd (district) Council set up, did not recognized
Soviet rule in Kamchatka Oblast (see there).
16 Dec 1919 - 31 Jan 1920 Anadyr taken over by local Bolsheviks, eliminated in a coup.
8 Feb 1920 - 28 Jul 1920 Non-Bolshevik council set up by locals (also in Uelen from Mar
1920).
Jul 1920 Under effective rule from Kamchatka.
12 Dec 1920 Part (within Kamchatka) of Far Eastern Republic (see underRussia).
22 Mar 1921 Chukotka ceded to Russian S.F.S.R. by the Far Eastern Republic.
Jan 1922 Anadyr taken by "White" troops from Kamchatka (Uelen in Jul 1922).
Dec 1922 - 5 Jan 1923 Poorly recorded attempt by remaining "Whites" and Anadyr locals
to set up own administration, terminated by Soviet troops.

Chairman of the Anadyr Uyezd Council (in Novo-Mariinsk [modern Anadyr])14 Mar 1918 - 27 Jul 1918 Vasiliy D. Pchelintsev (d. af.1926) Non-party
Chairman of the Anadyr Uyezd Revolutionary Committee
16 Dec 1919 - 31 Jan 1920 Mikhail Sergeyevich Mandrikov (b. 1888 - d. 1920) RKP
Chairman of the Anadyr Uyezd Council
8 Feb 1920 - 28 Jul 1920 Vasiliy I. Rybin (d. af.1923) Non-party
Chairman of the Chukotka Uyezd Provisional Council (in Uelen)
Mar 1920 - Jul 1920 Dmitriy Aleksandrovich Khrenov Non-party
Anadyr Uyezd People's Administration [reported membership]Dec 1922 - 5 Jan 1923 Nikita Andreyevich Polyakov (b. 1876 - d. 1923) Mil
+ Makovkin Non-party
+ Mark Kandel' Non-party

Far Eastern Republic: see under Russia

Kamchatka

9 Nov 1917 - 12 Mar 1918;
12 Jul 1918 - 10 Jan 1920;
30 Oct 1921 - 10 Nov 1922

9 Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule "not recognized" by the Kamchatka Oblast Committee.
12 Mar 1918 Local Bolsheviks established the Oblast Soviet (subject to the
Far East Executive Committee of Soviets [see Khabarovsk]) and
dissolved the Committee.
12 Jul 1918 Oblast Committee restored (claimed provisional oblast "autonomy"
within Russia).
Oct 1918 Oblast commissioner of Provisional Government of Siberia arrived
(followed to Jan 1920 by authorities of the Provisional All-
Russian Government [see PARG] and Supreme Ruler Kolchak); the
Oblast subject to chief "White" representatives in Far East
(see under Primorye).
10 Jan 1920 Local socialists took over, Kamchatka Revolutionary Committee
formed (on 23 May 1920, until then referred to as "Kamchatka
Oblast Government," recognized [largely nominally] the supreme
authority of Provisional Government of Primorye [see Primorye]).
12 Dec 1920 Part of the Far Eastern Republic (see under Russia).
22 Mar 1921 Kamchatka oblast ceded to Russian S.F.S.R. by Far Eastern Republic.
30 Oct 1921 - 2 Nov 1922 Kamchatka occupied by "White" forces under the Provisional
Government of Priamurye (see under Primorye). On 2 Nov 1922
"White" troops leave for Japan.
8 Jun 1922 - 2 Nov 1922 Japanese troops present in Petropavlovsk.
10 Nov 1922 Bolshevik partisans reached Petropavlovsk and take over the city
from the City Duma.

Chairman of the Kamchatka Oblast Committee Aug 1917 - 12 Mar 1918 Aleksandr Antonovich Purin (b. 1885 - d. 1952) Non-party
(1st time)
12 Jul 1918 - Oct 1918 Aleksandr Antonovich Purin (s.a.) Non-party
(2nd time)(continued in office to 2 Feb 1919)
Chairman of the Kamchatka Oblast Revolutionary Committee
10 Jan 1920 - 7 Apr 1920 Pyotr Sergeyevich Malovechkin (b. 1891 - d. 1921) Non-party/
Feb 1920 RKP
Chairmen of the Executive Committee of the Kamchatka Oblast Soviet of Deputies
7 Apr 1920 - 7 Jun 1920 Pyotr Sergeyevich Malovechkin (s.a.) RKP
7 Jun 1920 - Dec 1920 Ivan Yemelyanovich Larin (b. 1890 - d. 1980) RKP

Khabarovsk

Nov 1917 - 25 Dec 1917; 4 Sep 1918 - 23 Oct 1920	25 Dec 1917 - 4 Sep 1918 Dal'sovnarkom

1889 Ussuri Cossack Host formed.
Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule not recognized by Priamurye Kray (covered Amur,
Kamchatka, Primorye [Maritime], and Sakhalin Oblasti) institutions
in Khabarovsk.
24 Dec 1917 - 27 Dec 1917 Priamurye Kray Provisional Bureau of Zemstvo (self-administration)
(Vremennoye zemskoye byuro Priamurskogo kraya) declared itself
"supreme provisional civil kray authority."
25 Dec 1917 Far East Executive Committee of Soviets (eventually largely
autonomous), described as "Soviet regional association", formally
assumed authority in the whole Far East for Soviet Russia.
4 Sep 1918 Bolshevik rule ended by the Ussuri Cossacks and Japanese occupation,
the Cossacks proclaimed "autonomy" and non-recognition of any
government (on 22 Oct 1918 non-recognition of "Ufa Directory"
declared).
Nov 1918 - 1 Mar 1919 Ataman of Ussuri Cossacks refused to recognize Kolchak as Supreme
Ruler (from 1 Mar 1919, the Cossacks subject to chief "White"
representatives in Far East [see under Primorye].
16 Feb 1920 Cossack leadership left Khabarovsk for China and then Grodekovo
(near Vladivostok) to Oct 1922, and Provisional Government of
Primorye (see Primorye) troops took over.
22 Aug 1920 � 23 Aug 1920 "White" Russian "independent" government proclaimed at Khabarovsk,
dissolved by Primorye troops.
23 Oct 1920 Japanese forces depart; Khabarovsk part of the Far Eastern Republic
(see under Russia), to 15 Nov 1922 as capital of new Priamurye
Oblast (on 11 Nov 1920 split from Primorye Oblast).
22 Dec 1921 - 13 Feb 1922 Far Eastern Republic rule interrupted by Provisional Government
of Priamurye (see under Primore).

Ataman of the Ussuri Cossack Host (in Nikol'sk-Ussuriyskiy)31 Mar 1917 - 2 Feb 1918 Nikolay L'vovich Popov Mil
(acting to 18 Apr 1917)
Chairmen of Priamurye Kray (from 25 Dec 1917, Far East) Executive **Committee of Councils (Soviets)**25 Aug 1917 - 25 Dec 1917 Nikolay Aleksandrovich Vakulin (b. 1881 - d. 1919) RSDRP-M
12 Dec 1917 - 8 May 1918 Aleksandr Mikhaylovich (b. 1880 - d. 1937) RSDRP-B
Krasnoshchekov
Chairman of the Priamurye Kray Provisional Bureau of Zemstvo 24 Dec 1917 - 27 Dec 1917 Mikhail Akimovich Timofeyev PSR
(in opposition to Soviets; continued to
25 Jan 1918 in Blagoveshchensk exile)
Chairman of the Council of People ' s Commissars of Far East ("Dal'sovnarkom")
8 May 1918 - 4 Sep 1918 Aleksandr Mikhaylovich (s.a.) RKP
Krasnoshchekov
(continued in Blagoveshchensk exile to 18 Sep 1918)
Atamans of the Ussuri Cossack Host
5 Sep 1918 - 16 Feb 1920 Ivan Pavlovich Kalmykov (b. 1890 - d. 1920) Mil
(in office of Host Ataman Feb 1918 - Sep 1920;
to 4 Jul 1918 and from 12 Feb 1920 in China exile
[4 Jul 1918 - Sep 1918 in Grodekovo]; from 2 Sep 1919
with authority [but not style] of governor-general)
12 Feb 1920 - 16 Feb 1920 Modest Aleksandrovich Demishkhan (b. 1888 - d. 1963) Mil
(acting for absent Kalmykov)
Chairman of the Khabarovsk Government (in dissidence)
22 Aug 1920 - 23 Aug 1920 Konstantin Tikhonovich Likhoydov (b. 1858 - d. 1923) Non-party?
Ataman of the Ussuri Cossack Host (submitted to authorities in control of Vladivostok)Sep 1920 - Oct 1922 Yuriy Aleksandrovich Savitskiy (b. 1890 - d.af.1922)Mil
(acting to Apr 1921; in Grodekovo [near Vladivostok]
to Oct 1922, then in China exile)

Tungus (Okhotsk)

to 18 Apr 1918; 22 Sep 1918 - 14 Dec 1919; 3 Oct 1921 - 6 Jun 1923	Jul 1924 - 9 May 1925

18 Apr 1918 - 22 Sep 1918 Soviet rule in Okhotsk uyezd(district) of Kamchatka Oblast (even
after they lost the main part of the o blast on 12 Jul 1918).
14 Dec 1919 Bolsheviks re-take Okhotsk, to Jan 1920 subject to "Tsentrosovet"
(see under Yakutia), then events generally follow Kamchatka.
3 Oct 1921 Okhotsk taken by the Priamurye (see Primorye) troops under Colonel
Valeryan Aleksandrovich Bochkarev (b. 1892 � d. 1923), based at
Nayakhan (present Evensk, east of Magadan) 25 Oct 1921 - 13 Apr
1923.
6 Sep 1922 - 6 Jun 1923 Passed to the "White" troops of Anatoliy Nikolayevich Pepelyayev
(b. 1891 - d. 1938)(see under Yakutia), remained under the
administrators appointed by Priamurye.
Dec 1922 - May 1923 Poorly recorded attempts by Okhotsk locals to set up their own
administration (on 21 Apr 1923 even claiming "supreme authority"
in Okhotsk Kray).
10 May 1924 A group of Tungus (Evenks) and Yakuts take Nel'kan (on 6 Jun 1924
also the port of Ayan on the Okhotsk Sea coast).
14 Jul 1924 All-Tungus Assembly of the Okhotsk Coast in Nel'kan establishes
the Provisional Tungus People's Administration, which claims
autonomy and requests to join the Yakut A.S.S.R.
9 May 1925 Extinguished by Soviet Red Army (by agreement).
18 Jul 1925 Detachment in the Medvejya area, located 50 km from Okhotsk, join
the surrender.
Mar 1931 � Apr 1931 Another Tungus (Evenk) rebellion, in Udsk (south of Ayan).

Chairman of the Okhotsk Kray Assembly (Council) of Representatives (in Okhotsk)
c.Apr 1923 Ivan Mikhaylovich Yanygin (d. 1923) Mil
Chairman of the Provisional Tungus People's Administration (in Nel'kan)
14 Jul 1924 - 9 May 1925 Konstantin Afanasyevich Struchkov (b. 1883 - d.af.1943)Non-party
(formally to 10 Aug 1925)
Chairman of the Tungus Provisional Government (in Udsk)
16 Mar 1931 � Apr 1931 Nikolay Kirillovich Tretyakov (b. 1885 - d.af.1932)Non-party

Ukrainian Far Eastern Kray Secretariat ("Green Ukraine")

Proposed Flag

24 Jun 1917 First All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress at Nikol'sk-Ussuriyskiy.
(modern Ussuriysk) forms the Far Eastern Regional Council
(Kray Rada).
30 Jan 1918 Second All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress at Khabarovsk. "Green
Ukraine" proclaimed as part of the Ukrainian State (in spite of
the lack of geographical connection).
7 Apr 1918 Third All-Ukrainian Far Eastern Congress asked for creation of
an independent Ukrainian State on the Pacific Ocean, but no
territorial entity or authority is ever established.
20 Jun 1919 - 31 Jan 1920 Suppressed by Kolchak's "White" Russian forces.
11 Apr 1920 Order of Transbaikal Cossack Ataman Semyonov about right of Far
Eastern Ukrainians for national self-determination and autonomy in
the limits of united Far Eastern state of Cossacks, Buryats, and
Ukrainians (to no effect).
5 Nov 1922 Ukrainian Far Eastern Secretariat dissolved after the Soviet
takeover of Vladivostok.

Chairmen of the Ukrainian Far Eastern Kray Secretariat
(in Khabarovsk, from 1918 in Vladivostok)12 Apr 1918 - 24 Oct 1918 Gordey Petrovich Melashich (d. af.1922)
25 Oct 1918 - 20 Jun 1919 Yuriy Kos'mych Glushko "Mova" (b. 1882 - d. 1942)
(= Yuriy Kos'mich Glushko)
(1st time)
31 Jan 1920 - 5 Nov 1922 Yuriy Kos'mych Glushko "Mova" (s.a.)
(2nd time)

Sakhalin

Nov 1917 - 25 Jan 1918;

7 Sep 1918 - 29 Feb 1920

Mar 1914 - 22 Nov 1920 Sakhalin oblast in addition to North Sakhalin (Sakhalin uyezd
[district]) included also mainland area around Nikolayevsk
(the later made oblast capital in Apr 1917).
Nov 1917 Bolshevik rule not recognized by the Oblast Council (Soviet) of
Deputies.
25 Jan 1918 Sakhalin Oblast Soviet taken over by the Bolsheviks, subject to
Far East Executive Committee of Soviets (see under Khabarovsk).
7 Sep 1918 Oblast Soviet transferred authority to the restored Sakhalin Oblast
Zemstvo Board (self-administration) in anticipation of the
Japanese landing at Nikolayevsk (which took place 9 Sep 1918).
26 Oct 1918 Oblast commissioner of Provisional Government of Siberia arrives
(followed to Feb 1920 by authorities of the Provisional All-
Russian Government [see PARG] and Supreme Ruler Kolchak), the
oblast subject to chief "White" representatives in Far East
(see under Primorye).
14 Jan 1920 Local Socialists took over North Sakhalin (on 1 Feb 1920 recognized
authority of Provisional Government of Primorye [see Primorye]).
29 Feb 1920 Bolshevik partisans occupied Nikolayevsk (on 9 Mar 1920 North
Sakhalin submitted to authorities in Nikolayevsk).
15 Mar 1920 Japanese garrison at Nikolayevsk exterminated by partisans.
28 Mar 1920 Sakhalin Oblast Soviet of Deputies declared non-recognition of Far
Eastern Republic or Provisional Government of Primorye (this
period of local partisan rule referred to as "Nikolayevsk
Commune").
22 Apr 1920 - 25 May 1925 Northern Sakhalin occupied by Japan.
7 Jun 1920 Nikolayevsk occupied by Japan (on 2 Aug 1920 civil administration of
Sakhalin oblast taken over by Japanese military and Japanese law
made applicable).
25 Sep 1922 Japanese forces depart from Nikolayevsk; part of the Far Eastern
Republic (see under Russia) to 15 Nov 1922 (Sakhalin oblast was
dissolved already on 22 Nov 1920 and made part [nominally] of the
new Priamurye oblast).

Chairman of the Executive Committee of Sakhalin Oblast Council (Soviet) of Deputies
Nov 1917 - 25 Jan 1918 .... RSDRP-M
Chairman of the Sakhalin Oblast Zemstvo Board
7 Sep 1918 - 26 Oct 1918 Andrey Andreyevich Shelkovnikov (b. 18.. - d. 1920) PSR?
(1st time)(continues in office to 1920)
Chairman of the Sakhalin Uyezd Provisional Revolutionary Committee (in North Sakhalin only)
13/14 Jan 1920-9 Mar 1920 Aleksandr Trofimovich Tsapko (b. 1884 - d. 1920) Non-party
Chairman of the Sakhalin Oblast Zemstvo Board
Feb 1920 - 29 Feb 1920 Andrey Andreyevich Shelkovnikov (s.a.) PSR?
(2nd time)
Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Sakhalin _Oblast_Soviet of Deputies
29 Feb 1920 - 7 Jun 1920 Fyodor Vasilyevich Zhelezin (b. c.1885 - d. 1920)RKP
(chairman of Oblast Revolutionary Committee to 28 Mar 1920)
Provincial Chief (in North Sakhalin only)
May 1920 - 22 May 1920 Dmitriy Dmitriyevich Grigoryev (b. 1865 - d. 1932) Non-party
(appointed by Japanese, did not take office)

Japanese Military Commanders in North Sakhalin (from Jun 1920 in Nikolayevsk)
22 Apr 1920 - May 1920 Jirō Tamon (b. 1878 - d. 1934) Mil
May 1920 - 29 Jul 1920 ... Yonekura
Japanese **Commanders of Expeditionary Force in North Sakhalin (in Nikolayevsk to Sep 1922) 29 Jul 1920 - 15 Jun 1921 Sojirō Kojima (b. 1869 - d. 1922) Mil
15 Jun 1921 - 1 Apr 1923 Keiu Machida (b. 1865 - d. 1939) Mil
1 Apr 1923 - 25 May 1925 Kazutsugu Inoue (b. 1873 - d.af.1947)Mil

Primorye (Priamurye)

29 Jun 1918 - 22 Sep 1918;

28 Oct 1918 - 12 Dec 1920;

26 May 1921 - 25 Oct 1922

21 Nov 1917 Vladivostok City Soviet of Deputies assumed authority in the city
(followed by the rest of Soviets of Primorye (Maritime) Oblast
by Dec 1917 [see Khabarovsk]).
29 Jun 1918 Czechoslovak Corps rebels in Vladivostok ending Bolshevik rule.
Jun 1918 - Sep 1918 "White" authority disputed among the Primorye Oblast Zemstvo Board,
Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (PGAS, previous
activity see under Siberia) and General Dmitriy Leonidovich
Khorvat, who proclaimed himself a Provisional Ruler of Russia.
2 Jul 1918 PGAS is nominally recognized by the Zemstvo Board (self-
administration) as political "central state authority," while the
Board remained in control as "supreme oblast state authority"
(none of them recognized the claims of Khorvat).
6 Jul 1918 Allies declared Vladivostok to be under "temporary Allied
protection" (followed by landing of Japanese troops on 11 Jul 1918
and by U.S. troops on 15 Aug 1918) and recognized the Zemstvo
Board (but not PGAS) as the authority.
Sep 1918 Supreme authority of Provisional Government of Siberia (see under
Siberia; followed by the Provisional All-Russian Government
[see PARG] and Supreme Ruler Kolchak) recognized (22 Sep 1918 by
PGAS, and on 30 Sep 1918 by General Dmitriy Leonidovich Khorvat).
Jan 1919 Parts of Trans-Siberian Railway within the Primorye oblast under
control of the U.S. troops by the Inter-Allied Railway Agreement
of 9 Jan 1919.
31 Jan 1920 Authority of the representatives of Admiral Kolchak in Primorye Oblast overthrown; Provisional Government of the Zemstvo Board of
Primorye Oblast formed, with "provisional full authority" (on
26 Feb 1920 recognized by Soviet Russia, but only as "local o blast
authority").
31 Mar 1920 Provisional Government alternatively styled as Provisional
Government of the Far East, its claims of "provisional supreme
authority" extended to Amur, Kamchatka, and Sakhalin oblasti
(the former Priamurye Kray).
1 Apr 1920 Departure of the U.S. troops completed.
4 Apr 1920 - 23 Apr 1920 Japanese military forces prevent local government from functioning.
11 Dec 1920 People's Assembly (Narodnoye Sobraniye) of Primorskaya oblast passes
a law for incorporation into the Far Eastern Republic.
12 Dec 1920 - 26 May 1921 Primorye_oblast_ part of the Far Eastern Republic (see under Russia).
26 May 1921 Provisional Priamurye Government established, as "supreme
independent kray authority", in opposition to the Far Eastern
Republic.
3 Aug 1922 Land Assembly (Zemskiy Sobor) ofPriamurye decides that supreme
power in Russia belongs to the Romanov dynasty, and voiced the
wish to make a member of Romanov dynasty the Supreme Ruler of
Priamurye. On 8 Aug 1922, General Mikhail Konstantinovich
Diterikhs is installed as Ruler.
20 Oct 1922 - 22 Oct 1922 Abortive attempt by Siberian autonomists to take over Vladivostok.
25 Oct 1922 - 15 Nov 1922 Annexed by the Far Eastern Republic (see under Russia) afterthe
departure of Japanese troops on 25 Oct 1922.

Chairman of the Primorye (Maritime) Oblast Zemstvo Board 29 Jun 1918 - 22 Sep 1918 Aleksandr Semyonovich Medvedev (b. 1880 - d. 1928) PSR
(nominally recognized authority of PGAS
on 2 Jul 1918, continued in office to Dec 1920)
Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia 30 Jun 1918 - 21 Jul 1918 Pyotr Yakovlevich Derber (b. 1888 - d. 1929) PSR
(in dissidence to 2 Jul 1918; arrived from Harbin, China)
21 Jul 1918 - 22 Sep 1918 Ivan Aleksandrovich Lavrov (b. 1871 - d. 1942) PSR
Provisional Ruler of Russia (self-proclaimed; in dissidence in Grodekovo [modern Pogranichnyy]) 9 Jul 1918 - 30 Sep 1918 Dmitriy Leonidovich Khorvat (b. 1858 - d. 1937) Mil
Chief Administering Officers in Far East (with authority of governor-general) 22 Sep 1918 - 28 Oct 1918 Radola Gajda (b. 1892 - d. 1948) Mil
Sep 1918 - Oct 1918 Eduard Kadlec (b. 1880 - d. 1961) Mil
(acting for mostly absent Gajda)
Supreme Commissioner in Far East (with authority of governor-general)
28 Oct 1918 - 18 Jul 1919 Dmitriy Leonidovich Khorvat (s.a.) Mil
Chief Administrator of Priamurye Kray (with authority of governor-general)18 Jul 1919 - 31 Jan 1920 Sergey Nikolayevich Rozanov (b. 1869 - d. 1937) Mil
Chairman of the Provisional Government of the Zemstvo Board of Primorye Oblast
31 Jan 1920 - 12 Dec 1920 Aleksandr Semyonovich Medvedev (s.a.) PSR
(prevented by Japanese from exercising functions 5-23 Apr 1920)
Chairmen of the Provisional Government of Priamurye Kray 26 May 1921 - 8 Aug 1922 Spiridon Dionisyevich Merkulov (b. 1870 - d. 1957) NDS
3 Jun 1922 - 11 Jun 1922 Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterikhs (b. 1874 - d. 1937) Mil
(appointed without consent and in absence,
in attempted military coup)
3 Jun 1922 - 11 Jun 1922 Viktorin Mikhaylovich Molchanov (b. 1886 - d. 1975) Mil
(acting for absent Diterikhs)
Ruler (Pravitel') of Priamurye Kray
8 Aug 1922 - 25 Oct 1922 Mikhail Konstantinovich Diterikhs (s.a.) Mil
(left Vladivostok 20 Oct 1922, to 27 Oct 1922 in Posyet)
Chairman of Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia (in opposition)
20 Oct 1922 - 22 Oct 1922 Anatoliy Vladimirovich Sazonov (b. 1861 - d. 1932) PSR
(in Japan and Shanghai exile to 1925)

Chairman of the Council of Managers ("Business Cabinet") of Provisional Government of Russia
10 Jul 1918 - 30 Sep 1918 Stepan Vasilyevich Vostrotin (b. 1864 - d. 1943) KDP
(under Khorvat, Provisional Ruler of Russia; in Grodekovo)
Chairmen of the Council of Managers of Primorye Oblast
29 May 1920 - 10 Jul 1920 Pyotr Mikhaylovich Nikiforov (b. 1882 - d. 1974) RKP
10 Jul 1920 - 12 Dec 1920 Mechislav Stanislavovich Binasik (b. 1883 - d. 1938) RSDRP-M
Chairmen of the Council of Managers of Priamurye Kray
5 Jul 1921 - Jul 1921 Vasiliy Fyodorovich Ivanov (b. 1885 - d. 1944)
(1st time)
Jul 1921 - af.Aug 1921 Vladimir Stepanovich Kolesnikov (d. af.1922)
c.Nov 1921 Vasiliy Fyodorovich Ivanov (s.a.)
(2nd time)
c.Feb 1922 Vladimir Pavlovich Razumov (d. af.1928)
bf.Jun 1922 - Aug 1922 Stepan Ilyich Yefremov
Chairmen of the Council of Land Affairs (from 19 Sep 1922, Council of Land Duma) of Priamurye Kray
9 Aug 1922 - Sep 1922 Vladimir Pavlovich Razumov (s.a.)
19 Sep 1922 - 20 Oct 1922 Ivan Kondratyevich Artemyev (d. af.1930)

Commanders-in-chief of Japanese Expeditionary Forces

3 Aug 1918 - 26 Aug 1919 Kikuzō Ōtani (b. 1855 - d. 1923) Mil
26 Aug 1919 - 6 Jan 1921 Shigemoto Ōi (b. 1863 - d. 1951) Mil
6 Jan 1921 - 25 Oct 1922 Koichirō Tachibana (b. 1861 - d. 1929) Mil

Commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in Siberia
2 Sep 1918 - 1 Apr 1920 William Sidney Graves (b. 1865 - d. 1940) Mil

� Ben Cahoon