90 B.C. - events and references (original) (raw)

Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

ROM Q.Varius passes the Lex Varia, which sets up a commission to punish those found guilty of aiding the Italians.
* Read Appian's account
@ ValMax_8.6'4; Ascon_22;L ~Appian:BCiv_1'37;* { CAH_9'114; OCD_v.}

Bestia, Cotta, and Memmius are found guilty under the Lex Varia, and go into exile.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:DeOr_3'11, ~:Brut_304-305; Sen:Dial_12.16'7; ~Appian:BCiv_1'37.*

Other trials under the Lex Varia, including the acquittal of M.Antonius and M.Scaurus.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Sest_101,* :Scaur_fr'e, :Tusc_2'57; Ascon_22,L 73;L (↓) Quint_5.12'10; [Vict]:VirIll_72'11; { OCD_caepio.}

CIS Q.Sertorius, as quaestor in Cisalpine Gaul, collects supplies for the Romans.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Sall:Hist_1'77; Plut:Sert_4'1-5;* { DPRR.}

ETR << The Italians adopt a new constitution, and set their capital at Corfinium, which they rename Italica.
* Read Strabo's account
@ ~Diod_37.2'4-7; Strab_5'241;* (4.2) Vell_2.16'4; { OCD_c.}

ROM The Romans send both consuls to fight against the Italians, and assign legates to each of them.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Font_43; +Appian:BCiv_1'40.*

ETR Cn.Pompeius is defeated by the Italians near Mount Falernus.
* Read Appian's account
@ +Appian:BCiv_1'47;* ~Oros_5.18'10; { CAH_9'120.}

ITA The Samnites under Vettius Scato defeat L.Caesar.
* Read Livy's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_73;* +Appian:BCiv_1'41; +Oros_5.18'11.

Marius Egnatius captures Venafrum.
@ +Appian:BCiv_1'41; { CAH_9'120.}

ETR C.Perperna is stripped of his command after being defeated by P.Presentaeus.
@ +Appian:BCiv_1'41.

ITA M.Lamponius defeats the Romans under Crassus and drives them back to Grumentum.
* Read Frontinus' account
@ ~Diod_37.23'1; Frontin:Str_2.4'16;* +Appian:BCiv_1'41; { CAH_9'120.}

The Samnites under C.Papius capture Nola, along with Stabiae, Surrentum, Salernum, and other towns.
* Read Appian's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_73; +Appian:BCiv_1'42;* { CAH_9'120.}

ITA L.Caesar is forced to withdraw from Acerrae, which is being besieged by C.Papius.
@ +Appian:BCiv_1'42; { CAH_9'121.}

ETR {June 11 -R} Vettius Scato defeats and kills P.Rutilius by the river Tolenus, but a counter-attack by C.Marius stops him advancing further.
* Read Appian's account
@ Macrob:Sat_6.4'15<q"L Sisenna>;+[Liv]:Per_73; #Ovid:Fast_6'563-566; Vell_2.16'4; Flor_2.6'11-12; +Appian:BCiv_1'43;* DioCass_fr.98'1-2; +Obseq_55; Eutrop_5.3'2; +Oros_5.18'11-13; { CAH_9'121; OCD_v.}

Sulpicius defeats the Paeligni.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Brut_304;* +[Liv]:Per_73.

Q.Caepio is appointed to share the command against the Marsi with C.Marius.
* Read Livy's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_73;* +Appian:BCiv_1'44.

Caepio is defeated and killed by Poppaedius.
* Read Appian's account
@ CIL_1.708; +[Liv]:Per_73; Flor_2.6'11; +Appian:BCiv_1'44;* Eutrop_5.3'2; +Oros_5.18'14; { CAH_9'121; OCD_c.}

CHE ?? Mithridates fights against the Sarmatae and Bastarnae.
@ ~Plut:Mor_324'C; { This is dated, explicitly but probably incorrectly, to the time of the Marsic War.}

PON A Roman commission led by M'.Aquillius restores Nicomedes to the throne of Bithynia, and Ariobarzanes to the throne of Cappadocia.
* Read Appian's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_74; Memn_22'5; ~Appian:Mith_11,* 56;(↓) ~Just_38.3'4; { CAH_9'143; OCD_n.}

Mithridates orders the murder of Socrates, the brother of Nicomedes.
@ Just_38.5'8; { CAH_9'143.}

ITA L.Caesar is defeated by Marius Egnatius near Teanum.
@ +Appian:BCiv_1'45.

A Cretan makes an offer of betrayal to L.Caesar.
@ ~Diod_37.18'1.

L.Caesar defeats the Samnites; the news of this victory is received with relief at Rome.
* Read Livy's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_73;* +Oros_5.18'14-15; { OCD_c.}

The Italians besiege Pinna, which remains loyal to Rome.
@ [Cic]:RhetHer_2'45; ~Diod_37.19'3-20'1.

The Samnites capture Aesernia.
* Read Livy's account
@ Diod_37.19'1-2; +[Liv]:Per_73;* Strab_5'238;(3.10) +Appian:BCiv_1'41; +Oros_5.18'14; { CAH_9'121; OCD_vettius.}

ETR C.Marius defeats the Marsi and kills over 6,000 of them.
* Read Appian's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_73; Plut:Mar_33'3; +Appian:BCiv_1'45-46;* +Oros_5.18'15; { CAH_9'121.}

The Picentes raid Roman territory, and put their prisoners to death.
* Read Dio's account
@ ~Diod_37.16'1; DioCass_fr.98'3;* +Obseq_55.

NAR C.Caecilius defeats the Salluvii.
@ +[Liv]:Per_73.

ETR Pompeius defeats the Italians near Firmum.
* Read Appian's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_74; +Appian:BCiv_1'47;* +Oros_5.18'17; { CAH_9'122; OCD_p.}

Further indecisive fighting between C.Marius and the Marsi under Poppaedius; Marius refuses to be drawn into a full-scale battle.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ ~Diod_37.15'1-3; ~[Liv]:Per_74; Plut:Mar_33'3-6.*

A.Plotius defeats the Umbrians.
* Read Livy's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_74;* +Oros_5.18'17.

L.Porcius defeats the Etruscans.
* Read Livy's account
@ ~[Liv]:Per_74;* Flor_2.6'13; +Oros_5.18'17; { CAH_9'122.}

ROM The Lex Julia grants Roman citizenship to those Italians who have not joined in the revolt.
* Read Appian's account
@ CIL_1.709; Cic:Balb_21; [Liv]:Per_80; Strab_5'241;(4.2) Vell_2.16'4; ~Appian:BCiv_1'49;* Gell_4.4'3; { CAH_9'123; OCD_caesar.}

Metellus Pius is elected praetor in preference to more senior candidates.
@ [Vict]:VirIll_63'3; { DPRR.}

== The tribune C.Carbo speaks out against the policies of M.Drusus.
@ Cic:Orat_213-214;L { DPRR.}

== L.Caesar restores the temple of Juno Sospita, in response to a dream reported by Caecilia.
* Read Cicero's account
@ +Cic:Div_1'4,* '99, 2'136; +Obseq_55.

== Cicero finds many orators to listen to at Rome, even after the outbreak of war, and learns about law from Q.Scaevola.
* Read Cicero's account
@ ~Cic:Brut_305,* :Amic_1, :Phil_8'31; Plut:Cic_3'1.

?? Scaurus pays an enormous sum to buy an eminent grammarian called Daphnis.
@ Plin:HN_7'128.

?? A saying of Scaurus, about the philosopher Ariston.
@ Sen:Ep_29'6.

++ The character of M.Aemilius Scaurus, who by his own efforts became one of the most powerful men in Roman politics.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Scaur_fr'f; Ascon_22-23;L (↓) Plin:HN_36'116; Plut:Mor_318'C;* { ~OCD_s.}

++ The historian Cn.Aufidius and the lawyer C.Drusus overcome blindness to achieve distinction in their fields.
@ Cic:Tusc_5'112; ValMax_8.7'4; { Aufidius was quaestor in 119 B.C. and praetor in 107 B.C.; Drusus was probably the brother of M.Drusus, consul in 112 B.C.}

++ Laelia the daughter of C.Laelius is as eloquent as her father.
@ Quint_1.1'6; { According to Cicero, DeOr_3'45, Laelia was still alive in 91 B.C..}

?? The scholar L.Aelius Stilo is given the surname Praeconinus, because his father was a herald.
@ Plin:HN_33'29; { He was born about 150 B.C. - OCD.}

++ Aristodemus of Nysa is one of the teachers of Cn.Pompeius Magnus.
@ Strab_14'650.(1.48)

ROM Document: CIL_1.708, the epitaph of C.Sergius, killed in battle with Q.Caepio.

AEG ?? Document: CIL_1.705, an inscription in honour of C.Julius Caesar at Delos.

GRE ?? T.Albucius studies philosophy in exile, at Athens.