Fermion Index (original) (raw)
Definition
The Fermion Index calculated for each species is the sum of all fermion atomic isotopes in the mineral species' empirical formula. This calculation assumes the following:
- The overall contribution for each isotope in each mineral matches the natural abundance (no isotopic fractionation) of that element.
- Each unit cell is electrically neutral.
- Lattice effects on the position of each element are ignored.
Calculation of Fermion Index
The calculation of the fermion index is fairly straightforward, each element in the periodic table is generally composed of a mixture of isotopes. Each neutral isotope is either a fermion atom or a boson atom.
- Fermion Atom - Sum of all neutrons, protons, and electrons is an odd number.
- Has an odd half integer spin (i.e. 1/2, 3/2, 5/2, etc.).
- Obeys Fermi-Dirac quantum mechanical statistics.
- Boson Atom - Sum of all neutrons, protons, and electrons is an even number.
- Has an even net spin (i.e. 1, 2, 3, etc.).
- Obeys Bose-Einstein quantum mechanical statistics.
For each element, the fermion index is the sum of all fermion atomic isotopes times the natural abundance. See Example for:
Naturally Occurring Sodium (Na) Isotopes
Isotope | Protons | Neutrons | Electrons | Fermion/Boson | % Natural Abundance | Fermion Index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
11Na23 | 11 | 12 | 11 | (11+12+11=34) Boson | 100.00 % | 0.0 |
Fermion Index for Naturally Occurring Sodium | 0.0 |
Naturally Occurring Barium (Ba) Isotopes
Isotope | Protons | Neutrons | Electrons | Fermion/Boson | % Natural Abundance | Fermion Index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56Ba130 | 56 | 74 | 56 | (56+74+56=186) Boson | 0.1060 % | 0.0 |
56Ba132 | 56 | 76 | 56 | (56+76+56=188) Boson | 0.1010 % | 0.0 |
56Ba134 | 56 | 78 | 56 | (56+78+56=190) Boson | 2.4170% | 0.0 |
56Ba135 | 56 | 79 | 56 | (56+79+56=191) Fermion | 6.5920% | 0.06592 |
56Ba137 | 56 | 81 | 56 | (56+81+56=193) Fermion | 11.2300% | 0.11230 |
56Ba138 | 56 | 82 | 56 | (56+82+56=194) Boson | 71.7000% | 0.0 |
Fermion Index for Naturally Occurring Barium | 0.17822 |
For each mineral, the fermion index for each element is summed from the mineral's empirical formula and is presented in the Calculated Propertysection on the Mineral Species page. The boson index for each mineral is simply calculated as (1 - fermion index).
Table of Fermion Index Values for each Element
Element | Symbol | Fermion Index | Boson Index | Element | Symbol | Fermion Index | Boson Index |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Actinium | Ac | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Manganese | Mn | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Silver | Ag | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Molybdenum | Mo | 0.2547 | 0.7453 |
Aluminum | Al | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Nitrogen | N | 0.9963 | 0.0037 |
Americium | Am | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Sodium | Na | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Argon | Ar | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Niobium | Nb | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Arsenic | As | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Neodymium | Nd | 0.2048 | 0.7952 |
Astatine | At | 0.5290 | 0.4710 | Neon | Ne | 0.0027 | 0.9973 |
Gold | Au | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Nickel | Ni | 0.0113 | 0.9887 |
Boron | B | 0.1990 | 0.8010 | Nobelium | No | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Barium | Ba | 0.1782 | 0.8218 | Neptunium | Np | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Beryllium | Be | 1.0000 | 0.0000 | Oxygen | O | 0.0005 | 0.9995 |
Bismuth | Bi | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Osmium | Os | 0.1770 | 0.8230 |
Berkelium | Bk | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Phosphorus | P | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Bromine | Br | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Protactinium | Pa | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Carbon | C | 0.0110 | 0.9890 | Lead | Pb | 0.2210 | 0.7790 |
Calcium | Ca | 0.0014 | 0.9987 | Palladium | Pd | 0.2233 | 0.7767 |
Cadmium | Cd | 0.2503 | 0.7497 | Promethium | Pm | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Cerium | Ce | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Polonium | Po | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Calfornium | Cf | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Praeseodymium | Pr | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Chlorine | Cl | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Platinum | Pt | 0.3380 | 0.6620 |
Curium | Cm | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Plutonium | Pu | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Cobalt | Co | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Radium | Ra | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Chromium | Cr | 0.0950 | 0.9050 | Rubidium | Rb | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Cesium | Cs | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Rhenium | Re | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Copper | Cu | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Rare Earth Elements | REE | 0.1861 | 0.8139 |
Dysprosium | Dy | 0.4380 | 0.5620 | Rhodium | Rh | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Erbium | Er | 0.2295 | 0.7705 | Radon | Rn | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Einsteinium | Es | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Ruthenium | Ru | 0.2980 | 0.7020 |
Europium | Eu | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Sulfur | S | 0.0075 | 0.9925 |
Fluorine | F | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Antimony | Sb | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Iron | Fe | 0.0212 | 0.9788 | Scandium | Sc | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Fermium | Fm | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Selenium | Se | 0.0760 | 0.9240 |
Francium | Fr | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Silicon | Si | 0.0467 | 0.9533 |
Gallium | Ga | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Samarium | Sm | 0.2880 | 0.7120 |
Gadolinium | Gd | 0.6935 | 0.3065 | Tin | Sn | 0.1662 | 0.8338 |
Germanium | Ge | 0.0780 | 0.9220 | Strontium | Sr | 0.0700 | 0.9300 |
Hydrogen | H | 0.0002 | 0.9999 | Tantalum | Ta | 0.0001 | 0.9999 |
Helium | He | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Terbium | Tb | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Hafnium | Hf | 0.3223 | 0.6777 | Technetium | Tc | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Mercury | Hg | 0.3020 | 0.6980 | Tellurium | Te | 0.0799 | 0.9201 |
Holmium | Ho | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Thorium | Th | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Iodine | I | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Titanium | Ti | 0.1293 | 0.8707 |
Indium | In | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Thallium | Tl | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Iridium | Ir | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Thulium | Tm | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Potassium | K | 0.0001 | 0.9999 | Uranium | U | 0.0072 | 0.9928 |
Krypton | Kr | 0.1185 | 0.8815 | Vanadium | V | 0.0025 | 0.9975 |
Lanthanum | La | 0.0009 | 0.9991 | Tungsten | W | 0.1428 | 0.8572 |
Lithium | Li | 0.0750 | 0.9250 | Xenon | Xe | 0.4760 | 0.5240 |
Lawrencium | Lr | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Yttrium | Y | 0.0000 | 1.0000 |
Lutetium | Lu | 0.0259 | 0.9741 | Ytterbium | Yb | 0.3050 | 0.6950 |
Mendelevium | Md | 0.0000 | 1.0000 | Zinc | Zn | 0.0410 | 0.9590 |
Magnesium | Mg | 0.1000 | 0.9000 | Zirconium | Zr | 0.1122 | 0.8878 |
Other References to Fermion Index
There are additional references to the Fermion Index. Caution: Some of these references are based on _pseudo_-scientific principles.
ORMUS(orbitally rearranged monatomic elements)
Fermion Atomsor Fermi Condensate
Boson Atomsor Bose Condensate
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Example Subject Searches
Example: "fermion index-0.0" finds all minerals that have a FI index value from 0 to 0.09
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