Iran (original) (raw)

Iran

c.1524 - 1576 Safavid Dynasty	1576 - 1736/73 Safavid Dynasty	1736 - 1750 Afsharid Dynasty
1750 - 1794 Zand Dynasty	1794 - 1797 Qajar Dynasty	1797 - 1848 Qajar Dynasty
1848 - 1896	1896 - 1907	1907 - 1912
1912 - 1925 State Flag	1925 - 1964 State Flag	1925 - 29 Jul 1980 Civil Flag
1964 - 30 Jan 1980 State Flag	30 Jan 1980 - 29 Jul 1980	Adopted 29 Jul 1980

Map of Iran	Hear National Anthem "Soroud-e Melli-e Jomhouri-e Eslami-e Iran" (National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran) Adopted 1990	Hear Former Anthem "Payandeh Bada Iran" (Lasting Iran) (24 Mar 1980-1990)	Constitution (3 Dec 1979) ------------------------------------- Former Constitution (9 Sep 1906-1955)
Hear Former Anthem "Salamatih Shah" (To the Health of the Shah) (1873 - 9 Jul 1909)	Hear Former Anthem "Salamati-ye Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Iran" (Salute of Sublime State of Persia) (9 Jul 1909-1933)	Hear Former Anthem "Sorood-e Shahanshahi Iran" (Imperial Salute of Iran) (1933 - 5 Feb 1979)	Hear Former Anthem "Ey Ir�n" (O' Iran) (unofficial; 1979-24 Mar 1980)
Capital: Tehran (Qajar: Sari 1786-1796; Zand: Shiraz 1751-1794; Afshar: Mashhad 1736-1796; Isfahan 1598-1736; Qazvin 1555-1598; Timurid: Herat 1405-1507; Tabriz 1265-1306,1469-1555 Soltaniyeh 1306-1335)	Currency: Iranian Rial (IRR); 1600-1932 Touman (IRT); 1825-1932 Kran (IRK)	National Holidays: 1 Apr (1979) Ruz e Jomhuri ye Eslāmi (Islamic Republic Day) -------------------------------------- 11 Feb (1979) Revolution Day	Population: 88,386,937 (2024)
GDP: 1.44trillion(2023)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:1.44 trillion (2023)	Exports: 1.44trillion(2023)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:110.8 billion (2022) Imports: $102.5 billion (2022)	Ethnic groups: Persian 34.9%, Azeri 15.9%, Kurd 13%, Luri 7.2%, Gilaki 5.1%, Mazandarani 5.1%, Afghan 2.8%, Arab 2.5%, Baloch, Turkmen, and others 13.5% (2000)
Total Active Armed Forces: 610,000 (2024) Merchant marine: 965 ships (2023)	Religions: Muslim (official)(Shia 90-95%, Sunni 5-10%) 98.5%, Christian 0.7%, Baha'i 0.3%, agnostic 0.3%, other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Hindu) 0.2% (2020)
International Organizations/Treaties: AIIB, ALBA (observer), APA, BRICS, BSEC (dialogue partner), BTWC, CICA, CP, CTBT (signatory), CWC, D-8, ECO, ENMOD (signatory), ESCR, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IORA, IPU,IRENA, ISA (observer), ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OST (signatory), PCA, SAARC (observer), SCO, UN, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA (signatory), UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)

Iran Index	Chronology c.3000 BC - 612 BC Elamite (Susiana)(Haltamti) state in modern Khuzestan, Iran. c.700 BC - 559 BC Medes (Median) kingdom (Scythian domination 653- 625 BC). 559 BC - Jul 330 BC Achaemenid Empire (Pārsa)(under Cyrus II 559 BC - 530 BC, Darius I 522 BC - 486 BC, Xerxes I 486 BC - 465 BC and Darius III 336 BC - 330 BC). 401 BC Battle of Cunaxa and the March of the Ten Thousand, Artaxerxes II defeats his brother Cyrus and a large army of Greek mercenaries. 20 Jan 330 BC Battle of the Persian Gate, Alexander "the Great" defeats Darius III of Persia. Jul 330 BC - 311 BC Part of the Macedonian (Greek) Empire (Μakedon�a). 311 BC - 247 BC Seleucid Empire (Basile�a tōn Seleukidōn)(under Seleucus I 305 BC - 281 BC and Antiochus IV Epiphanes 175 BC - 163 BC). 247 BC - 224 AD Parthian (Arsacid) Empire (under Mithridates I 171 BC - 132 BC and Vologases IV 147 AD � 191 AD). 116 AD Susa briefly captured by Roman Emperor Trajan. 28 Apr 224 - 651 Sassanian Empire (Eranshahr)(under Ardashir I 224 - 242, Bahram V 421�438 and Khosrow I 531-579). 20 Dec 642 Battle of Nahavand, Arabs defeat Sassanian Emperor Yazdegerd III near Hamadan. 642 Arab Muslim rule (in Ctesiphon from Mar 637, Fars 639,Nahavand Dec 642, Persepolis 643, Khorasan and Sakastan 651), part of the Muslim (Rashidun 634-661, Umayyad 661-750, Abbasid from 750) Caliphate. 642 - 760 Dabuyid (Gaubarid) kingdom in Tabaristan, Khorasan. 819 - Jan 1005 Samanian (Samanid) Emirate rules of most of North, Central, and Western Iran (nominally subordinate to the Abbasid Caliphs). 861 - Dec 1002 Saffarid (Safaryan) Emirate rules of most of central, eastern and southeastern [Sistan] Iran (from 900, as vassals of the Samanids). 879 - 1215 Western Iran part of Ghurid (Shansabani) Sultanate. 930 - 1043 Ziyarid Kingdom in Tabaristan and central Iran. 934 - 1062 Western Iran part of Buyid (Buwayid) Emirate at Baghdad (nominally under the Abbasid Caliph). 977 - 1055 Eastern Iran part of Ghaznavid (Gaznaviyan) Sultanate 1037 - 19 Mar 1194 Part of the Seljuk (Saljuq) Sultanate. 1148 - 31 Dec 1286 Salghurid dynasty rule Fars (tributary to Saljuqs, then Khwarazmians and finally the Mongols). 1153 - Feb 1220Western Iran part of Khwarazmian Empire (as vassals of the Seljuks to 1194). Feb 1220 - 1264 Part of the Mongol Empire. Aug/Sep 1221 Mongols destroy Hamadan (Hamedan). In 1237, Isfahan surrenders to the Mongols. 1264 - 1 Dec 1335 (Mongol) Il-Khan Empire founded by H�leg� Khan, the grandson of Gengiz Khan. 1314 - Mar 1393 Muzaffarid Emirate in central Iran. 1335 - 1357 Chupanid (Chobanid) Emirate at Tabriz. 1335 - 1357 Injuid Emirate at Shiraz. 1336 - 9 Nov 1431 Jalayerid (Jalayirid) Sultanate at Baghdad also rules part of modern Western Iran. 1337 - 1381 Sarbadars Emirate in Western Khorasan. 1378 - 1479 Turkmen Ak Koyunlu (Aq-Qoyunlu)("White Sheep") rule (as vassals of the Timurids to c.1430). 1370 - 1501 Timurid (Gurkani) Empire (under Tamerlane [Temur-i Lang] 1370-18 Feb 1405)(in eastern Iran from 1471). Jul/Aug 1501 Kingdom or Empire of Iran (Mamalik-i Mahrusa-i Iran) (literally "The [God-] Protected Realms of Iran"), Later also in official use: Empire of Iran (Kishwar-i Shahanshah-i Iran)(literally "King- of-King's Country of Iran"). 1501 Safawi (Safavid) ruler adopts Shia Islam as the official religion of the state. Sep 1507 - Jan 1508 Portuguese occupy Hormuz. 1 Apr 1515 - 3 May 1622 Portuguese occupy Hormuz. 12 Oct 1722 - 13 Nov 1729 Afghan occupation and rule. 12 Sep 1723 - 1 Feb 1732 Gilan, Mazandaran and Astarabad annexed to Russia. Aug 1725 - Jul 1730 Tabriz, Luristan, Kermanshah occupied by Ottomans. 9 May 1755 - Apr 1803 Shah Esmail Rokh of Afshar dynasty loses control of Persia, but retains control in Khorasan. 1794 - 4 Aug 1868 Bandar-e 'Abbas and a 150 KM coastal strip leased to the Sultan of Muscat and Oman (re-occupied by Persia 1853-1856). 9 Dec 1856 - 4 Apr 1857 British occupy Bushire (and Khorramshahr on 27 Mar 1857 and Ahvaz on 1 Apr 1857). 31 Aug 1907 - 8 Aug 1919 Anglo-Russian Convention (repudiated by Russia 11 Dec 1917, abrogated 3 Mar 1918) recognized Persian independence, but divided Persia into three spheres of influence (Russian over northern Iran bordering Russia, the U.K. over southeastern Iran bordering British India, and central neutral zone open to the nationalsboth countries). Nov 1914 � 8 Aug 1919 British occupation (originally only in Abadan, Bushire and few other locations in the south and east of Persia; in May 1918 also replaced Russian in north and west), U.K. troops left by Feb 1921 Nov 1914 � 3 Mar 1918 Russian occupation of the north and west of Persia (to Nov 1915 only in Persian Azerbaijan), Russian troops left by May 1918. Jul 1916 - Mar 1917 Ottoman occupation of Kermanshah and Hamedan area. 5 Jun 1920 - 23 Oct 1921 Secession of Gilan region. 21 Mar 1935 English name "Persia" officially changed to Iran. 25 Aug 1941 - 2 Mar 1946 Occupied by Britain and Soviet Union (to May 1946) (see under Iraq for British commanders). 12 Dec 1945 - 12 Dec 1946 Azerbaijan autonomous. 22 Jan 1946 - 15 Dec 1946 Kurdistan autonomous. 5 Feb 1979 Iran (monarchy formally abolished 11 Feb 1979). 1 Apr 1979 Islamic Republic of Iran (Jumhur-i Islami-i Iran).
Azerbaijan (1920, 1945-1946)
Gilan (1722-1734, 1920-1921)
Khorasan (1755-1803, 1921)
Kurdistan (Mahabad) (1945-1946)
Hormuz (1507-1622)
British Arabian Gulf Residency (1763-1822)
Allied Occupations (1915-1917, 1941-1946)
Khanates Arabistan Ardebil Khoy Linga Mak Mohammerah Qaraei Khans Sarab Tabriz Baluchistan
Imperial Exile (1979-1980)
NCRI in Exile (1981-)

_Rahbars_�

1 Jan 1980 - 3 Jun 1989 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (b. 1902 - d. 1989)

4 Jun 1989 - Ayatollah Sayyed Ali Khamenei (b. 1939)

Shahs�

(note that rules by members of different dynasties sometimes overlap)

- Safawi (Safavid) dynasty -

Jul/Aug 1501 - 23 May 1524 Esmail I (b. 1487 - d. 1524)

23 May 1524 - 14 May 1576 Tahmasp I (b. 1514 - d. 1576)

1524 - 5 Jul 1527 Div Sultan Rumlu -Regent (d. 1527)

1527 - 1530/31 Chuha Sultan Takkalu -Regent (d. 1530/31)

1530/31 - 1533 Husayn Khan Shamlu -Regent (d. 1533)
14 May 1576 - 23 May 1576 Haydar (d. 1576)

23 May 1576 - 24 Nov 1577 Esmail II (b. 1537 - d. 1577)

11 Feb 1578 - 1 Oct 1588 Mohammad Khodabanda (b. 1532 - d. 1565/96)

1 Oct 1588 - 19 Jan 1629 Abbas I (b. 1571 - d. 1629)

(in opposition Apr 1581 - May 1581)

28 Jan 1629 - 12 May 1642 Safi I (b. c.1611 - d. 1642)

12 May 1642 - 25 Sep 1666 Abbas II (b. 1632 - d. 1666)

12 May 1642 - 11 Oct 1645 Saru Taqi -Regent (d. 1645)

1645 - 1653 Khalifa Soltan -Regent (d. 1653)

1 Nov 1666 - 29 Jul 1694 Safi II (b. 1647/48 - d. 1694)

(from 20 Mar 1668, Sulayman I Safi)

6 Aug 1694 - 23 Oct 1722 Soltan Hoseyn I (b. c.1668 - d. 1726)

10 Nov 1722 - 2 Sep 1732 Tahmasp II (b. 1704 - d. 1740)

(in opposition to 8 Nov 1726, Jul 1728 - 9 Dec 1729)

8 Nov 1726 - Jul 1728 Sayyed Ahmad (d. 1728)

(in opposition, in Kerman)

2 Sep 1732 - 8 Mar 1736 Abbas III (b. 1732 - d. 1740)

2 Sep 1732 - 8 Mar 1736 Nader Khan Afshar -Regent (b. 1688 - d. 1747)

1747 - 1757 Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar (b. 1722 - d. 1757)

(in opposition, in Astarabad)

13 Jan 1750 - 20 Mar 1750 Soleyman II (in Mashhad) (b. 1714 - d. 1763)

1749 - 1756 Azad Khan Afghan (b. 1705 - d. 1781)

(in opposition, in Tabriz)

29 Jun 1750 - 1773 Esmail III (b. 1733 - d. 1773)

(in opposition from Jun 1750, in Isfahan)

1753 - Jun 1753 Soltan Hoseyn II (in opposition)

1780 - 1786 Abu al-Fath Mohammad (d. 1794)

(in opposition)

- Ghalzay dynasty -

23 Oct 1722 - 25 Apr 1725 Mahmud (b. c.1699 - d. 1725)

26 Apr 1725 - 13 Nov 1729 Ashraf (b. c.1700 - d. 1730)

- Afshar dynasty -

8 Mar 1736 - 20 Jun 1747 Nader (Nader Khan Afshar) (s.a.)

6 Jul 1747 - 29 Sep 1748 Adel (b. 1719 - d. 1749)

29 Sep 1748 - May 1749 Ebrahim (b. c.1724 - d. 1749)

(to 8 Dec 1748 regent, as Mohammad Ebrahim Khan)

May 1749 - 30 Dec 1749 Esmail Rokh (1st time) (b. 1734 - d. 1796)

(in opposition from 1 Oct 1748)

Jun 1750 - Jun 1750 Esmail Rokh (2nd time) (s.a.)

(in opposition)

9 May 1755 - 14 May 1796 Esmail Rokh (3rd time) (s.a.)
(in opposition, in Khorasan)

**Wakil al-Ra`aya (Protector of the People)**�

- Zand dynasty -

1773 - 1 Mar 1779 Mohammad Karim Khan Zand (b. c.1707 - d. 1779)

(in Shiraz)

6 Mar 1779 - 1779 Abu al-Fath Khan Zand (1st time) (b. c.1755 - d. 1787)

- jointly with -

6 Mar 1779 - 19 Jun 1779 Mohammad Ali Khan Zand (b. 1760 - d. 1779)

19 Jun 1779 - 22 Aug 1779 Abu al-Fath Khan Zand (2nd time) (s.a.)

22 Aug 1779 - 14 Mar 1781 Mohammad Sadeq Khan Zand (d. 1781)

15 Mar 1781 - 11 Feb 1785 Ali Morad Khan Zand (d. 1785)

12 Feb 1785 - 17 Feb 1785 Baqer Khan Khorasakani

18 Feb 1785 - 23 Jan 1789 Jaafar Khan Zand (d. 1789)

23 Jan 1789 - 10 May 1789 Sayyed Morad Khan Zand (d. 1789)

10 May 1789 - Mar 1794 Lotf Ali Khan Zand (b. c.1766 - d. 1794)

Shahs �

- Zand dynasty -

Mar 1794 - 30 Oct 1794 Lotf Ali Khan Zand (s.a.)

- Qajar dynasty -

12 Mar 1786 - 17 Jun 1797 Mohammad Qajar (b. 1742 - d. 1797)

(regent as Aga Mohammad Khan Qajar to 14 May 1796)

17 Jun 1797 - 24 Oct 1834 Fath Ali Qajar (b. 1772 - d. 1834)

(regent as Fath Ali Baba Khan Qajar to 29 Jul 1797)

9 Nov 1834 - 5 Sep 1848 Mohammad Qajar (b. 1808 - d. 1848)

14 Nov 1834 - 16 Dec 1834 Ali Qajar (in rebellion, in Tehran)(b. 1789 - d. 1854)

5 Dec 1834 - 29 Mar 1835 Hossein Ali Shah Qajar (b. 1789 - d. 1835)

(in rebellion, in Shiraz)

13 Sep 1848 - 1 May 1896 Naser ad-Din Qajar (b. 1831 - d. 1896)

1 May 1896 - 8 Jan 1907 Mozaffar ad-Din Qajar (b. 1853 - d. 1907)

8 Jan 1907 - 16 Jul 1909 Mohammad Ali Qajar (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1925)

16 Jul 1909 - 3 Oct 1925 Soltan Ahmad Qajar (b. 1898 - d. 1930)

(left the country 2 Dec 1923, in exile 27 Feb 1930)

18 Jul 1909 - 22 Sep 1910 Ali Reza Khan-e Qajar (b. 1847 - d. 1910)

Quyunlu, Naib as-Sultana,

Azod al-Molk -Regent

4 Mar 1911 - 21 Jul 1914 Abol Qasim Khan Qaragozlu, (b. 1856 - d. 1927)

Naser al-Molk -Regent

17 Jun 1911 - 5 Sep 1911 Mohammad Ali Qajar (2nd time) (s.a.)

(in rebellion)

24 Mar 1924 - 31 Oct 1925 Prince Mohammad Hassan Mirza (b. 1899 - d. 1943) Qajar -Regent

- Pahlavi dynasty -

31 Oct 1925 - 16 Sep 1941 Reza Pahlavi (b. 1878 - d. 1944)

(Head of the Provisional Government to 15 Dec 1925)

16 Sep 1941 - 11 Feb 1979 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (b. 1919 - d. 1980)

(from 15 Sep 1965) "Aryamehr"

(in exile 16-22 Aug 1953 [Baghdad; from 18 Aug 1953, Rome]

and from 16 Jan 1979 [Egypt; from 22 Jan 1979, Morocco])

Chairman of the Regency Council

16 Jan 1979 - 22 Jan 1979 Sayyed Jalaleddin Tehrani (b. 1893 - d. 1987) Non-party

Leader of the Revolution

5 Feb 1979 - 4 Feb 1980 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (s.a.) Non-party

Presidents

4 Feb 1980 - 22 Jun 1981 Sayyed Abolhassan Bani-Sadr (b. 1933 - d. 2021) Non-party

22 Jun 1981 - 2 Aug 1981 Provisional Presidential Council

- Ayatollah Mohammad Hossein (b. 1928 - d. 1981) IRP

Beheshti (to 28 Jun 1981)

- Ayatollah Abdolkarim Moussavi- (b. 1932 - d. 2016) IRP

Ardabili (1st time)

(from 29 Jun 1981)

- Hojatolislam Ali Akbar Hashemi (b. 1934 - d. 2017) IRP

Rafsanjani (1st time)

- Mohammad Ali Rajai (b. 1933 - d. 1981) IRP

2 Aug 1981 - 30 Aug 1981 Mohammad Ali Rajai (s.a.) IRP

30 Aug 1981 - 9 Oct 1981 Provisional Presidential Council

- Hojatolislam Mohammad Reza (b. 1931 - d. 2014) JRM

Mahdavi Kani (from 2 Sep 1981)

- Ayatollah Abdolkarim Moussavi- (s.a.) IRP

Ardabili (2nd time)

- Hojatolislam Ali Akbar Hashemi (s.a.) IRP

Rafsanjani (2nd time)

9 Oct 1981 - 16 Aug 1989 Hojatolislam Sayyed Mohammad Ali (s.a.) IRP

Khamenei (from 4 Jun 1989, Ayatollah
Sayyed Mohammad Ali Khamenei)

16 Aug 1989 - 3 Aug 1997 Hojatolislam Ali Akbar Hashemi (s.a.) Non-party

Rafsanjani

3 Aug 1997 - 3 Aug 2005 Hojatolislam Mohammad Khatami (b. 1943) Non-party

3 Aug 2005 - 3 Aug 2013 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (b. 1956) AII;2005 Ind

3 Aug 2013 - 3 Aug 2021 Hojatolislam Hassan Rouhani (b. 1948) HET

3 Aug 2021 - 19 May 2024 Sayyed Ebrahim Raisi al-Sadati (b. 1960 - d. 2024) JRM

(= Sayyed Ebrahim Raisi)

20 May 2024 - 28 Jul 2024 Mohammad Mokhber (acting) (b. 1955) Ind

28 Jul 2024 - Masoud Pezeshkian (b. 1954) Ind

Viziers (Vakil)

1501 - 1507 Mohammad Zakariya Kujuji
1502/03 - 1507 Mahmud Khan Qazvini
1507 - 1510 Mir Yar Ahmad Khuzani Isfahani, (d. 1512)

Najm-e Sani
1510 - 1514 Hossein Monshi Qomi
1514 - 15 Apr 1523 Mirza Kamal al-Din Shah Hossein (d. 1523)

Isfahani
1523 - 1524 Jalal al-Din Mohammad Tabrizi (d. 1524)
1524 - 1531 Mirza Jafar Savaji
1523 - 1534 Ahmad Beg Nur Kamal
1534 Mir Enayat Allah Khuzani
1534 - 1535 Kvajeh Moin Yazdi
1534 - 1551 Qadi Jahan Qazvini
1562 - 1566 Mir Sharif Shirazi
1553 - 1568 Masum Beg Safavi
1568 - 15.. Jamal al-Din Ali Tabrizi
15.. - 1576 Sayyed Hassan Farahani

20 Jul 1576 - 13 Jun 1577 Mirza Shokr Allah Isfahani

Grand Viziers (V azir-e azam)

13 Jun 1577 - 14 May 1583 Mirza Salman Jabiri (d. 1583)
1583 - 1585 Mirza Hedayatollah Saruni

1585 - 1587 Mirza Mohammad Kirmani (1st time) (d. 1590)

1587 - 1589 Mirza Shahvali Shirazi

1589 - 1590 Mirza Mohammad Kermani (2nd time) (s.a.)

1590 Mirza Lotfollah Shirazi

1590 - 28 May 1610 Mirza Hatem Beg Nasiri Ordubadi (d. 1610/11)
1610 - 1620 Mirza Talib Khan Nasiri Ordubadi

(Urdubadi)(1st time)
1620 - 1623 Salman Khan Ustajlu (d. 1623/24)
1623 - 1632 Khalifeh Soltan al-Ulama (1st time)(b. 1592/93 - d. 1654)
1632 - 23 Jul 1634 Mirza Taleb Khan Nasiri Ordubadi

(Urdubadi)(2nd time)
11 Aug 1634 - 11 Oct 1645 Mirza Mohammad Taqi "Saru Taqi" (d. 1645)
14 Oct 1645 - 1653 Khalifeh Soltan al-Ulama (2nd time)(s.a.)

1653 - 1661 Mohammad Beg (d. 1672)
11 Mar 1661 - 1669 Mirza Mohammad Mahdi Karaki
1669 - 1671 Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh (1st time)(d. 1689)
1671 - 1672 Vacant
1672 - 1689 Shaykh Ali Khan Zanganeh (2nd time)(s.a.)
1689 - 1690 Vacant
1690 - 1699 Mirza Mohammad Tahir Vahid-e (b. 162. - d. 1699)
Qazvini
1699 - 1707 Mohammad Momin Khan Shamlu

1707 - 1716 Shah Qoli Khan Zanganeh (b. 16.. - d. 1716)

Jul 1716 - 8 Dec 1720 Fath Ali Khan Daghestani (b. 1673/74 - d. af.1721)

Jan 1721 - 23 Oct 1722Mohammad Qoli Khan Shamlu

(for Soltan Hoseyn I)
23 Oct 1722 - 25 Apr 1725 Amanollah Khan (for Mahmud Ghalzay)
10 Nov 1722 - 11 Oct 1726 Fath Ali Khan Qajar (b. 1686 - d. 1726)
(for Tahmasp II)
1725 - 1727 Zele Khan (for Ashraf Ghalzay)
12 Oct 1726 - 13 Nov 1729 Mohammad Ali Khan Qouler Aqassi
(for Tahmasp II)
1727 - 1729 Mohammad Amin Khan
(for Mahmud Ghalzay)
1729 - 1732 Rajab Ali Khan
(for Tahmasp II)
1729 - 8 Mar 1736 Nader Khan Afshar (= Nader Shah) (s.a.)
(for Thmasp II)
1736 - 1747 Mirza Ali Akbar Shirazi
(for Nader Shah)
Viceroys (Nayeb os-Saltaneh)
1747 - 1748 Mir Sayyed Mohammad Marashi (s.a.)
(later Sulaiman II)(for Adel Shah)
31 Dec 1749 - 9 Jan 1750 Amir Alam Khan Khozaima (1st time)
(for Sulaiman II)
10 Jan 1750 - Mar 1750 Yusef Ali Khan Jalayir (d. 1750)
(for Esmail Rokh)
Mar 1750 - 2 Dec 1754 Amir Alam Khan Khozaima (2nd time) (d. 1754)
(for Esmail Rokh)

Grand Viziers (Sadr-e azam)

Jun 1750 - 1751 Zakariya Khan Kazzazi

(for Esmail III)
1751 - 1752 Mohammad Salim Khan Afshar

(for Esmail III)
1752 - 1756 Zakariya Khan Kazzazi

(for Esmail III)
1758 - 1763 Mirza Aqil Alavi

(for Karim Khan Zand)

1763 - 1779 Mirza Jafar Isfahani
(for Karim Khan Zand)
1779 - 13 Jun 1779 Mohammad Zaki Khan Zand (d. 1779)
(for Abu al-Fath Khan Zand and Mohammad Ali Khan Zand)
Jun 1779 - Aug 1779 Mohammad Sadeq Khan Zand (s.a.)
17.. - 1785 Mirza Rabi Isfahani

(for Ali Morad Khan Zand)
1785 - 17.. Mirza Mohammad Hossein Farahani (b. 1727 - d. 1797)

(for Jafar Khan Zand and Lotf Ali Khan Zand)

Nov 1794 - 14 Apr 1801 Haji Ibrahim Kalantar Shirazi (b. 1745 - d. 1801)

14 Apr 1801 - 12 Jul 1819 Mirza Mohammad Shafi Mazandarani (b. 1744 - d. 1819)

1819 - 1823 Haji Mohammad Hossein Isfahani (b. 1758 - d. 1823)

Nizam al-Daula

1823 - 1825 Abdollah Khan Amin al-Daula (b. 1779 - d. 1847)

(1st time)

1825 - 21 Mar 1828 Allah Yar Khan-e Qajar Devehlu,

Asaf ud-Daula

(Russian prisoner at Tabriz 1827-1828)

21 Mar 1828 - 23 Oct 1834 Abdollah Khan Amin al-Daula (s.a.)

(2nd time)

Jan 1835 - 26 Jun 1835 Mirza Abul Qasim Qaem Maqam II (b. 1779 - d. 1835)

1835 - 20 Oct 1848 Haji Mirza Aghasi Iravani (b. 1784 - d. 1849)

20 Oct 1848 - 13 Nov 1851 Mirza Taghi Khan Farahani (b. 1807 - d. 1852)

Nov 1851 - 30 Aug 1858 Mirza Aqa Khan Nouri (b. 1807 - d. 1865)

15 Sep 1858 - Nov/Dec 1861Mirza Jafar Khan Moshir al-Daula

Nov/Dec 1862 - 23 Mar 1865**Vacant

23 Mar 1865 - 16 Jun 1866 Mirza Mohammad Khan Sepahsalar (d. 1867)

(Davallu Qajar)

16 Jun 1866 - 14 Oct 1867 **Vacant

14 Oct 1867 - 13 Nov 1871 Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani (b. 1812 - d. 1886)

(Mostowfi al-Mamalek)

**Grand Viziers (V azir-e azam)

13 Nov 1871 - 14 Sep 1873 Mirza Hossein Khan Moshir ud-Daula (b. 1828 - d. 1881)

Sepahsalar

1873 - 1880 Mirza Hossein Khan Moshir ud-Daula (s.a.)

Sepahsalar

+ Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani (s.a.)

+ Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh (b. 1856 - d. 1927)

(from 1878)

(acting)

1880 - 7 Apr 1886 Mirza Yusuf Ashtiani (s.a.)
(acting to 24 Jun 1884)
7 Apr 1886 - 22 Nov 1896 Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin (b. 1858 - d. 1907)
al-Sultan (Atabak)(1st time)
(acting to 13 Mar 1887)

23 Nov 1896 - 6 Apr 1897 Prince Abdol Hossein Mirza (b. 1858 - d. 1939)

Farmanfarma, Nosrat al-Daula

([de facto] acting)

6 Apr 1897 - 5 Jun 1898 Mirza Ali Khan Amin al-Daula (b. 1844 - d. 1904)

5 Jun 1898 - 11 Aug 1898 Mirza Mohsen Khan Moshir al-Daula

(Mazaher)

11 Aug 1898 - 15 Sep 1903 Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin (s.a.)

al-Sultan (Atabak)(2nd time)

15 Sep 1903 - 23 Jan 1904 Va cant

24 Jan 1904 - 29 Jul 1906 Soltan Abdol Majid Mirza Ayn- (b. 1845 - d. 1926) Non-party

al-Daula

30 Jul 1906 - 17 Mar 1907 Mirza Nasrullah Khan Moshir (b. 1840 - d. 1907) Non-party
ud-Daula
Prime ministers 17 Mar 1907 - 29 Apr 1907 Soltan Ali Khan, Vazir-e Afkham (b. 1867 - d. 1918) Non-party

4 May 1907 - 31 Aug 1907 Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin, (b. 1858 - d. 1907) Non-party

al-Soltan Atabak

16 Sep 1907 - 27 Oct 1907 Mirza Ahmad Khan Moshir, (b. 1844 - d. 1918) Non-party

al-Sultana (1st time)

27 Oct 1907 - 21 Dec 1907 Abol Qasim Khan Qaragozlu, (b. 1856 - d. 1927) Non-party

Nasir al-Molk (1st time)

22 Dec 1907 - 5 May 1908 Mirza Hossein Qoli Khan (Mafi), (b. 1832 - d. 1908) NM

Nizam as-Sultana

21 May 1908 - 7 Jun 1908 Murtaza Qoli Khan, Sani ud-Daula (b. 1856 - d. 1911) Non-party

7 Jun 1908 - 29 Apr 1909 Mirza Ahmad Khan Moshir (s.a.) Non-party

al-Sultana (2nd time)

29 Apr 1909 - 2 May 1909 Prince Kamran Mirza Nayeb as- (b. 1856 - d. 1929) Non-party

Sultana

8 May 1909 - 13 Jul 1909 Javad Saad al-Daula (1st time) (b. 1856 - d. 1931) NM

(= Najaf Qoli Khan Bakhtiari)

17 Jul 1909 - 30 Sep 1909 Abol Qasim Khan Qaragozlu, (s.a.) Non-party

Nasir al-Molk (2nd time)(acting)

30 Sep 1909 - 25 Jul 1910 Mohammad Wali Khan, Khalatbari (b. 1846 - d. 1926) Eted

Tonekaboni Sepahdar Azam (1st time)

25 Jul 1910 - 12 Mar 1911 Mirza Hassan Khan, Mostowfi (b. 1871 - d. 1932) HD

al-Mamalek (1st time)

12 Mar 1911 - 26 Jul 1911 Mohammad Wali Khan, Khalatbari (s.a.) Eted

Tonekaboni Sepahdar Azam (2nd time)

26 Jul 1911 - 23 Nov 1912 Najaf Qoli Khan Bakhtiari, Samsam (b. 1846 - d. 1930) Eted

al-Sultana (1st time)

23 Nov 1912 - 18 Jan 1913 Javad Saad al-Daula (2nd time) (s.a.) NM

18 Jan 1913 - 16 Aug 1913 Mirza Mohammad Ali Khan Ala (b. 1829 - d. 1918) Non-party

al-Sultana (1st time)

17 Aug 1913 - 14 Mar 1915 Mirza Hassan Khan, Mostowfi (s.a.) HD

al-Mamalek (2nd time)

14 Mar 1915 - 1 May 1915 Mirza Hassan Khan Pirnia (1st time)(b. 1871 - d. 1935) Eted

1 May 1915 - 18 Aug 1915 Prince Abdol Majid Mirza Ayn (b. 1845 - d. 1927) Non-party

al-Daula (1st time)

18 Aug 1915 - 24 Dec 1915 Mirza Hassan Khan, Mostowfi (s.a.) HD
al-Mamalek (3rd time)

24 Dec 1915 - 29 Feb 1916 Prince Abdol Hossein Mirza (b. 1857 - d. 1939) Eted

Farmanfarma, Nosrat al-Daula

Jan 1916 - Nov 1918 Riza Quli Khan Nizam Mafi, (b.1867/68-d.1924/25)HD

Nizam al-Saltanah (in rebellion)

(provisional national government, in

Kermanshah to Mar 1916, then Qasr-e Shirin

Mar-Apr 1916, Baghdad Apr - Jul 1916

Baghdad, Jul 1916-Mar 1917 Kermanshah,

finally in Constantinople)

5 Mar 1916 - 29 Aug 1916 Mohammad Wali Khan, Khalatbari (s.a.) Eted
Tonekaboni Sepahdar Azam (3rd time)

29 Aug 1916 - 5 Jun 1917 Hassan Vossug ad-Daula (1st time) (b. 1868 - d. 1851) HD

5 Jun 1917 - 21 Nov 1917 Mirza Mohammad Ali Khan Ala (s.a.) Non-party

al-Sultana (2nd time)

21 Nov 1917 - 16 Jan 1918 Prince Abdol Majid Mirza Ayn (s.a.) Non-party

al-Daula (2nd time)

16 Jan 1918 - 1 May 1918 Mirza Hassan Khan, Mostowfi (s.a.) HD
al-Mamalek (4th time)

1 May 1918 - 8 Aug 1918 Najaf-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari, Samsam (s.a.) Eted

al-Sultana (2nd time)

20 Aug 1918 - 3 Jul 1920 Hassan Vossug ad-Daula (2nd time) (s.a.) HD;1919 Non-party

2 Jul 1920 - 27 Oct 1920 Mirza Hassan Khan Pirnia (2nd time)(s.a.) Non-party

27 Oct 1920 - 22 Feb 1921 Fathollah Khan Akbar (b. 1878 - d. 1967) Non-party

24 Feb 1921 - 4 Jun 1921 Sayyed Ziyaeddin Tabatabai (b. 1889 - d. 1969) Non-party

4 Jun 1921 - 21 Jan 1922 Ahmad Qavam as-Saltana (1st time) (b. 1873 - d. 1955) HE

21 Jan 1922 - 22 Jun 1922 Mirza Hassan Khan Pirnia (s.a.) Non-party

(3rd time)

22 Jun 1922 - 15 Feb 1923 Ahmad Qavam as-Saltana (2nd time) (s.a.) HE

15 Feb 1923 - 15 Jun 1923 Mirza Hassan Khan, Mostowfi (s.a.) HTJ

al-Mamalek (5th time)

15 Jun 1923 - 26 Oct 1923 Mirza Hassan Khan Pirnia (s.a.) Non-party

(4th time)

26 Oct 1923 - 1 Nov 1925 Mohammad Reza Khan (= Reza Pahlavi)(s.a.) Mil
1 Nov 1925 - 13 Jun 1926 Mohammad Ali Khan Forughi, (b. 1877 - d. 1942) HTj
Zoka al-Molk (1st time) (acting)
13 Jun 1926 - 2 Jun 1927 Mirza Hassan Khan, Mostowfi (s.a.) HTj
al-Mamalek (6th time)
2 Jun 1927 - 18 Sep 1933 Mehdi Qoli Khan Hedayat, Mokhber (b. 1863 - d. 1955)HTj;1930 None
al-Saltana
18 Sep 1933 - 3 Dec 1935 Mohammad Ali Khan Forughi, (s.a.) Non-party
Zoka al-Molk (2nd time)
3 Dec 1935 - 26 Oct 1939 Mahmud Jam, Modir al-Molk (b. 1885 - d. 1969) Non-party
26 Oct 1939 - 26 Jun 1940 Ahmad Matin-Daftari, Moin al-Daula (b. 1897 - d. 1971) Non-party
26 Jun 1940 - 27 Aug 1941 Ali Mansur al-Muk (1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1974) Non-party

27 Aug 1941 - 9 Mar 1942 Mohammad Ali Khan Forugh, (s.a.)Non-party

Zoka-al-Molk (3rd time)

9 Mar 1942 - 9 Aug 1942 Ali Soheili (1st time) (b. 1896 - d. 1958) Non-party

9 Aug 1942 - 15 Feb 1943 Ahmad Qavam as-Saltana (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party

15 Feb 1943 - 6 Apr 1944 Ali Soheili (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party

6 Apr 1944 - 25 Nov 1944 Mohammad Said Maraghei (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1973) Non-party

25 Nov 1944 - 13 May 1945 Morteza Qoli Bayat, Saham al-Soltan(b. 1890 - d. 1958) Non-party

13 May 1945 - 6 Jun 1945 Ebrahim Hakimi (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1959) Non-party

6 Jun 1945 - 30 Oct 1945 Mohsen Sadr, Sadr al-Ashraf (b. 1871 - d. 1962) Non-party

30 Oct 1945 - 28 Jan 1946 Ebrahim Hakimi (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party

28 Jan 1946 - 18 Dec 1947 Ahmad Qavam as-Saltana (4th time) (s.a.) None;Jun 1946 HDI

18 Dec 1947 - 29 Dec 1947 Mohammad Reza Hekmat (b. 1891 - d. 1978) HDI

29 Dec 1947 - 13 Jun 1948 Ebrahim Hakimi (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party

13 Jun 1948 - 9 Nov 1948 Abdol Hossein Hazir (b. 1895 - d. 1949) Non-party

9 Nov 1948 - 23 Mar 1950 Mohammad Said Maraghei (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party

23 Mar 1950 - 26 Jun 1950 Ali Mansur al-Muk (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party

26 Jun 1950 - 7 Mar 1951 Haji Ali Razmara (b. 1901 - d. 1951) Mil

7 Mar 1951 - 12 Mar 1951 Khalil Fahimi (acting) (b. 1876 - d. 1953) Non-party

12 Mar 1951 - 27 Apr 1951 Hossein Ala (1st time) (b. 1881 - d. 1964) Non-party

28 Apr 1951 - 17 Jul 1952 Mohammad Mossadegh (1st time) (b. 1882 - d. 1967) NF
17 Jul 1952 - 22 Jul 1952 Ahmad Qavam as-Saltana (5th time) (s.a.) HDI
22 Jul 1952 - 19 Aug 1953 Mohammad Mossadegh (2nd time) (s.a.) NF

19 Aug 1953 - 7 Apr 1955 Fazlollah Zahedi (b. 1897 - d. 1963) Mil

7 Apr 1955 - 3 Apr 1957 Hossein Ala (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party

3 Apr 1957 - 31 Aug 1960 Manouchehr Eghbal (b. 1909 - d. 1977) Mel

31 Aug 1960 - 5 May 1961 Jafar Sharif-Emami (1st time) (b. 1912 - d. 1998) Mel

5 May 1961 - 19 Jul 1962 Ali Amini (b. 1905 - d. 1992) Non-party

19 Jul 1962 - 7 Mar 1964 Asadollah Alam (b. 1919 - d. 1978) Mar

7 Mar 1964 - 26 Jan 1965 Hassan Ali Mansur (b. 1923 - d. 1965) IN

21 Jan 1965 - 7 Aug 1977 Amir Abbas Hoveyda (b. 1919 - d. 1979) IN;1975 Ras

(acting [for Mansur to 26 Jan 1965] to 27 Jan 1965)

7 Aug 1977 - 27 Aug 1978 Jamshid Amouzegar (b. 1923 - d. 2016) Ras

27 Aug 1978 - 6 Nov 1978 Jafar Sharif-Emami (2nd time) (s.a.) Ras

6 Nov 1978 - 4 Jan 1979 Gholam Reza Azhari (b. 1912 - d. 2001) Mil

4 Jan 1979 - 11 Feb 1979� Shapour Bakhtiar (b. 1914 - d. 1991) NF

5 Feb 1979 - 6 Nov 1979 Mehdi Bazargan (b. 1907 - d. 1995) NAI

6 Nov 1979 - 12 Aug 1980 Islamic Revolutionary Council

12 Aug 1980 - 4 Aug 1981 Mohammad Ali Rajai (s.a.) IRP

4 Aug 1981 - 30 Aug 1981 Hojatolislam Mohammad Javad (b. 1933 - d. 1981) IRP

Bahonar

2 Sep 1981 - 31 Oct 1981 Ayatollah Mohammad Reza (s.a.) JRM

Mahdavi-Kani (acting)

31 Oct 1981 - 14 Aug 1989 Mir Hossein Moussavi Khameneh (b. 1942) IRP;1987 Ind

14 Aug 1989 Post Abolished

Provisional Government of National Council of Resistance of Iran in Exile

21 Jul 1981 - 1993	Adopted 1993

21 Jul 1981 A democratic Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed,
in opposition to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Chairmen of the National Council of Resistance of Iran 21 Jul 1981 - 13 Mar 2003? Massoud Rajavi (b. 1948 - d. 2003) MEK
(disappeared in Iraq 13 Mar 2003)
+ Sayyed Abolhassan Bani-Sadr (s.a.) Non-party
(co-chairman to 24 Mar 1983)
President-Elect of the Parliament-in-exile, National Council of Resistance of Iran
10 Aug 1993 - Maryam Rajavi (f) (b. 1953) MEK
(imprisoned in France 17 Jun - 3 Jul 2003)

Imperial Rulers in Exile

[Iranian State flag
1964-1980]

Shahs
16 Jan 1979 - 27 Jul 1980 Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (s.a.)
(16 Jan 1979, left Iran but did not abdicate;
[Egypt; from 22 Jan 1979, Morocco; then
in Mexico, the U.S., Panama, finally Egypt]
27 Jul 1980 - 31 Oct 1980 Shahbanu Farah Diba Pahlavi (f)
-Dowager Empress-Regent (b. 1938)
([s.a.] in Egypt, then U.S. exile)

Allied Occupations

C ommanders of British forces (Sep 1918 � Feb 1921, North Persia Force)
Nov 1914 - May 1918 the British commanders in ****Iraq**
May 1918 - Sep 1918 Lionel Charles Dunsterville (b. 1865 - d. 1946)
(commander of "Dunsterforce")
Sep 1918 - May 1919 William Montgomery Thomson (b. 1877 - d. 1963)
May 1919 - Oct 1920 Hugh Frederick Bateman-Champain (b. 1869 - d. 1933)
Oct 1920 - Feb 1921 William Edmund Ironside (b. 1880 - d. 1959)
25 Aug 1941 - 2 Mar 1946 see British commanders in Iraq

C ommanders of the Russian forces (from May 1916, 1st Caucasus Corps)

Nov 1914 � Mar 1915 Fyodor Grigoryevich Chernozubov (b. 1863 - d. 1919)
(commander of Persian Azerbaijan Brigade)
Mar 1915 - Nov 1915 Foma Ivanovich Nazarbekov (b. 1855 - d. 1931)
(commander of Persian Azerbaijan Brigade)
Nov 1915 - Apr 1917 Nikolay Nikolayevich Baratov (b. 1865 - d. 1932)
(commander of Russian Expeditionary Corps in Persia to May 1916)
(1st time)
Apr 1917 - Jun 1917 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Pavlov (b. 1867 - d. 1925)
Jun 1917 - May 1918 Nikolay Nikolayevich Baratov (s.a.)
(2nd time)

Commanders of Soviet occupation forces
(subordinated to commanders of Transcaucasian Military District in Tiblisi)
25 Aug 1941 - 16 Dec 1941 Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Khadeyev (b. 1894 - d. 1957)
+ Vasiliy Vasilyevich Novikov (b. 1898 - d. 1965)
(1st time) (to 19 Oct 1941)
30 Jul 1941 - 19 Oct 1941 Konstantin Fyodorovich Baronov (b. 1890 - d. 1943)
19 Oct 1941 - 18 Dec 1941 Andrey Alexandrovich Kharitonov (b. 1895 - d. 1967)
(acting)
18 Dec 1941 - 15 Apr 1942 Vasiliy Vasilyevich Novikov (s.a.)
(2nd time)
15 Apr 1942 - May? 1945 Fyodor Nikitich Remezov (b. 1896 - d. 1990)
1945 � 6 Mar 1946 Mikhail Iosifovich Glinskiy (b. 1901 � d. 1991)
6 Mar 1946 � 1946 Ivan Khristoforovich Bagramyan (b. 1897 - d. 1982)

Central Powers Occupation

Ottoman Commanders in Persia
Mar 1915 - Oct 1915 H�seyin Rauf Orbay (b. 1881 - d. 1964)
Apr 1916 - Oct 1918 Khalil Pasha (b. 1882 - d. 1957)
1917 - 18 Oct 1918 Mustafa Nuri Pasha (b. 1889 - d. 1949)

�Often called spiritual leaders, but the term Rahbar that appears in the constitution simply means "Leader." Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (s.a.) retained the paramount leadership from 1979 to his death in 1989 as "Guide of the Revolution", with supreme religious and political power.;
Style: 5 Jan 1979 - 1 Jan 1980: Rahbar-i Inqilab ("Leader of the Revolution");
from 1 Jan 1980 1980: Rahbar ("Leader").

�full style: Shahanshah-i I ran ("Emperor of Iran", literally "King of Kings of Iran"); in occasional official 29 Jul 1797 - 3 Oct 1925:Padshah-i kull-i Mamalik-i Iran ("Great King of All the Realms of Iran"). The rulers of the Zand dynasty refused (with one exception as noted) the style Shahanshah. The founding ruler adopted the style Wakil al-Ra`aya (roughly, "Protector of the People"); it appears that his successors used the same style, although documentation is obscure.

�Bakhtiar initially did not recognize Ayatollah Khomeini's appointment of Mehdi Bazargan (s.a.) as prime minister and resigned only on 11 Feb 1979.

Religious titles: Ayatollah = Sign of God (an honorific title for high-ranking Shia clergy in Iran); Haji = Title for someone who has made the pilgrimage to Mecca;Hojatolislam = Proof of Islam (a title of respect given to an ayatollah or a middle-ranking Shiite cleric).

Titles: Amir = Lord or commander;_Andarzbad_=Counsel to the king**;** Artabid = Title for Azadan families entrusted with specific royal duties; Istandar = Leader of an istan (province/district); Khan = leader of a tribe; Marzban/Marzpan = Margrave; M ir = General, prince; Mirza = High nobleman; Sardar = Noblemen; _Sayyed_= Descendants of the Prophet of Islam; Shah = King; Shahanshah = Emperor; Shahzadeh = Prince; Shaykh = ruler of a tribe; Vuzurgan = Grand noble.

Territorial Disputes: Iran and United Arab Emirates dispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which are occupied by Iran; Iran's Islamic Revolution Guards Corp opened an airport on Greater Tunb in Feb 2022; Iran protests Afghanistan's limiting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought; Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iraq's lack of a maritime boundary with Iran prompts jurisdiction disputes beyond the mouth of the Shatt al- Arab in the Persian Gulf; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified a Caspian seabed delimitation treaty in 2018 based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea.

Party abbreviations: AII = E'telāf-e Ābādgarān-e Īrān-e Eslāmī (Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, neoconservative, islamist, populist, revivalism, est.2003); HET = Ḥezb-e E'tedāl va Towse'eh (Moderation and Development Party, moderation, Islamic democracy, pragmatism, est.1999); Ind = Independent; JRM = J�me'e-ye Rowh�niyat-e Mob�rez (Combatant Clergy Association, islamist, clerical, pragmatic conservative, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, est.1977); MEK = S�zm�n-e Moj�hedīn-e Khalq-e īr�n (People's Mujahedin Organization of Iran, leftist, militant, anti-Shah to 1979, Khomeini opposition from 1981, split from NAI, illegal, est.5 Sep 1965); NAI = Nahżat-e āzādi-e Irān (Freedom Movement of Iran, nationalist, Islamic socialist, constitutionalist, islamic democracy, banned 1965-79, est.17 May 1961); Mil= Military;
- Former parties: E ted = Ejtemā'īyūn-e e'tedālīyūn) (Moderate Socialists, moderate, conservative, constitutionalist, 1909-1918); HD= Ḥezb-e Demowkrat (Democratic Party, nationalist, radical constitutionalist, progressive, 1909-1919/21); HDI = Ḥezb-e Demowkrāt-e Irān (Democrat Party of Iran, reformist, nationalist, 29 Jun 1946-1948); HE= Ḥezb-e Eṣlāḥṭalabān (Reformers' Party, moderate socialist, banned 1926); HS = Ḥezb-e Sosy�list (Socialist Party, socialist, 1944-1946, merged into United Front of Progressive Parties); HT = Ḥezb-e Taraqqi (Party for Progress, secular, fascist, monarchist, 1927-1932); HTj = Ḥezb-e Taǰaddod (Revival Party, secular, reformist, liberal, nationalist, 1920-1960); IN = Ḥizb-i Īrān-i Nuvīn (New Iran Party "Iran Novin", secular, monarchist, conservative, government majority party, 15 Dec 1963 - 2 Mar 1975, merged into Ras); IRP = Ḥezb-e Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī (Islamic Republican Party, islamist, clerical, theocratic, populist, Khomieni personalist, 17 Feb 1979 - 1 Jun 1987); Mar = Ḥezb-e Mardom (People's Party, royalist, liberal, opposition to Mel and IN, 16 May 1957-2 Mar 1975, merged into Ras); Mel = Ḥezb-e Melliun (Nationalists' Party, royalist, conservative, government majority party, 1957-1963, replaced by IN); NF = Jebhe-ye Melli-ye Irān (National Front of Iran, nationalist, secular liberal, civic nationalist, 12 Nov 1949-15 Jun 1981); NM = Nehzat-e-Mashrooteh (Constitutional Movement, constitutionalist, est.1906); Ras = Ḥezb-e Rastāḵiz (Resurgence Party, "Rastakhiz", in full Resurrection Party of People of Iran, state party, secularist, monarchist, democratic centralist, merger of Mar and IN, only legal party, 2 Mar 1975 - 1 Nov 1978)

Gilan

[Persian Soviet Republic (Gilan)
1920-1921 (Iran)]

5 Jun 1920 - 23 Oct 1921

Map of Gilan	Capital: Rasht (Anzali Aug-Oct 1920)	Population: 340,000 (1910 est.)

1567 Annexed to Persia.
Dec 1722 Occupied by Russia.
12 Sep 1723 - Jun 1732 Gilan (and nominally and to 1729 Mazandaran and Astarabad)
annexed to Russia, part of the Caspian Provinces (see under
Azerbaijan).
1 Feb 1732 Restored to Persia by treaty.
18 May 1920 - 5 Sep 1920 Anzali and (from 4 Jun 1920) Rasht occupied by Soviet Russia
(from Jun 1920, formally as presence by "Azerbaijan S.S.R.
irregulars").
5 Jun 1920 Persian Soviet Republic (on the letterhead Hokumat-e Jomhuri-e
Shurawi-e Iran) proclaimed in opposition to central government
(retrospectively called the Gilan Soviet Republic).
20 Aug 1920 � 23 Oct 1920 Persian imperial troops re-occupy Rasht.
23 Oct 1921 Re-incorporated into Persia (completed 2 Nov 1921).

Russian Commanders of Gilan
Dec 1722 - 1726 Nikolay Mikhaylovich Shipov (d. 1727)
1726 - 1730 Vasiliy Yakovlevich Levashov (b. 1667 � d. 1751)
(1st time)
1730 - 1731 Yegor Ivanovich Famintsyn (d. 1731)
1732 - Jun 1732 Vasiliy Yakovlevich Levashov (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Chairman of Council of People's Commissars
5 Jun 1920 � 31 Jul 1920 Mirza Yunus Kuchak Khan (b. 1880 - d. 1921) NJ
Chairmen of Revolutionary Committee
31 Jul 1920 � 8 May 1921 Ihsan Allah Khan Doustdar (b. 1883 - d. 1938) NJ
(1st time)
8 May 1921 � Sep 1921 Mirza Yunus Kuchak Khan (s.a.) NJ
Sep 1921 � 23 Oct 1921 Ihsan Allah Khan Doustdar (s.a.) NJ
(2nd time)

Soviet Russian Commander (of Volga-Caspian Flotilla)
18 May 1920 � 15 Jun 1920 Fyodor Fyodorovich Raskolnikov (b. 1892 � d. 1939)

Party abbreviation: NJ = Nehzat-e Jangal (Jungle ["Foresters"] Movement, includes Kuchak Khan
reformists and Ihsan Allah Khan socialists, 1914-1921)

Khorasan (Khurasan)

[Persian State ensign
1905-1933]
2 Apr 1921 - 6 Oct 1921

1506 Part of Persia.
1724 Khorasan governor Mahmud Sistani proclaims himself Shah
of Khorasan with the dynasty name Kiyanid.
1726 Mahmud Sistanti is deposed by Shah Tahmasp II.
9 May 1755 Shah Esmail Rokh of Afshar dynasty loses control of
Persia but retains control over Khorasan province.
Apr 1803 Re-incorporated into Persia.
1846 - 1851 Rebellion under Qajar prince Hassan Khan Salar.
2 Apr 1921 Independent State of Khorasan (not recognized).
6 Oct 1921 Dissolved.

Shahs
1724 - 1726 Mahmoud Kiyani (Mahmoud Sistani) (d. 1726)
9 May 1755 - 14 May 1796 Esmail Rokh (3rd time) (b. 1734 - d. 1796)
15 May 1796 - Apr 1803 Nadir Mirza (d. 1803)
Governor-general 1845 - 1851 Hassan Khan Salar (in rebellion)
Governor (from Sep 1921, President of the National Committee) of Khorasan
2 Apr 1921 - 6 Oct 1921 Mohammad Taghi Khan Pessyan (b. 1888 - d. 1921) Mil; NCK

Grand Vizier
1724 - 1726 Mahdi Khan
Viceroys (style Nayeb-os-Saltaneh)
1749 Noor Mohammad Khan Afghan
1749 Amir Khan Qaraei
1750 Fereydoun Khan Gorji (d. 1755)
1750 Yousef Khan Jalayir
1750 - 1755 Amir Alam Khan Khozaima
1755 Amir Khan Qaraei
1755 Fereydoun Khan Gorji (d. 1755)
1755 - 1768 Prince Nasrollah Mirza Afshar (b. 1751 - d. 1786)
(1st time)
1768 Prince Nader Mirza Afshar (1st time)(d. 1803)
1768 - 1775 Prince Nasrollah Mirza Afshar (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1775 - 1782 Prince Nader Mirza Afshar (2nd time)(s.a.)
1782 - 1786 Prince Nasrollah Mirza Afshar (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1786 - 1796 Prince Nader Mirza Afshar (3rd time)(s.a.)

Party abbreviations: NCK = Komiteye Melli-ye Khorasan (National Committee of Khorasan, a coalition of two parties: Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Khorasan [Democratic Party of Khorasan] and Ḥezb-e Soosiyalist-e Khorasan [Socialist Party of Khorasan], Sep 1921-1921); Mil = Military

Azerbaijan

Map of Azerbaijan (Tabriz)	Hear National Anthem "Azərbaycan Mıllı H�k�mətın Himni"(Anthem of the National Government of Azerbaijan)	Text of National Anthem (1945-1946)	Constitution (None)
Capital: Tabriz	Currency: Azerbaijan Toman (IRZT) 1945-1946	Local Holiday: 12 Dec (1945) �21 Azar�	Population: 2.8 million (1946 est.)
GDP: $N/A	Ethnic groups: Azeri 93%, Kurd 5%, Armenian, Persian and other 2% (1946 est.)
Total Armed Forces: People's Army 17,000 (1946) (included 10,000 regulars & 7,000 irregulars) Soviet Troops: 30,000 (1945)	Religions: Shi'a Muslim 94%, Sunni Muslim 5%, Christian and other 1% (1946 est.)
International Organizations: None

24 Jun 1920 Provincial autonomy proclaimed in Tabriz, renamed
Azadistan (Land of Freedom).
14 Sep 1920 Autonomy ended by central government.
26 Aug 1941 � 9 May 1946 Soviet occupation.
21 Nov 1945 Azerbaijan National Committee established.
12 Dec 1945 Autonomous government declared (National Government of
of Azerbaijan [_Azərbaycan Milli Hokumati_]) by the Azerbaijan
National Assembly.
23 Apr 1946 Treaty of alliance with Republic of Kurdistan.
13 Jun 1946 Agreement with Iranian government on limited autonomy. Azerbaijan
National Assembly is recognized as the provincial assembly.
12 Dec 1946 Fully disbanded by Iran.

Chairman of the National Government
24 Jun 1920 - 14 Sep 1920 Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani (b. 1880 - d. 1920) HDA
Chairman of the National Committee
21 Nov 1945 - 12 Dec 1945 Hajj Mirza Ali Shabestari (b. 1898 - d. 19..) HDAz
Prime Minister (Bash Vazir)
12 Dec 1945 - 12 Jun 1946 Seyid Cafar Pishavari (b. 1892 - d. 1947) HDAz
(SayyedJa'far Pishevari)
Governor-general
13 Jun 1946 � 12 Dec 1946 Salamulla Cavid (b. 1900 � d. 1986) HDAz

Party abbreviations: HDA = Ḥezb-e Demowkrāt-e Azarbayejan (Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, Azeri autonomist, reformist, 1917-1920); HDAz = Ḥezb-e Demokrat-e Azarbayejan/Azărbayjan Demokrat Firqăsi (Democratic Party of Azerbaijan, Azeri autonomist, social-democratic, split from Tudeh Party of Iran, 3 Sep 1945-1960, exiled from 1946, merged into Tudeh Party of Iran)

Kurdistan

Map of Kurdistan (Mahabad)	Hear National Anthem "Ey Req�b" (Hey Enemy)	Text of National Anthem (1946)	Constitution (None?)
Capital: Mahabad	Currency: Iranian Rial (IRR)	National Holiday: 22 Jan 1946	Population: 100,000 (1946 est.)
GDP: $N/A	Ethnic groups: Kurd (majority), Azeri
Total Armed Forces: 10,000 (1946) (includes 3,000 regulars and 7,000 irregulars)	Religions: Sunni Muslim (majority), Shi'a Muslim
International Organizations: None

15 Dec 1945 National Government of Kurdistan (Hekomati Milli Kurdistan)
announced.
22 Jan 1946 State of Republic of Kurdistan (Dewlati Cemhori Kurdistan or
Komari Kurdistan) proclaimed at Mahabad, autonomy declared.
23 Apr 1946 Treaty of alliance with National Government of Azerbaijan.
15 Dec 1946 Disbanded by Iran.

President
22 Jan 1946 - 15 Dec 1946 Qazi Mohammad bin `Ali (b. 1901 - d. 1947) KDP

Prime minister
11 Feb 1946 - 15 Dec 1946 Haji Baba Sheikh (b. 1882 - d. 1959) KDP

Party abbreviation: KDP = Parti Demokirati Kurdistani Eran/Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Kordestān-e Īrān (Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan, Kurdish autonomist, social-democratic, split from Tudeh Party of Iran, est.16 Aug 1945)

British Residency of the Arabian (Persian) Gulf at Bushire

[Flag of the
United Kingdom]

2 Jul 1763 - 1948

Note: During this period the "Persian Gulf" was referred to as "Arabian Gulf" or simply
the "Gulf" by the British to distance themselves from the term "Persian" which was viewed as implying Persian sovereignty over the gulf.

2 Jul 1763 British Residency established at Bushire (Bushehr) in Persia
by the British East India Company.
1769 - 1775 Residency in abeyance.
8 Jan 1820 - 15 Mar 1820 Treaty with the "Trucial Coast States" and Bahrain,
abolishing slave trade and forbidding piracy.
Jul 1820 - Dec 1822 British agents for the Lower Gulf stationed at Qishm Island
in Persia.
1822 Arabian (Persian) Gulf Residency established by the U.K.
1822 - 1873 Subordinated to the governor of Bombay province, British India.
19 Jun 1838 - Feb 1842 British occupy Kharg Island.
9 Dec 1856 - Mar 1857 British occupy Bushire.
1873 - May 1946 Subordinated to British India (from 1946, to Bahrain resident).
8 Aug 1915 - 16 Oct 1915 British occupy Bushire.
2 Aug 1941 - 1945 British occupy Bushire.
Aug 1946 Headquarters moved from Bushire to Ras al-Jufair, Bahrain.
Apr 1947 With Indian independence imminent, the Gulf Residency is
transferred to the control of the British Foreign Office, while
the post at Bushire continued to be administered by the
Government of India until 31 Mar 1948.
1 Apr 1948 Bushire Residency abolished. The Foreign Office assumed full
responsibility for the Residency and Agencies in the Gulf.

Agents of the British East India Company (at Abu Shahr, Bushire)
Apr 1763 - Jul 1766 Benjamin Jarvis
Jul 1766 - 15 Nov 1767 William Bowyear (b. c.1710 - d. 1767)
Nov 1767 - Feb 1769 James Morely (b. 1742 - d. 1798)
(acting to Mar 1768)
Feb 1769 - May 1775 post in ab eyance
May 1775 - Jan 1781 John Beaumont (b. 1742 - d. 1818)
Jan 1781 - Jun 1787 Edward Galley (b. c.1750 - d. 1804)
Jun 1787 - Oct? 1792 Charles Watkins (b. c.1765 - d. 1809)
Oct 1792 - Oct 1798 Nicholas Hankey Smith (1st time) (b. 1771 - d. 1837)
Oct 1798 - Jan 1803 Mirza Mahdi Ali Khan (native agent)
Apr 1803 - Feb 1804 Jonathan Henry Lovett (b. 1779 - d. 1805)
Feb 1804 - Mar 1804 Samuel Manesty (self-appointed) (b. 1758 - d. 1812)
Mar 1804 - May 1807 William Bruce (1st time)(acting)
May 1807 - Jul 1808 Nicholas Hankey Smith (2nd time) (s.a.)
Jul 1808 - Sep 1808 Charles Pasley (acting) (b. 1781 - d. 1821)
Sep 1808 - Dec 1808 William Bruce (2nd time)(acting)
Dec 1808 - May 1809 Andrew Jukes (in charge) (b. 1774 - d. 1821)
May 1809 - Apr 1810 William Bruce (3rd time)(acting)
Apr 1810 - May 1810 Stephen Babington (acting) (b. 1790 - d. 1822)
May 1810 - Sep 1810 William Bruce (4th time)(acting)
Sep 1810 - Oct 1810 Nicholas Hankey Smith (3rd time) (s.a.)
Oct 1810 - Apr 1812 William Bruce (5th time)
Apr 1812 - Nov 1812 Robert Taylor (acting) (b. 1790 - d. 1852)
Nov 1812 - Aug 1813 William Bruce (6th time)
Aug 1813 - Apr 1814 James Orton (acting) (b. 1784 - d. 1857)
Apr 1814 - Nov 1819 William Bruce (7th time)
Nov 1819 - Jan 1820 James Dow (1st time)(acting) (d. 1836)
Jan 1820 - May 1820 William Bruce (8th time)
May 1820 - Jan 1822 James Dow (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
Jan 1822 - Mar 1822 John Tod (acting) (b. 1782 - d. 1835)
Mar 1822 - Jul 1822 William Bruce (9th time)
Jul 1822 - Sep 1822 ... + ... (broker and linguist)
(acting)
Sep 1822 - Dec 1822 William Bruce (10th time)
British Political Residents
Dec 1822 - 1 Apr 1948 the Chief Political Residents of the
Arabian (Persian) Gulf (see Bahrain)

Agents of East India Company for the Lower Gulf (at Qishm Island)
Jul 1820 - Mar 1821 Thomas Perronet Thompson (b. 1783 - d. 1869)
Mar 1821 - Jun 1821 F. Faithful (1st time)
Jun 1821 - 10 Nov 1821 Andrew Jukes (s.a.)
Nov 1821 - Dec 1822 F. Faithful (2nd time)(acting)

Hormuz

[1667 flag of
Portugal]

Sep 1507 - Jan 1508 Portuguese occupation of Hormuz (Ormuz) as Fort Nossa Senhora
da Victoria.
1 Apr 1515 Hormuz (Ormuz) Island (renamed Nossa Senhora da Concei�ao)
and nearby Persian coast Portuguese possession (capital at
Gombroon, renamed Comar�o [later Bandar Abbas]) which also
includes Muscat to 26 Jan 1650 and Bahrain Jun 1521 - 1602)
(subordinated to Goa).
1521 - 1621 Kingdom of Ormuz (Ormus) a Portuguese vassal.
3 May 1622 Retaken by Persia.

Shahs
1475 - 1505 Salghur Shah I
1505 - 1507 Turan Shah III
1507 - 1513 Seyf al Din Abu Nasr
1513 - 1521 Turan Shah IV (d. 1521)
1521 - 1534 Soltan Mohammad Shah II
1534 - 1543 Mozaffar ad-Din Salghur Shah II
1543 - 1564 Fakhr ad-Din Turan Shah V
1565 Soltan Mohammad Shah III
1565 - 1597 Farrokh Shah I
1597 Turan Shah VI
1597 - 1602 Farrokh Shah II
1602 - 1609 Firuz Shah
1609 - 1622 Mohammad Shah IV

Portuguese Captains-major
Sep 1507 - Jan 1508 Alfonso de Albuquerque (b. 1460 - d. 1515)
1515 - 1518 Pedro de Albuquerque
1518 - 1521 Garcia Coutinho
1521 - 1523 Jo�o Rodrigues de Noronha
1523 - 1527 Diogo de Melo
1527 - 1532 Crist�v�o de Mendon�a (b. c.1475 - d. 153.)
1532 Belchior de Sousa Tavares
1532 - 1536 Ant�nio da Silveira de Meneses
1536 - 1538 Pedro de Castelo Branco
1539 Fern�o de Lima
1540 - 1544 Martim Afonso de Melo Zuzarte
1544 - 1547 Lu�s Falc�o (b. c.1510 - d. 15..)
1547 Manuel da Silviera
1547 - 1550 Manuel de Lima (b. c.1510 - d. 15..)
1550 - 1553 �lvaro de Noronha
1553 - 1556 Ant�o de Noronha (1st time)
1556 - 1557 Bernaldim de Sousa
1557 - 1558 Jo�o de At�de (1st time)
1558 - 1560 Ant�o de Noronha (2nd time)
1560 Francisco Mascarenhas Palha
1560 - 1563 Jo�o de At�de (2nd time)
1564? - 1566 Pedro de Sousa
1566 - 1569 Lu�s de Melo
1569 - 1572 Francisco Mascarenhas (b. c.1520 - d. 15..)
1572 - 1574 Fern�o Teles
1574 - 1577 Diogo de Meneses
1580 - 1583 Gon�alo de Meneses
1584 - 1587 Matias de Albuquerque
1587 - 1589 Jo�o Gomes da Silva
1589 - 1593 Jo�o Pereira
1593 - 1597 Jeronimo Mascarenhas
1597 - 1599 Antonio da Lima
1600 Antonio da Silveira
1600 - 1605 Diogo Moniz Barreto
1605 - 1607 Pedro Coutinho
1607 - 1609 Henrique da Noronha
1610 - 1612 Jorge de Castelo Branco
1612 - 1613 Pedro de Brito de Lima
1613 - 1619 Lu�s da Gama
1619 - 1620 Lu�s de Sousa
1620 - 1622 Francisco de Sousa
1622 - 3 May 1622 Sim�o de Melo

Iranian Khanates

Arabistan (al-Ahwaz )

1435 With the fragmentation of the Timurid Empire, and the subsequent
extension of control over western Persia by the Horde
of the Black Sheep, the region between the Persian Gulf and the
Zagros Mountains fell into the hands of the Musha'aha'ids, a
Shi'ite millenarian movement.
1514 Re-incorporated into Persia (as autonomous province of Arabistan,
Musha'sha'id emirs continue as governors).
20 Apr 1925 Emirs deposed, autonomy abolished.
1936 Renamed Khuzestan province.

Emirs
1686 - 1700 Sayyed Farajallah
1700 - 1707 Sayyed Ali III (1st time)
1707 - 1715 Sayyed Abdallah
1715 - 1720 Sayyed Ali III (2nd time)
1720 - 1737 Sayyed Mohammad III
1737 - 1747 Sayyed Farajallah (at Dawraq)
1747 - 1762 Sayyed Muttalib (at Huwayza)
17.. - 17.. Sayyed Mawla Judallah
17.. - 17.. Sayyed Mawla Ismail
c.1779 Sayyed Mawla Muhsin
17.. - 17.. Sayyed Mawla Mohammad I
af.1797 Sayyed Mawla Muttalib I
.... - .... Sayyed Mawla Abd al-Ali I
1841 - 1872 Sayyed Mawla Farajallah
1872 - 1881 Sayyed Mawla Mohammad II
1881 - c.1888 Sayyed Mawla Muttalib II (d. 1895)
c.1888 Sayyed Mawla Nasrallah (at Huwayza)
.... - 1910 Sayyed Mawla Abd al-Ali (1st time)
1910 - 1924 Shaykh Khazal
1924 - 20 Apr 1925 Sayyed Mawla Abd al-Ali (2nd time)

Ardebil

1502 Part of Persia.
1516 - 1620 Part of Ottoman Empire.
1620 Part of Persia.
1723 - 1732 Annexed by Russia.
1747 Badiroghlu Khanate (at Ardebil)(in northwestern Iran east of
Sarab and west of the southwest corner of the Caspian Sea).
1808 Re-incorporated into Persia.

Khans
1747 - 1763 Badir Khan
1763 - 1792 Nazarali Khan (d. 1792)
- jointly with the following -
1747 - 1808 Nasir Khan

Khoy

1502 Part of Persia.
1516 - 1620 Part of Ottoman Empire.
1620 Part of Persia.
1747 Donboli Khanate (at Khoy) (northwestern Iran, north of Lake
Urmia, between Tabriz and Lake Van).
1813 Re-incorporated into Persia.
1827 - 1827 Russian occupation.
1911 - 1918 Annexed to Ottoman Empire.
1918 Re-incorporated into Persia.

Khans
1747 - 1763 Sahbaz Khan II ibn Murtuzaqulu
(ruler from 1744)
1763 - 1786 Ahmad Khan Donboli (b. 1745 - d. 1786)
1786 - 1797 Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli (d. 1814)
1797 - 1813 Hossein Qoil Khan Donboli

Linga (Lengeh)

17.. Qawasim clan from Sharjah settles at Bandar-i Linga
(Bandar-e Lengeh).
1887 Abolished by Persia.

Rulers (Hakim)
17.. - 17.. Sheikh Saleh
17.. - 1765 Sheikh Qazib al-Huwali
1765 - 1801 Sheikh Sa'id ibn Qazib al-Huwali
1801 - 1808 Sheikh Qazib ibn Sa'id ibn Qazib
al-Qasemi
1808 - 1837 Sheikh Mohammad ibn Qazib
1837 - 1854 Sheikh Sa'id ibn Qazib
1854 - Oct 1874 Sheikh Khalifa ibn Sa'id (d. 1874)
Oct 1874 - 22 Nov 1878 Sheikh Ali ibn Khalifa (d. 1878)
22 Nov 1878 - 19 Apr 1885 Sheikh Yusuf ibn Mohammad Yusuf
19 Apr 1885 - 11 Sep 1887 Sheikh Qazib ibn Rashed ibn Salem
ibn Qazib ibn Sa'id
4 Jul 1898 - 3 Mar 1899 Sheikh Mohammad ibn Khalifa

Maku

1502 Part of Persia.
1516 - 1620 Part of Ottoman Empire.
1620 Part of Persia.
1747 Kangarli Khanate (at Maku)(in extreme northwestern ran, northwest
of Khoy and 60 miles south of Yerevan, Armenia).
1829 Re-incorporated into Persia, dynasty continues.
1911 - 1918 Part of Ottoman Empire.
1918 Part of Persia.
1922 Khanate abolished.

Khans
1747 - 1778 Ahmad Soltan Kangarli
1778 - 1822 Hassan Khan Kangarli
- jointly with the following -
1778 - 1822 Hossein Khan Kangarli
1822 - 1866 Ali Khan Kangarli
1866 - 1899 Haji Ismail Khan
1899 - 1922 Teymur Pasha Khan
1922 Murtuzqulu Khan Bayat (b. 1863 - d. 1923)

Mohammerah

17.. Sheikdom of Mohammerah
1924 Autonomy abolished.

Sheikhs
17.. - 17.. 'Ali Mardan al-Muhaisin
17.. - 1819 Haji Yusuf bin Mardo (d. 1819)
1819 - 2 Nov 1881 Haji Jabir Khan bin Mardo (b. c.1800 - d. 1881)
2 Nov 1881 - 2 Jun 1897 Miza'al Khan ibn Haji Jabir Khan (b. bf.1839 - d. 1897)
2 Jun 1897 - 1924 Khaz'al Khan ibn Haji Jabir Khan (b. 1863 - d. 1936)

Qaraei

1801 - 1816 Qaraei Khanate of Torbat-e-Heydariyeh and Khaf semi-independent
under powerful tribal chief Eshaq Khan (who was Grand Vizier to
the Khorasan governor Mohammad Wali Mirza Qajar).
1813 - 1816 Eshaq Khan with support of various khans in Khorsan has Mohammad
Wali Mirza deposed from his post and takes the position of
governor of Khorasan.
1823 - 1832 Mohammad Khan's independence revolts against Persia.
1833 Qaraei Khanate's independence ended by Persia.

Khans
1801 - 1816 Sardar Eshaq Khan Qaraei-Torbati (b. 1735 - d. 1816)
1823 - 14 Jun 1833 Sardar Mohammad Khan Qaraei-Torbati(b. 1790 - d. c.1850)

Qashqaei

Khans
1904 - 1933 Ismaeel Khan Soulat-od-Dowleh (d. 1933)
Qashqaei
1933 - 19.. Nasser Khan Qashqaei

Sarab

1508 Part of Persia.
1747 Shaqaqi Khanate (at Sarab)(northwestern Iran east of Tabriz).
1797 Re-incorporated into Persia.

Khans
1747 - 1786 'Ali Khan Shaqaqi
1786 - 1797 Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi (d. 1800)

Tabriz

1747 Khanate of Tabriz
1802 Re-incorporated into Persia.

Khans
1747 - 1784 Najafqoli Khan I (ruler from 1731)
1784 - 1786 Najafqoli Khan II
1786 - 1797 Donboli
1797 - 1802 Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli

(West) Baluchistan

1839 Eastern Baluchistan within British sphere of influence;
western Baluchistan under Persia.
1849 Persian army captures Bampur the capital of Narui dynasty.
Sep 1871 Baluchistan formally split into two regions: East Baluchistan
as British Baluchistan (see Pakistan princely states)
and West Baluchistan part of Persia.

Rulers
1758 - Jun 1795 Nasir Khan Brahui (d. 1795)
Jun 1795 - .... Mahmud Khan Brahui (b. 1791 - d. ....)
c.1810 Mehrab Khan Narui
c.1839 Mohammad Ali Khan

� Ben Cahoon