Other Arabian Polities (original) (raw)

Former Arabian Polities

al-Hasa: see under Saudi Arabia

Manfuha (Manfuhah)

1682 Sheikhdom of Manfuha (Manufuah)
1834 Diriyah (Wahhabi)rule (see Nejd).

Sheikhs
1682 � 1726 Dawwas bin `Abd Allah bin Sha`lan (d. 1726)
1726 � 1727 Muhammad I (d. 1727)
1727 � 17.. `Abd Allah I bin Faris
bf.1746 � 17.. `Ali bin Mazru`
c.1755 - ... Muhammad II bin `Abd Allah bin Faris
c.1809 � 18.. `Abd Allah II bin Mazru`
18.. � 1825 Ibrahim bin Mazru`
1825 � 1834 Mishari bin `Abd ar-Rahman bin
Mishari bin Sa`ud

Abu `Arish

13th cent. Sheikhdom of Abu `Arish.
1627 - 1730 Under the Imams of Yemen.
1730 Sheikdom (restored).
1803 - 1819 Under Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule(see Nejd).
1830 - 1840 Egyptian occupation.
1863 Annexed to `Asir.
1924 - bf.1926 Imam of Yemen invades Abu `Arish and Samtah.

Sheiks
1730 - 1863 ....

Ar-Bir

16.. Sheikhdom of ar-Bir in the Sudayr region.
1850 State suppressed.

Sheikhs
16..- ... Muhammad bin al-`Aqir
... - ... `Abd Allah bin al-`Aqir
... - ... Hamad bin Muhammad
.. - 1850 ....

Raudha

bf.1697 Sheikhdom of Raudha
.... State suppressed.

Sheikhs
bf.1697 � 17.. Madhi bin Ghazir
17.. - 1745 Muhammad (d. 1745)
1745 � 1757 Fauzan bin Ghazir bin Madhi
1757 � 17.. `Umayr bin Ghazir
17.. � 1782 `Aun bin Mani' al-Madhi
1782 � 17.. `Aqil bin Man'i al-Madhi

Khardj (Kharj)

c.1688 Emirate of Khardj (Kharj).
1804 � 1818 Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
1818 � 1823 Egyptian occupation (see Burayda).
1847 United with Nejd.

Emirs
c.1688 - ... Zamil bin `Uthman Mishari
c.1740 - 1776 Zayid (1st time) (d. 1783)
1776 Sulayman bin `Ufaysan (1st time)
1776 - 1783 Zayid (2nd time) (s.a.)
1783 - 1784 Barrak (d. 1784)
1784 - 1785 Turki
1785 - 1793 Sulayman bin`Ufaysan (2nd time)
1793 - 1804 Ibrahim bin `Ufaysan
1804 � 1818 Wahhabi rule
1818 � 1823 Egyptian rule
1823 - 1825 Zaqm bin Zamil
1825 - 1828/30 `Umar bin Muhammad bin `Ufaysan (d. 1839)
1830 � 184. Fahd bin `Abd Allah bin `Ufaysan

Hejaz: see under Saudi Arabia

Al-Qasim (Qassim) Region

`Unayzah (`Anayza)

1768 Emirate of Unayzah (`Unaizah/`Anayza/Anizah).
1819 � 1822 Egyptian occupation.
1822 Al-Sulaim family comes to power.
1839 � 1840 Egyptian occupation.
1849 Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
Mar 1904 Annexed to Nejd.

Emirs
1768 `Abd Allah bin Hamad bin Zamil (d. 1768)
1768 - 1788 Yahya bin `Ali
1788 - .... `Abd Allah II bin Yahya
.... - 1819 `Abd Allah III bin Rashid (d. 1819)
al-`Alaiyan
c.1819 - 1822 `Abd Allah IV al-Djama'i (d. 1822)
18.. � 18.. Sulayman bin Rashid al-`Alaiyan
18.. � 1836 Yahya II (d. 1836)
1841 - 1845 `Abd Allah V
1845 � 1848 Ibrahim
1848 � 1849 Nasir as-Suhaym (d. 1858)
Governors-general
1849 - 1854 Djalwi bin Turki
1854 - 1867 `Abd Allah VI bin Yahya
1867 � 1891 Zamil as-Sulaym (b. 1831 � d. 1891)
1891 - 1895 `Abd Allah VII bin Yahya bin Salih
1895 - 1900 Salih al-Amir
1900 - 1904 Hamad bin `Abd Allah

Buraydah (Buraidah)

1768 Emirate of Buraydah (Buraidah)
1776 - 1819 Diriyah (Wahhabi) rule (see Nejd).
1819 � 1822/23 Egyptian occupation.
1863 Under suzerainty of Nejd.
1891 - 1904 Annexed by Jebel Shammar (see Ha'il).
1908 Incorporated into Nejd.

Emirs
1768 - 1769 Rashid al-Duraybi (1st time)
1769 � 1770 al-`Alaiyan
1770 � 1775 Rashid al-Duraybi (2nd time)
1775 - 1776 `Abd Allah bin Hasan al-`Alaiyan (d. 1776)
**Governor-general** (in al-Qasim)
1776 � 1819 Hudjaylan bin Hamad al-`Alaiyan (b. c.1738 � d. 1819)
Governors
181. � 18.. Ismail Pasha
18.. � 182. Halid Pasha
Emirs
1823 - 1826/28 Muhammad al-`Ali ash-Shayr
1826/28 - 1850 `Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad bin Hasan (d. 1861)
(1st time)
1850 - 1851 `Abd al-Muhsin al-Muhammad bin Turki
1851 � 1859 `Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad bin Hasan (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1859 `Abd Allah bin `Abd al-`Aziz bin (d. 1859)
`Adwan al-`Ulaiyan
1859 Muhammad bin Ghanim (d. 1859)
1859 � 1861 `Abd al-`Aziz al-Muhammad bin Hasan (s.a.)
(3rd time)
1861 - 1863 `Abd ar-Rahman bin Ibrahim Manfuhah
1863 Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Sudayri
1863 Sulayman ar-Rashid al-`Ulaiyan
1867 � 1891 Zamil as-Sulaym (b. 1831 � d. 1891)
**Governors-general** (in al-Qasim)
1827 - 1839 Ahmad bin Nasir as-Sani (d. 1861)
1863 - 1875 Muhanna' as-Salih Aba al-Khail (d. 1875)
1876 � 1891 Hasan al-Muhanna (b. 1836 � d. 1902)
1891 - 1902 Salim al-Subhan
1902 - 1906 Salih al-Muhanna (b. 1876 � d. 19..)
1906 - 1908 Muhammad bin `Abd Allah abal Khayl (b. 1871 � d. 19..)
1908 - 1913 `Abd Allah bin Djalwi bin Turki (b. 1890 � d. 1935)

Sudayr (Sudair) Region

`Auda

17.. Sheikhdom of `Auda
17.. Annexed by Diriyah (Wahhabis)(see Nejd).

Sheikhs
17.. - 1757 `Abd Allah bin Sultan (d. 1757)
1757 - 1767 `Uthman bin Sa`dun (d. 1767)
1767 � 17.. Mansur bin Abd Allah bin Hamad

Djaladjil

Sheikhs
bf.1762 - 17.. Suwayhid I
Governors-general
1779 - 18.... `Abd Allah bin Djaladjil, Sudayri
18.. - 1831 Suwayhid II bin `Ali bin Djaladjil

Harma

.... Sheikhdom of Harma
1779 Destroyed by Diriyah (Wahhabis)(see Nejd).

Sheikhs
.... - 1777 `Uthman bin `Abd Allah
1777 - 1779 Nasir bin Ibrahim

Madjm`a

bf.1758 Sheikhdom of Madjam`a
1882 - 1908 Part of Jebel Shammar (see Ha'il).
1908 Annexed by Nejd.

Sheikhs
bf.1758 - 1778 Hamad bin `Uthman
1779 - 180? `Abd Allah bin Djaladjil
18.. � 1823 Mazyad
1823 � 18.. Muhammad bin Saqr
18.. � 1827 bin `Abdan
1827 - 1839 Ahmad bin Nasir as-Sani (d. 1861)
1839 � 1841 Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Sudayri
(1st time)
1841 `Abd Allah bin Husayn (1st time)
1841 � 184. `Abd al-`Aziz bin Mishari bin `Aiyaf
bf.1796 - 1832 Faysal bin Wathban ad-Duwish (d. 1832)
184. - 1853 Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Sudayri
(2nd time)
1853 � 18.. `Abd Allah bin Husayn (2nd time)
Governors
188. � 18.. Sulayman bin Sami
18.. - 1896 Ibrahim al-`Askar
1896 - 1908 `Abd Allah al-Askar

Al-Washm Region

Shaqr

Sheikhs
bf.1803 � 18.. `Abd Allah bin Hamad bin Ghayhab
bf.1818 - af.1834 Hamad bin Yahya bin Ghayhab

Tarmada

Sheikh
bf.1853 - .... Ibrahim bin Sulayman

Mutayr

1872 Emirate of Mutayr (Mutair).
1908 Annexed to Nejd.
1927 - 1930 Ikhwan leaders, including Emir Faysal al-Duwaish, launch a
rebellion against Ibn Saud.

Sheikhs
bf.1796 - 1832 Faisal bin Wathban al-Duwaish (d. 1832)
1832 - 184. Muhammad al-Makni
bf.1847 - 1856/57 Humaydi (d. 1856/57)
.... - .... `Ammash al-Duwaish
Emirs
1872 - c.1907 ....
c.1907 � 1908 Faisal II al-Duwaish (b. c.1882 - d. 1931)

`Asir

c.983 � 1003 Sheikhdom of `Asir (Aseer)
1524 - 1538 Occupied by Mameluke Sultanate of Egypt.
1539 Part of Ottoman Empire (under governors of Yemen).
1728/29 Sheikhdom in Djazan and Abu `Arish.
1802 - 1815 Diriyah (Wahhabi) vassals rule in `Asir as-Sarat.
1813 - 1840Coastal `Asir under Egyptian occupation.
1823/24 Sheikhdom of Upper (North) `Asir, under the Mughaydi
(or `Ayad [Jewish]) dynasty.
1830 Sheikhdom of Lower (South) `Asir, under the Idrisi dynasty
independent under (nominal) suzerainty of the
`Ayad's to 1909.
1872 Annexed by Ottoman Empire as a mutassarrifiyya dependent on
the vilayet of Yemen, with the capital at Abha,
1910 `Asir is detached from Yemeni administration and reconstituted as
a separate administrative unit, without the status of a _vilayet_,
but directly under the Ottoman government.
3 Aug 1917 Emirate of `Asir declares independence.
30 Aug 1920Upper `Asirannexed by Nejd.
20 Nov 1930 Lower `Asir (and Jizan) incorporated into Hejaz by Ibn Saud.
14 Jun 1934 Kingdom of Yemen formally cedes `Asir, Jizan, Najran to the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by the Treaty of Ta'if in 1934
(signed 19 May 1934).

Sheikhs
1728/29 - 1762/63 Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Khayrat
1762/63 - 1809 Muhammad (d. 1809)
1809 - 1818/40 Sharif Hamud bin Muhammad Abu Mismar
1801 - 1809 `Abd al-Wahhab Muhammad bin Abu (d. 1809)
Nuqta ar-Rufayda (in `Asir as-Sarat)
1809 � 1815 Tami bin Shu`ayb (in `Asir as-Sarat) (d. 1815)
1815 - 1840 ....
1840 - 1848 al-Husayn bin `Ali bin Haydar (d. 1851)
(in rebellion in Abu Arish)
1848 � 1855 Haydar (in rebellion in Abu Arish)
1855 - 185. ....
185. � 1863 al-Hasan bin Muhammad
(in rebellion, in Abu Arish)

Upper `Asir

1916 - 30 Aug 1920

1823/24 Sheikhdom of Upper (North) `Asir, under the Mughaydi
(or `Ayad [Jewish]) dynasty.
1872 Part of Ottoman Empire, annexed to Yemen province.
Aug 1916 Independence of Emirate of Upper `Asir (Al Imarat al-`Asir al-Ulya)
declared in revolt against `Asir.
1918 Ottomans withdraw from Abha.
Apr - May 1920 Nejd intervened in support of the Ikhwan and defeated bin `Ayad.
30 Aug 1920 Upper `Asir partitioned between the Nejd and the Idrisi `Asir.
1923 `Ayad territory formally annexed by Nejd.

Sheikhs
1823/24 � 18.. Sa`id bin Muslat al-Mughaydi
18.. - 1833/34 `Ali bin Mudjattil al-Mughaydi
1833/34 - 1856/57 `Al'ud bin Mar`i bin Musa al-Mughaydi (d. 1856/57)
1856/57 � 1872 Muhammad (d. 1872)
1872 - 1916 Post abolished
Emir
1916 - 30 Aug 1920 al-Hasan bin `Ayad (in Abha)

Lower `Asir

1829/30 Sheikhdom of `Asir, under Idris dynasty.
1871 - 1914 Part of Ottoman Empire.
1902 Muhammad bin Ali, great-grandson of Ahmed bin Idriss Al-Magrabi,
is appointed chief of the people.
30 Apr 1915 Anglo-Idrisi Treaty was signed, recognizing the independence of
the Idrisi ruler by the U.K.
24 Dec 1908 Sultanate of `Asir when the Idrisi established its territory.
Jan 1910 By the Treaty of al-Hafa'ir, the Al-Idrisi local rulers gained the
position of kaymakam of Asir which de facto made it a semi-
independent region under Ottoman suzerainty.
Aug 1916 - 30 Aug 1920 `Ayad rebellion in Upper `Asir against al-Idrisi rule results in
Nejd annexation of `Ayad territory.
3 Aug 1917 Emirate of `Asir (_Al-Imarat al-`Asir_) declares independence.
1917 al-Qunfudhah (Kunfuda) exchanged with Hejaz for Farasan Islands
(_Juzur Farasan_).
1920 Saudi-Idrisi Treaty of 1920 delimiting Saudi territory in
Asir and describing which tribes were of Saudi or of Idrisi
dependence.
1921 - 1925 al-Hudaydah (Hodeidah/Hodeida)ceded by U.K. to `Asir.
Apr 1925 al-Hudaydah ceded to Yemen (recognized by Saudi Arabia 1934).
21 Oct 1926 - 20 Nov 1930 Protectorate of Nejd (not recognized by Kingdom of Yemen).
20 Nov 1930 Incorporated into Hejaz by Nejd (recognized by Kingdom of Yemen
in 1934 Treaty of Taif)(signed 19 May 1934).

Imams and Sheikhs
1829/30 - 1837/38 Sayyid Ahmad al-Idrisi al-Hasani (b. 1760 � d. 1837/38)
1837/38 - 1889 Sayyid Muhammad (I) bin Ahmad al-Idrisi (d. 1889)
al-Hasani
1889 - 1908 Sayyid Ali (I) bin Muhammad bin Ahmad (d. 1904)
al-Idrisi al-Hasani 1908 - 24 Dec 1908 Sayyid Muhammad (II) bin Ali al-Idrisi (b. 1876 - d. 1923)
al-Hasani
Imam and Sultan
24 Dec 1908 - 3 Aug 1917 Sayyid Muhammad (II) bin Ali al-Idrisi (s.a.)
al-Hasani
Imams and Emirs 3 Aug 1917 - 20 Mar 1923 Sayyid Muhammad (II) bin Ali al-Idrisi (s.a.)
al-Hasani
20 Mar 1923 - Feb 1926 Sayyid Ali (II) bin Muhammad al-Idrisi (b. 1905 - d. ....)
al-Hasani
Feb 1926 - 20 Nov 1930 Sayyid al-Hasan bin Ali al-Idrisi
al-Hasani

Nejd see under Saudi Arabia

Najran

1633 Isma'ili Muslim ecclesiastic principality of Najran (Nadjran) under
the suzerainty of Imams of Yemen; consequently under Ottoman
Empire.
1730 Rebellion against the Imams of Yemen.
1818 - 1872 Yemeni Imams rule northern Yemen under Ottoman sovereignty.
1872 Annexed by Ottoman Empire as a mutassarrifiyya dependent on
the vilayet of Yemen, with the capital at Abha,
30 Oct 1918 End of Ottoman suzerainty, remains a vassal of Yemen.
1924 Forces of Yemen launched several unsuccessful raids to
annex Najran to the Kingdom of Yemen.
21 Oct 1926 Nejd protectorate of Najran by Treaty of Makkah (not recognized
by Kingdom of Yemen until 1934).
Winter 1931 - Spring 1932 Kingdom of Yemen occupies Najran.
May 1933 Forces of the Kingdom of Yemen attack Najran.
14 Nov 1933 Saudi invasion begins.
21 Apr 1934 Saudi forces occupy Najran.
14 Jun 1934 Kingdom of Yemen formally cedes Najran, `Asir, and Jizan
to Saudi Arabia by the Treaty of Ta'if (signed 19 May 1934).

Rulers (Da'ias)
1677 - 1717 Muhammad bin Isma'il
(from 1706, in Najran)
1717 - 1747 Hibbat-Allah
1747 - 1760 Isma'il I
1760 � 1774 Hasan I `Ali
1774 - 1780 `Abd al-`Ali bin Hasan
1780 - 1810 `Abd Allah I bin `Ali
1810 - 1819 Yusuf
1819 - 1826 Husayn bin Hasan bin `Ali
1826 - 1841 Isma'il II bin Muhammad
1841 - 1846 Hasan II
1846 - 1872 Hasan III bin Isma'il
1872 - 1889 Ahmad
1889 - 1905 `Abd Allah II bin `Ali bin Husayn
bin `Ali
1905 - 1912 `Ali I bin Hibbat Allah
1912 - 1934 `Ali II bin Muhsin bin Husayn (d. 1936)
1936 Husayn Ahmad bin Hasan (pretender)

`Ayayna

1446 Sheikhdom of `Ayayna
1768 Conquered by Diriyah (see Nejd).
1819 Destroyed by Egypt.

Sheikhs
1685 � 1725 `Abd Allah III bin Muhammad
1725 - 1740 Muhammad II bin Hamad Harfash
1740 � 1750 `Uthman bin Hamad (d. 1750)
1750 - 1759 Mishari bin Ibrahim bin Mu`ammar
1759 - 1760 Sultan bin Muhsin al-Mu`ammari
1760 - 1768 Nasir II bin`Uthman (d. 1768)

Durma

16.. Sheikhdom of Durma
1757? Conquered by Diriyah (see Nejd).

Sheikhs
16.. � 1684 Muhammad I
1684 � 17.. ...
17.. - 1751 Ibrahim (d. 1751)
1751 - 1752/53 `Abd Allah bin `Abd ar-Rahman
al-Muraydi
1753 - 1757? Muhammad II

Ghatghat (Ghatgat)

.... Sultanate of Ghatghat, established by Sultan bin Bijad as the
hijra al-ghutat, the most important and well-prepared hijra of
the Ikhwan movement.
bf.1920 - 1929 Vassal of Nejd.
1927 - 1930 Ikhwan leaders, including Sultan bin Bijad, launch a rebellion
in the name of morality and religion against the authority of
Ibn Saud.
1929 Incorporated into Nejd.

Sultan
bf.1920 - 1929 bin Bikhad (Bijad) (b. 1876 - d. 1931)

Jebel Shammar (Ha'il) : see under Saudi Arabia

Rub' al-Khali (Empty Quarter)

Bani al-Murrah

1901 - 1917

.... Emirate of al-Murrah (Al-Imarat al-Murrah)(ranging between the
port of al-'Uqayr in the north to Jabrin [Yabrin] oasis and
the Rub' al-Khali ["Empty Quarter"] desert in the south), in
opposition to Ottoman and later Al Saud rule.
1768 Battle of Qena and Qena, al-Murrah defeat the Diriyah army.
1776 Battle of Mukhayriq Al-Safa, al-Murrah defeat Abdul Aziz's army.
1917 Incorporated into Nejd.

Emirs
.... - 1917 ....

� Ben Cahoon