Jordan (original) (raw)
Jordan
| Map of Jordan | Hear National Anthem "As-salam al-Malaki al-Urdoni" (Long Live the King of Jordan) | Text of National Anthem Adopted 25 May 1946 | Constitution (1 Jan 1952) ------------------------------- National Charter (10 Jun 1991) --------------------------------- Arab Union Constitution (29 Mar 1958-14 Jul 1958) |
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| Capital: Amman (alternate: [East] Jerusalem 27 Jul 1953 - 7 Jun 1967) | Currency: Jordanian Dinar (JOD); 1927-50 Palestine Pound (PSP); 1918-27 Egyptian Pound (EGP) | National Holiday: 25 May (1946) Eid al-Istiklaal (Independence Day) | Population: 11,174,024 (2024) |
| GDP: 106.8billion(2023)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:106.8 billion (2023) | Exports: 106.8billion(2023)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:20.3 billion (2022) Imports: $29.9 billion (2022) | Ethnic groups: Jordanian 69.3%, Syrian 13.3%, Palestinian 6.7%, Egyptian 6.7%, Iraqi 1.4%, other (includes Armenian, Circassian) 2.6% (2015) | |
| Total Active Armed Forces: 180,500 (2021) U.S. Forces: 110 (2023) Merchant marine: 34 ships (2023) | Religions: Muslim 97.2% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.2% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, others 0.1% (2010) | ||
| International Organizations/Treaties: ABEDA, AFESD, AIIB, AL, AMF, AOAD, APA, APM, Arabsat, BTWC, CAEU, CD, CICA, CTBT, CWC, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, ESCR, GAFTA, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NATO (Mediterranean dialogue partner), NPT, NTBT, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), OST (signatory), PAM, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Jordan | Chronology 1516 Part of the Ottoman Empire. 17th cent. - 1867 Direct Ottoman local rule lapses. 1893 Karak a separate district, attached to Damascus. 25 Sep 1918 - Nov? 1918 British occupy Amman. 20? Aug 1920 British create local administrative districts in Transjordania - the northern region of 'Ajloun (with administrative center in Irbid), central region of Balqa (based in Salt), and the southern region run by the "Moabite Arab Government" (based at Karak). 29 Mar 1921 Emirate of Transjordan proclaimed, first government established 11 Apr 1921. 24 Jul 1922 - 17 Jun 1946 Part of British Mandate for Palestine (effective 29 Sep 1923). 25 May 1923 Emirate of Transjordan (Imarat Sharq al-Urdunn), government separated from Palestine. 29 Sep 1923 League of Nations confirms the Transjordan Memorandum (of 16 Sep 1922) which exempts the Transjordan from some provisions of the Palestine Mandate. 2 Nov 1925 Ma'an district of Hejaz confirmed as part of Transjordan and by Hadda Agreement with Ibn Saud; (status of Aqaba is not settled but was incorporated into Transjordan by the U.K.) 20 Feb 1928 U.K. recognizes Transjordan as autonomous (ratified 31 Oct 1929). 25 May 1946 Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashimiyya)(name of the state is changed in accordance with an amendment to the Organic Law effective 25 May 1946. Confirmed in the 1947 Constitution effective 1 Mar 1947). 17 Jun 1946 U.K. formally recognizes independence (by Treaty of London signed 22 Mar 1946). 24 Apr 1950 Jordan annexes the West Bank and East Jerusalem (occupied since May 1948). 14 Feb 1958 - 2 Aug 1958 Federation with Iraq (Hashemite Arab Federation [_Al-Ittihad Al-'Arabi Al-Hashimi_]). 10 Aug 1965 Jordan and Saudi Arabia boundary realignment. 7/12 Jun 1967 West Bank and East Jerusalem occupied by Israel. 31 Jul 1988 Jordan abandons claim to West Bank, East Jerusalem. |
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Emir�
29 Mar 1921 - 25 May 1946 Abdallah (b. 1882 - d. 1951)
(from 3 Jun 1927, Sir Abdallah bin al-Hussein al-Hashimi)
Kings�
25 May 1946 - 20 Jul 1951 Abdullah I (s.a.)
20 Jul 1951 - 5 Sep 1951 Naif bin Abdullah -Regent (b. 1914 - d. 1983)
(guardian of the throne)
5 Sep 1951 - 11 Aug 1952 Talal (b. 1909 - d. 1972)
4 Jun 1952 - 2 May 1953 Regency Council
- Ibrahim Hashim (b. 1888 - d. 1958)
- Suleiman Toukan (b. 1892 - d. 1958)
- Abdul Rahman al-Rashidat (b. 1887 - d. 1961)
(from 11 Aug 1952)
- Queen Zein al-Sharaf (f) (b. 1916 - d. 1994)
(from 11 Aug 1952, chairman)
11 Aug 1952 - 7 Feb 1999 Hussein I (b. 1935 - d. 1999)
14 Jul 1998 - 19 Jan 1999 Hassan bin Talal -Regent (b. 1947)
6 Feb 1999 - 7 Feb 1999 Abdullah bin al-Hussein -Regent (b. 1962)
7 Feb 1999 - Abdullah II (s.a.)
Prime ministers
11 Apr 1921 - 15 Aug 1921 Rashid Tali'a (b. 1877 - d. 1926) HI
15 Aug 1921 - 10 Mar 1922 Muzhar al-Raslan (1st time) (b. 1886 - d. 1948) Non-party
10 Mar 1922 - 1 Feb 1923 Ali Rida al-Rikabi (1st time) (b. 1868 - d. 1942) Mil
1 Feb 1923 - 5 Sep 1923 Muzhar al-Raslan (2nd time)(acting)(s.a.) Non-party
5 Sep 1923 - 3 May 1924 Hassan Khalid Abul-Huda (1st time) (b. 1871 - d. 1936) Non-party
3 May 1924 - 26 Jun 1926 Ali Rida al-Rikabi (2nd time) (s.a.) Mil
26 Jun 1926 - 22 Feb 1931 Hassan Khalid Abul-Huda (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
22 Feb 1931 - 18 Oct 1933 Abdullah al-Sarraj (b. 1863 - d. 1949) Non-party
18 Oct 1933 - 28 Sep 1938 Ibrahim Pasha Hashim (1st time) (b. 1878 - d. 1965) Non-party
28 Sep 1938 - 15 Oct 1944 Tawfiq Pasha Abul-Huda (1st time) (b. 1894 - d. 1956) Non-party
15 Oct 1944 - 19 May 1945 Samir Pasha al-Rifai (1st time) (b. 1901 - d. 1965) Non-party
19 May 1945 - 4 Feb 1947 Ibrahim Pasha Hashim (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
4 Feb 1947 - 28 Dec 1947 Samir Pasha al-Rifai (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
28 Dec 1947 - 12 Apr 1950 Tawfiq Pasha Abul-Huda (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
12 Apr 1950 - 4 Dec 1950 Sa`id Pasha al-Mufti (1st time) (b. 1898 - d. 1989) Non-party
4 Dec 1950 - 25 Jul 1951 Samir Pasha al-Rifai (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
25 Jul 1951 - 5 May 1953 Tawfiq Pasha Abul-Huda (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
(from 4 Aug 1952, Tawfiq Abul-Huda)
5 May 1953 - 4 May 1954 Fawzi al-Mulqi (b. 1910 - d. 1962) Non-party
4 May 1954 - 30 May 1955 Tawfiq Abul-Huda (4th time) (s.a.) Non-party
30 May 1955 - 15 Dec 1955 Sa`id al-Mufti (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
15 Dec 1955 - 21 Dec 1955 Hazza` al-Majali (1st time) (b. 1916 - d. 1960) Non-party
21 Dec 1955 - 9 Jan 1956 Ibrahim Hashim (3rd time) (acting) (s.a.) Non-party
9 Jan 1956 - 22 May 1956 Samir al-Rifai (4th time) (s.a.) Non-party
22 May 1956 - 1 Jul 1956 Sa`id al-Mufti (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
1 Jul 1956 - 29 Oct 1956 Ibrahim Hashim (4th time) (s.a.) Non-party
29 Oct 1956 - 13 Apr 1957 Suleiman an-Nabulsi (b. 1908 - d. 1976) NSP + NF
13 Apr 1957 - 15 Apr 1957 Abdul Halim an-Nimr (b. 1916 - d. 1964) NSP + NF
15 Apr 1957 - 24 Apr 1957 Hussein Fakhri al-Khalidi (b. 1895 - d. 1962) Non-party
24 Apr 1957 - 18 May 1958 Ibrahim Hashim (5th time) (s.a.) Non-party
18 May 1958 - 6 May 1959 Samir al-Rifai (5th time) (s.a.) Non-party
(head of the Jordan provincial cabinet to 14 Jul 1958)
6 May 1959 - 29 Aug 1960 Hazza` al-Majali (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
29 Aug 1960 - 28 Jan 1962 Bahjat al-Talhouni (1st time) (b. 1913 - d. 1994) Non-party
28 Jan 1962 - 27 Mar 1963 Wasfi al-Tall (1st time) (b. 1920 - d. 1971) Non-party
27 Mar 1963 - 21 Apr 1963 Samir al-Rifai (6th time) (s.a.) Non-party
21 Apr 1963 - 6 Jul 1964 Sharif Hussein ibn Nasir (b. 1902 - d. 1982) Non-party
(1st time)
6 Jul 1964 - 14 Feb 1965 Bahjat al-Talhouni (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
14 Feb 1965 - 4 Mar 1967 Wasfi al-Tall (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
4 Mar 1967 - 23 Apr 1967 Sharif Hussein ibn Nasir (s.a.) Non-party
(2nd time)
23 Apr 1967 - 7 Oct 1967 Saad Jumaa ibn Muhammad (b. 1915 - d. 1979) Non-party
7 Oct 1967 - 24 Mar 1969 Bahjat al-Talhouni (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
24 Mar 1969 - 13 Aug 1969 Abdul Munim al-Rifai (1st time) (b. 1915 - d. 1985) Non-party
13 Aug 1969 - 27 Jun 1970 Bahjat al-Talhouni (4th time) (s.a.) Non-party
27 Jun 1970 - 16 Sep 1970 Abdul Munim al-Rifai (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
16 Sep 1970 - 26 Sep 1970 Muhammad Daoud (b. 1913 - d. 1972) Non-party
26 Sep 1970 - 28 Oct 1970 Ahmad Toukan (b. 1903 - d. 1981) Non-party
28 Oct 1970 - 28 Nov 1971 Wasfi al-Tall (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
29 Nov 1971 - 26 May 1973 Ahmad al-Lawzi (b. 1925 - d. 2014) Non-party
26 May 1973 - 13 Jul 1976 Zaid al-Rifai (1st time) (b. 1936 - d. 2024) Non-party
13 Jul 1976 - 19 Dec 1979 Mudar Badran (1st time) (b. 1934 - d. 2023) Non-party
19 Dec 1979 - 3 Jul 1980 Sharif Abdul Hamid Sharaf (b. 1939 - d. 1980) Non-party
3 Jul 1980 - 28 Aug 1980 Qassim al-Rimawi (b. 1918 - d. 1982) Non-party
28 Aug 1980 - 10 Jan 1984 Mudar Badran (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
10 Jan 1984 - 4 Apr 1985 Ahmad Abdel Obeidat (b. 1938) Non-party
4 Apr 1985 - 27 Apr 1989 Zaid al-Rifai (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
27 Apr 1989 - 4 Dec 1989 Sharif Zaid ibn Shaker (1st time) (b. 1934 - d. 2002) Non-party
4 Dec 1989 - 19 Jun 1991 Mudar Badran (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
19 Jun 1991 - 21 Nov 1991 Taher al-Masri (b. 1942) Non-party
21 Nov 1991 - 29 May 1993 Sharif Zaid ibn Shaker (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
29 May 1993 - 7 Jan 1995 Abdul Salam al-Majali (1st time) (b. 1925 - d. 2023) Non-party
7 Jan 1995 - 4 Feb 1996 Sharif Zaid ibn Shaker (3rd time) (s.a.) Non-party
4 Feb 1996 - 19 Mar 1997 Abdul Karim al-Kabariti (b. 1949) Non-party
19 Mar 1997 - 20 Aug 1998 Abdul Salam al-Majali (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
20 Aug 1998 - 4 Mar 1999 Fayez Tarawneh (1st time) (b. 1949 - d. 2021) Non-party
4 Mar 1999 - 19 Jun 2000 Abdul Rauf al-Rawabdeh (b. 1939) Non-party
19 Jun 2000 - 25 Oct 2003 Ali Abu al-Ragheb (b. 1946) Non-party
25 Oct 2003 - 7 Apr 2005 Faisal al-Fayez (b. 1952) Non-party
7 Apr 2005 - 27 Nov 2005 Adnan Badran (b. 1935) Non-party
27 Nov 2005 - 25 Nov 2007 Marouf al-Bakhit (1st time) (b. 1947 - d. 2023) Non-party
25 Nov 2007 - 14 Dec 2009 Nader Dahabi (b. 1946) Non-party
14 Dec 2009 - 9 Feb 2011 Samir al-Rifai (b. 1966) Non-party
9 Feb 2011 - 24 Oct 2011 Marouf al-Bakhit (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
24 Oct 2011 - 2 May 2012 Awn Shawkat al-Khasawneh (b. 1950) Non-party
2 May 2012 - 11 Oct 2012 Fayez Tarawneh (2nd time) (s.a.) Non-party
11 Oct 2012 - 1 Jun 2016 Abdullah Ensour (b. 1939) Non-party
1 Jun 2016 - 14 Jun 2018 Hani Mulki (b. 1951) Non-party
14 Jun 2018 - 12 Oct 2020 Omar al-Razzaz (b. 1960) Non-party
12 Oct 2020 - 18 Sep 2024 Bisher al-Khasawneh (b. 1969) Non-party
18 Sep 2024 - Jafar Hassan (b. 1968) Non-party
Chief British Representatives
27 Mar 1921 - Oct 1921 Albert Abramson (b. 1876 - d. 1944)
Oct 1921 - Dec 1921 Thomas Edward Lawrence (acting) (b. 1888 � d. 1935)
Dec 1921 - Apr 1924 Harry Saint John Bridger Philby (b. 1885 - d. 1960)
Apr 1924 - 20 Feb 1928 Charles Henry Fortnom Cox (b. 1880 - d. 1953)
British Residents
20 Feb 1928 - Mar 1939 Charles Henry Fortnom Cox (s.a.)
(from 11 May 1937, Sir Charles Henry Fortnom Cox)
Mar 1939 - 17 Jun 1946 Alec Seath Kirkbride (b. 1897 - d. 1978)
�The full style of the ruler:
(a) 25 May 1923 - 25 May 1946: Amir Sharq al-Urdunn ("Emir of Transjordan")(titular from 29 Mar 1921);
(b) from 25 May 1946: Malik al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashimiyya ("King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan").
Territorial Disputes: Jordan and Syria signed an agreement in 2005 to settle the border dispute based on a 1931 demarcation accord, the two countries began demarcation in 2006; Jordan and Iraq signed a border agreement in 1984; Jordan has ratified the treaty, but it has not been confirmed that Iraq has ratified it; as of 2010, the agreement had not been registered with the UN; Jordan and Saudi Arabia signed an agreement to demarcate their maritime borders in 2007.
Party abbreviations (political parties were banned 25 Apr 1957-1 Sep 1992): HASHD = Hizb al-Sha'ab al-Dimuqrati al-Urduni (Jordanian Democratic People's Party, socialist, est.1989); JA I = Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islami(Islamic Action Front, political wing of Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan, Sunni Islamist, est.1992); JAP = Jordanian Arab Party (Arab nationalist, est.2011); Mil = Military;
- Former parties: HI = Hizb al-Istiqlal (Independence Party, Arab independence movement, 1919-c.1924); NF = National Front (leftist coalition of NSP, Ba'ath Party and Jordanian Communist Party, 1956-1957); NSP = National Socialist Party, Arab nationalist, anti-Zionist, 1954-1957)
� Ben Cahoon