JPL (original) (raw)


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JPL


American agency; manufacturer of rockets, spacecraft, and rocket engines. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA.

AKA: NASA. Location: Pasadena.

In 1936, the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) founded the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, which became the nation's first center devoted to the research and development of rocket and propulsion systems. Before and during the early war years, the laboratory developed jet-assisted takeoff (JATO) units for the Army. In November 1943, Laboratory Director Dr. Theodore von Karman submitted a proposal to Army Ordnance for a long-range surface-to-surface missile. This effort eventually became known as Project ORDCIT and resulted in the development of Private "A" and Corporal missiles. In 1943, Caltech reorganized the research operation into the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). JPL worked under contract for the Army Ordnance Department to advance missile research. Caltech scientists also worked with Army personnel to participate in testing at locations such as Camp Irwin, California; Fort Bliss, Texas; and White Sands, New Mexico. Working with manufacturers on projects such as the Corporal, JPL was responsible for airframe design. JPL also built the rocket motor and other parts and telemetry equipment. The laboratory also served as the prime contractor for the Army Sergeant surface-to-surface missile programs during the 1950s. On March 31, 1958, JPL became a contracted component of the Huntsville-based Army Ordnance Missile Command. However, JPL's days working for the Department of Defense were limited, for on October 21, 1959, President Eisenhower decided to transfer Army rocket research activities to the National Air and Space Administration (NASA). From the 1960s until the present, JPL has served as a major research contractor for NASA.



People: Wang, Butterworth. Country: USA. Engines: SEPST. Spacecraft: Pioneer 3-4, Prospector, Ranger 1-2, Mariner R, Ranger 3-4-5, Mariner 1-2, Navigator, Surveyor, Ranger 6-7-8-9, Surveyor Block II, Mariner 3-4, Surveyor Lunar Rover, Surveyor Orbiter, Voyager 1973, Mariner 5, Mariner 6-7, Phoenix Mars Lander, Mariner 8-9, Mariner 10, Voyager, Seasat, SME, Magellan, Galileo orbiter, Ulysses, CRAF, DMLRV, Topex/Poseidon, Mars Observer, STRV, SURFSAT-1, IAE satellite, Mars Pathfinder, Cassini, Deep Space 1, Mars Polar Lander, WIRE, ACRIMSAT, Mars Odyssey, Genesis, Galex, MER, Athlete, Dawn. Launch Vehicles: WAC, WAC A, WAC B, Corporal E, Corporal Type 1, Corporal, Corporal Type 2, MGM-5A, MGM-5B, Sergeant, Loki Dart, Sergeant Sounding Rocket, Castor-Recruit, Castor, Castor Lance. Projects: Discovery series, Mariner, Mars Surveyor, Ranger. Stages: WAC-1, Jupiter C-2, Juno II-3, RTV-100, RTV-500, RM-3141. Bibliography: 13403.



1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 December 1 - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 Dec - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1944 December 16 - . Launch Site: Leach Spring. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 April 1 - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 April 1 - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private A.


1945 Apr - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 April 13 - . Launch Site: Fort Bliss. LV Family: Private. Launch Vehicle: Private F.


1945 October 13 - . Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: HVAR.


1945 October 13 - . Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: HVAR.


1945 October 13 - . Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: HVAR.


1945 October 13 - . Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: HVAR.


1945 October 14 - . Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: HVAR.


1945 October 14 - . Launch Site: White Sands. Launch Vehicle: HVAR.


1964 January 30 - . 15:49 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena B.


1964 July 28 - . 16:50 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena B.


1964 November 5 - . 19:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC13. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena D. FAILURE: Launch fairing failure. Failed Stage: S.


1964 November 28 - . 14:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena D.


1964 December 11 - . 14:25 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36A. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur.


1965 February 17 - . 17:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena B.


1965 March 21 - . 21:37 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Agena B.


1965 August 11 - . 14:31 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur D.


1966 April 8 - . 01:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur D. FAILURE: Centaur propellant leak.. Failed Stage: U.


1966 May 30 - . 14:41 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36A. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur D.


1966 September 20 - . 12:32 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36A. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur D.


1966 October 26 - . 11:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur D.


1967 April 17 - . 07:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur D.


1967 June 14 - . 06:01 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC12. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3 Agena D.


1967 July 14 - . 11:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36A. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas Centaur D.


1967 September 8 - . 07:57 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.


1967 November 7 - . 07:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.


1968 January 7 - . 06:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36A. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.


1969 February 25 - . 01:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.


1969 March 27 - . 22:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36A. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.


1971 May 30 - . 22:23 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3C Centaur.


1973 November 3 - . 05:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC36B. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas SLV-3D Centaur.


1975 August 20 - . 21:22 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC41. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan IIIE.


1975 September 9 - . 18:39 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC41. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan IIIE.


1977 August 20 - . 14:29 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC41. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan IIIE.


1977 September 5 - . 12:56 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC41. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan IIIE.


1978 June 27 - . 01:12 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC3W. LV Family: Atlas. Launch Vehicle: Atlas F/Agena D.


1983 January 26 - . 02:17 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg SLC2W. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 3910.


1989 May 4 - . 18:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39B. Launch Platform: MLP1. LV Family: Shuttle. Launch Vehicle: Space Shuttle.


1989 October 18 - . 16:53 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39B. Launch Platform: MLP1. LV Family: Shuttle. Launch Vehicle: Space Shuttle.


1990 October 6 - . 11:47 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39B. Launch Platform: MLP2. LV Family: Shuttle. Launch Vehicle: Space Shuttle.


1992 August 10 - . 23:08 GMT - . Launch Site: Kourou. Launch Complex: Kourou ELA2. LV Family: Ariane. Launch Vehicle: Ariane 42P.


1992 September 25 - . 17:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Commercial Titan 3.


1996 May 19 - . 10:30 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC39B. Launch Platform: MLP1. LV Family: Shuttle. Launch Vehicle: Space Shuttle.


1996 November 7 - . 17:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17A. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925.


1996 December 4 - . 06:58 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17B. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925.


1997 October 15 - . 08:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC40. LV Family: Titan. Launch Vehicle: Titan 401B/Centaur.


1998 October 24 - . 12:08 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17A. Launch Pad: SLC17A. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7326-9.5.


1998 December 11 - . 18:45 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17A. Launch Pad: SLC17A. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7425-9.5.


1999 January 3 - . 20:21 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17B. Launch Pad: SLC17B. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7425-9.5.


1999 February 7 - . 21:04 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17A. Launch Pad: SLC17A. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7426-9.5.


1999 December 21 - . 07:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Vandenberg. Launch Complex: Vandenberg 576E. LV Family: Taurus. Launch Vehicle: Taurus 2110.


2001 April 7 - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17A. Launch Pad: SLC17A. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925-9.5.


2001 August 8 - . 16:13 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17A. Launch Pad: SLC17A. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7326-9.5.


2003 June 10 - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17A. Launch Pad: SLC17A. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925-9.5.


2003 July 8 - . 04:18 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC17B. Launch Pad: SLC17B. LV Family: Thor. Launch Vehicle: Delta 7925H.


2005 August 12 - . 11:43 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC41. Launch Pad: SLC41. LV Family: Atlas V. Launch Vehicle: Atlas V 401.


2006 January 19 - . 19:00 GMT - . Launch Site: Cape Canaveral. Launch Complex: Cape Canaveral LC41. Launch Pad: SLC41. LV Family: Atlas V. Launch Vehicle: Atlas V 551.


2014 June 28 - . 21:05 GMT - . Launch Site: Barking Sands. Launch Pad: Kauai Drop Zone 1. Launch Platform: Balloon. Launch Vehicle: LDSD.



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