Neuropolitics: Twenty years later | Politics and the Life Sciences | Cambridge Core (original) (raw)

References

Converse, P., “The nature of belief systems in mass publics,” in Ideology and Discontent, Apter, D., ed. (New York: Free Press, 1964), pp. 206–261.Google Scholar

Jost, J. T., Nam, H. H., Amodio, D. M., and Van Bavel, J. J., “Political neuroscience: The beginning of a beautiful friendship,” Political Psychology , 2014, 35: 3–42.Google Scholar

Fowler, J. H. and Schreiber, D., “Biology, politics, and the emerging science of human nature,” Science , 2008, 322(5903): 912–914.Google Scholar

Schreiber, D., “Political cognition as social cognition: Are we all political sophisticates?,” in The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior, Crigler, A., MacKuen, M., Marcus, G. E., and Neuman, W. R., eds. (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2007), pp. 48–70.Google Scholar

Aristotle, The Politics and the Constitution of Athens, rev. student ed.(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

de Waal, F. B. M., Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex among Apes, rev. ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Holekamp, K. E., Sakai, S. T., and Lundrigan, B. L., “The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) as a model system for study of the evolution of intelligence,” Journal of Mammalogy , 2007, 88(3): 545–554.Google Scholar

Connor, R. C., Watson-Capps, J. J., Sherwin, W. B., and Krützen, M., “A new level of complexity in the male alliance networks of Indian Ocean bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.),” Biology Letters , 2011, 7(4): 623–626.Google Scholar

Schreiber, D., “Thinking about politics.” Unpublished seminar paper Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 1998.Google Scholar

Aristotle, On the Soul (De Anima)(Grinnell, IA: Peripatetic Press, 1981).Google Scholar

Descartes, R., Meditations on First Philosophy: In Which the Existence of God and the Distinction of the Soul from the Body Are Demonstrated (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1979).Google Scholar

Locke, J., An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: In Four Books (London: Eliz. Holt for Thomas Bassett, 1690).Google Scholar

Pinker, S., The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature (New York: Viking, 2002).Google Scholar

Zimmer, C., Soul Made Flesh: The Discovery of the Brain and How It Changed the World (London: Heinemann, 2004).Google Scholar

Freud, S., Zur auffassung der aphasien: Eine kritische studie: [On the concept of aphasia: A critical study] (Leipzig: F. Deuticke, 1891).Google Scholar

Skinner, B. F., The Behavior of Organisms: An Experimental Analysis (London: D. Appleton-Century, 1938).Google Scholar

Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., and Stokes, D. E., The American Voter (New York: Wiley, 1960).Google Scholar

Downs, A., An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York: HarperCollins, 1957).Google Scholar

Jackson, J. P. and Weidman, N. M., Race, Racism, and Science: Social Impact and Interaction (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Wahlke, J. C. and Lodge, M. G., “Psychophysiological measures of political attitudes and behavior,” Midwest Journal of Political Science , 1972, 16(4): 505–537.Google Scholar

Eaves, L. J. and Eysenck, H. J., “Genetics and the development of social attitudes,” Nature , 1974, 249: 288–289.Google Scholar

Sperry, R. W., Zaidel, E., and Zaidel, D., “Self recognition and social awareness in the disconnected minor hemisphere,” Neuropsychologia , 1979, 17: 153–166.Google Scholar

Churchland, P. S. and Sejnowski, T. J., “Perspectives on cognitive neuroscience,” Science , 1988, 242(4879): 741–745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bandettini, P. A., “Functional MRI: A confluence of fortunate circumstances,” NeuroImage , 2012, 61(2): A3–A11.Google Scholar

Broca, P. M., “The discovery of cerebral localization,” La Revue Du Practien , 1999, 49(16): 1725–1727.Google Scholar

Raichle, M. W., “Visualizing the mind,” Scientific American , 1994, 270: 58–64.Google Scholar

Donders, F. C., “On the speed of mental processes,” in Attention and Performance, Koster, W. G., ed. (Amsterdam: North Holland, 1969), pp. 412–431.Google Scholar

Zaller, J. R., The Nature and Origin of Mass Opinion (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Huckfeldt, R., Levine, J., Morgan, W., and Sprague, J., “Accessibility and political utility of partisan and ideological orientations,” American Journal of Political Science , 1999, 43(3): 888–911.Google Scholar

Schreiber, D., “Looking into their minds: Latency in survey response as determined by political sophistication, issue publics, and cognitive conflict.” Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association (Chicago, 2000).Google Scholar

Palmeri, T. J., “Theories of automaticity and the power law of practice,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition , 1999, 25(2): 543–551.Google Scholar

Cabeza, R. and Nyberg, L., “Imaging cognition II: An empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 2000, 12(1): 1–47.Google Scholar

Cabeza, R. and Nyberg, L., “Imaging cognition: An empirical review of PET studies with normal subjects,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 1997, 9(1): 1–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Phelps, E. A., O’Connor, K. J., and Cunningham, W. et al. , “Perfomance on indirect measures of race evaluation predicts amygdala activation,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 2000, 12(5): 729–738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Golby, A. J., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Chiao, J. Y., and Eberhardt, J. L., “Differntial responses in the fusiform region to same-race and other-race faces,” Nature , 2001, 4: 845–850.Google Scholar

Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., and Cohen, J. D., “An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment,” Science , 2001, 293(5537): 2105–2108.Google Scholar

Ochsner, K. N. and Lieberman, M. D., “The emergence of social cognitive neuroscience,” American Psychologist , 2001, 56(9): 717–734.Google Scholar

Brooks, D., “The young and the neuro,” New York Times , 2009, October 12: A31.Google Scholar

Elshtain, J. B., “Consilience or creation? Roundtable review of E. O. Wilson’s Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge ,” Politics and the Life Sciences , 1999, 18(2): 341–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Singer, T., “The past, present and future of social neuroscience: A European perspective,” NeuroImage , 2012, 61(2): 437–449.Google Scholar

Raichle, M. E., “Social neuroscience: A role for brain imaging,” Political Psychology , 2003, 24(4): 759–764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cacioppo, J. T. and Visser, P. S., “Political psychology and social neuroscience: Strange bedfellows or comrades in arms?,” Political Psychology , 2003, 24(4): 647–656.Google Scholar

Phelps, E. A. and Thomas, L., “Race, behavior, and the brain: The role of neuroimaging in understanding complex social behaviors,” Political Psychology , 2003, 24(4): 747–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lieberman, M., Schreiber, D., and Ochsner, K., “Is political cognition like learning to ride a bicycle? How cognitive neuroscience can inform research on political thinking,” Political Psychology , 2003, 24(4): 681–704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schreiber, D., Evaluating Politics: A Search for the Neural Substrates of Political Thought. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles, 2005.Google Scholar

Westen, D., Blagov, P., Harenski, K., Kilts, C., and Hamann, S., “Neural bases of motivated reasoning: An fMRI study of emotional constraints on partisan political judgment in the 2004 U.S. presidential election,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience , 2006, 18(11): 1947–1958.Google Scholar

Westen, D., The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation (New York: PublicAffairs, 2007).Google Scholar

Knutson, K. M., Wood, J. N., Spampinato, M. V., and Grafman, J., “Politics on the brain: An FMRI investigation,” Social Neuroscience , 2006, 1(1): 25–40.Google Scholar

Spezio, M. L., Rangel, A., and Alvarez, R. M. et al. , “A neural basis for the effect of candidate appearance on election outcomes,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience , 2008, 3(4): 344–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kaplan, J. T., Freedman, J., and Iacoboni, M., “Us versus them: Political attitudes and party affiliation influence neural response to faces of presidential candidates,” Neuropsychologia , 2007, 45(1): 55–64.Google Scholar

Iacoboni, M., Freedman, J., and Kaplan, J. et al. , “This is your brain on politics,” New York Times , 2007, November 11.Google Scholar

Aron, A. R., Badre, D., and Brett, M. et al. , “Politics and the brain,” New York Times , 2007, November 14.Google Scholar

Axelrod, R., “Schema theory: An information processing model of perception and cognition,” American Political Science Review , 1973, 67(4): 1248–1266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Amodio, D. M., Jost, J. T., Master, S. L., and Yee, C. M., “Neurocognitive correlates of liberalism and conservatism,” Nature Neuroscience , 2007, 10(10): 1246–1247.Google Scholar

Schreiber, D., Fonzo, G., and Simmons, A. N. et al. , “Red brain, blue brain: Evaluative processes differ in Democrats and Republicans,” PLOS ONE , 2013, 8: e52970. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052970.Google Scholar

Oxley, D. R., Smith, K. B., and Alford, J. R. et al. , “Political attitudes vary with physiological traits,” Science , 2008, 321(5896): 1667–1670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ahn, W. Y., Kishida, K. T., and Gu, X. et al. , “Nonpolitical images evoke neural predictors of political ideology,” Current Biology , 2014, 24(22): 2693–2699.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kanai, R., Feilden, T., Firth, C., and Rees, G., “Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults,” Current Biology , 2011, 21(8): 677–680.Google Scholar

Lieberman, M. D., Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect (New York: Crown, 2013).Google Scholar

Spezio, M. and Adolphs, R., “Politics and the evolving neuroscience literature,” in The Affect Effect: Dynamics of Emotion in Political Thinking and Behavior, Crigler, A., MacKuen, M., Marcus, G. E., and Neuman, W. R., eds. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007), pp. 71–95.Google Scholar

Jones, O. D., Marois, R., Farah, M. J., and Greely, H. T., “Law and neuroscience,” Journal of Neuroscience , 2013, 33(45): 17624–17630.Google Scholar

Aharoni, E., Vincent, G. M., and Harenski, C. L. et al. , “Neuroprediction of future rearrest,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 2013, 110(15): 6223–6228.Google Scholar

Krueger, F., Grafman, J., and McCabe, K., “Neural correlates of economic game playing,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B , 2008, 363(1511): 3859–3874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dawes, C. T., Loewen, P. J., and Schreiber, D. et al. , “Neural basis of egalitarian behavior,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 2012, 109(17): 6479–6483.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ansolabehere, S. and Iyengar, S., Going Negative: How Attack Ads Shrink and Polarize the Electorate (New York: Free Press, 1995).Google Scholar

Delli Carpini, M. X. and Keeter, S., What Americans Know about Politics and Why It Matters (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996).Google Scholar

Amodio, D. M., “The neuroscience of prejudice and stereotyping,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience , 2014, 15: 670–682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schreiber, D. and Iacoboni, M., “Huxtables on the brain: An fMRI study of race and norm violation,” Political Psychology , 2012, 33(3): 307–418.Google Scholar

Krastev, S., McGuire, J. T., and McNeney, D. et al. , “Do political and economic choices rely on common neural substrates? A systematic review of the emerging neuropolitics literature,” Frontiers in Psychology , 2016, 7: 264, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00264.Google Scholar

Tingley, D., “Neurological imaging as evidence in political science: A review, critique, and guiding assessment,” Social Science Information , 2006, 45(1): 5–33.Google Scholar

Mendez, M. F., “A neurology of the conservative-liberal dimension of political ideology,” Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 2017, 29(2): 86–94.Google Scholar

Tusche, A., Kahnt, T., Wisniewski, D., and Haynes, J.-D., “Automatic processing of political preferences in the human brain,” NeuroImage , 2013, 72: 174–182.Google Scholar

Jenke, L. and Huettel, S. A., “Issues or identity? Cognitive foundations of voter choice,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 2016, 20(11): 794–804.Google Scholar

Alford, J. R., Funk, C. L., and Hibbing, J. R., “Are political orientations genetically transmitted?” American Political Science Review , 2005, 99(2): 153–167.Google Scholar

Hibbing, J. R., Smith, K. B., and Alford, J. R., Predisposed: Liberals, Conservatives, and the Biology of Political Differences (New York: Routledge, 2013).Google Scholar

Haase, V. G. and Starling-Alves, I., “In search of the moral-psychological and neuroevolutionary basis of political partisanship,” Dementia & Neuropsychologia , 2017, 11(1): 15–23.Google Scholar

Peterson, S. A. and Somit, A., eds., Handbook of Biology and Politics (Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2017).Google Scholar

Rosenberg, A., “Why social science is biological science,” Journal for General Philosophy of Science , 2017, 48(3): 341–369.Google Scholar

Decety, J. and Cacioppo, S., “The speed of morality: A high-density electrical neuroimaging study,” Journal of Neurophysiology , 2012, 108: 3068–3072.Google Scholar

Yoder, K. J. and Decety, J., “Spatiotemporal neural dynamics of moral judgment: A high-density ERP study,” Neuropsychologia , 2014, 60: 39–45.Google Scholar

Cui, X., Bray, S., Bryant, D. M., Glover, G. H., and Reiss, A. L., “A quantitative comparison of NIRS and fMRI across multiple cognitive tasks,” NeuroImage , 2011, 54(4): 2808–2821.Google Scholar

Gervain, J., Mehler, J., Werker, J. F., and Nelson, C. A. et al. , “Near-infrared spectroscopy: A report from the McDonnell infant methodology consortium,” Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience , 2011, 1(1): 22–46.Google Scholar

Liu, N., Cui, X., Bryant, D. M., Glover, G. H., and Reiss, A. L., “Inferring deep-brain activity from cortical activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy,” Biomedical Optics Express , 2015, 6(3): 1074–1089.Google Scholar

Radhakrishnan, H., Vanduffel, W., Deng, H. P., and Ekstrom, L., “Fast optical signal not detected in awake behaving monkeys,” NeuroImage , 2009, 45(2): 410–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Steinbrink, J., Kempf, F. C. D., Villringer, A., and Obrig, H., “The fast optical signal — Robust or elusive when non-invasively measured in the human adult?” NeuroImage , 2005, 26(4): 996–1008.Google Scholar

Macmillan, M., “Restoring Phineas Gage: A 150th retrospective,” Journal of the History of the Neurosciences , 2000, 9(1): 46–66.Google Scholar

Lodge, M., McGraw, K., and Stroh, P., “An impression-driven model of candidate evaluation,” American Political Science Review , 1989, 83(2): 399–419.Google Scholar

Coronel, J. C., Duff, M. C., and Warren, D. E. et al. , “Remembering and voting: Theory and evidence from amnesic patients,” American Journal of Political Science , 2012, 56(4): 837–848.Google Scholar

Coronel, J., Memory and Voting: Neuropsychological and Electrophysiological Investigations of Voters Remembering Political Events. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Political Science, University of Illinois, Champagne-Urbana, 2012.Google Scholar

Raymont, V., Salazar, A. M., Krueger, F., and Grafman, J., “‘Studying injured minds’: The Vietnam head injury study and 40 years of brain injury research,” Frontiers in Neurology , 2011, 2: 15, doi:10.3389/fneur.2011.00015.Google Scholar

Arciniegas, D. B. and Anderson, C. A., “Toward a neuroscience of politics,” Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences , 2017, 29(2): 84–85.Google Scholar

King-Casas, B., Sharp, C., Lomax-Bream, L., Lohrenz, T., Fonagy, P., and Montague, P. R., “The rupture and repair of cooperation in borderline personality disorder,” Science , 2008, 321(5890): 806–810.Google Scholar

Ruocco, A. C., Medaglia, J. D., Tinker, J. R., and Ayaz, H. et al. , “Medial prefrontal cortex hyperactivation during social exclusion in borderline personality disorder,” Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging , 2010, 181(3): 233–236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dunbar, E., “The relationship of DSM personality disorder criteria and Gough’s prejudice scale: Exploring the clinical manifestations of the prejudiced personality,” Cultural Diversity and Mental Health , 1997, 3(4): 247–258.Google Scholar

Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., and Walters, E. E., “Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication,” Archives of General Psychiatry , 2005, 62(6): 593–602.Google Scholar

Young, L., Camprodon, J. A., Hauser, M., Pascual-Leone, A., and Saxe, R., “Disruption of the right temporoparietal junction with transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces the role of beliefs in moral judgments,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 2010, 107(15): 6753–6758.Google Scholar

Nitsche, M. A., Cohen, L. G., and Wassermann, E. M. et al. , “Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008,” Brain Stimulation , 2008, 1(3): 206–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Knoch, D., Nitsche, M. A., Fischbacher, U., Eisenegger, C., Pascual-Leone, A., and Fehr, E., “Studying the neurobiology of social interaction with transcranial direct current stimulation: The example of punishing unfairness,” Cerebral Cortex , 2008, 18(9): 1987–1990.Google Scholar

Horvath, J. C., Forte, J. D., and Carter, O., “Quantitative review finds no evidence of cognitive effects in healthy populations from single-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS),” Brain Stimulation , 2015, 8(3): 535–550.Google Scholar

Grossman, N., Bono, D., and Dedic, N. et al. , “Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via temporally interfering electric fields,” Cell , 2017, 169(6): 1029–1041.Google Scholar

Hess, R. D. and Torney-Purta, J. V., The Development of Political Attitudes in Children (Chicago: Aldine, 1967).Google Scholar

Jennings, M. K. and Niemi, R. G., “The transmission of political values from parent to child,” American Political Science Review , 1968, 62(1): 169–184.Google Scholar

Sapiro, V., “Not your parents’ political socialization: Introduction for a new generation,” Annual Review of Political Science , 2004, 7: 1–23.Google Scholar

Baron-Cohen, S., Tager-Flusberg, H., and Lombardo, M., Understanding Other Minds: Perspectives from Developmental Social Neuroscience (New York Oxford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Hatemi, P. K., Funk, C., and Medland, S. et al. , “Genetic and environmental transmission of political attitudes over a life time,” Journal of Politics , 2009, 71(3): 1141–1156.Google Scholar

Happé, F. and Frith, U., “Annual research review: Towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition,” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 2013, 55(6): 553–577.Google Scholar

Santos, A., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., and Deruelle, C., “Absence of racial, but not gender, stereotyping in Williams syndrome children,” Current Biology , 2010, 20(7): R307–308.Google Scholar

Kurzban, R., Tooby, J., and Cosmides, L., “Can race be erased? Coalitional computation and social categorization,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 2001, 98(26): 15387–15392.Google Scholar

Balconi, M. and Vanutelli, M. E., “Competition in the brain: The contribution of EEG and fNIRS modulation and personality effects in social ranking,” Frontiers in Psychology , 2016, 7: 1587, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01587.Google Scholar

van der Zwaag, W., Da Costa, S. E., Zürcher, N. R., Adams, R. B., and Hadjikhani, N., “A 7 Tesla fMRI study of amygdala responses to fearful faces,” Brain Topography , 2017, 25(2): 125–128.Google Scholar

Vu, A. T., Jamison, K., and Glasser, M. F. et al. , “Tradeoffs in pushing the spatial resolution of fMRI for the 7T Human Connectome Project,” NeuroImage , 2017, 154: 23–32.Google Scholar

Beisteiner, R., Robinson, S., Wurnig, M., and Hilbert, M., “Clinical fMRI: Evidence for a 7T benefit over 3T,” NeuroImage , 2011, 57(3): 1015–1021.Google Scholar

Yoo, P. E., John, S. E., Farquharson, S., Cleary, J. O., and Wong, Y. T., “7T-fMRI: Faster temporal resolution yields optimal BOLD sensitivity for functional network imaging specifically at high spatial resolution,” NeuroImage , published online March 8, 2017, doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.002.Google Scholar

Vul, E., Harris, C., Winkielman, P., and Pashler, H., “Puzzlingly high correlations in fMRI studies of emotion, personality, and social cognition,” Perspectives on Psychological Science , 2009, 4(3): 274–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pereira, F., Mitchell, T., and Botvinick, M., “Machine learning classifiers and fMRI: A tutorial overview,” NeuroImage , 2009, 45(1 Suppl): S199–S209.Google Scholar

Norman, K. A., Polyn, S. M., Detre, G. J., and Haxby, J. V., “Beyond mind-reading: Multi-voxel pattern analysis of fMRI data,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 2006, 10(9): 424–430.Google Scholar

Henson, R., “Forward inference using functional neuroimaging: Dissociations versus associations,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 2006, 10(2): 64–69.Google Scholar

Poldrack, R. A., “Can cognitive processes be inferred from neuroimaging data?” Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 2006, 10(2): 59–63.Google Scholar

Theodoridis, A. and Nelson, A., “Of BOLD claims and excessive fears: A call for caution and patience regarding political neuroscience,” Political Psychology , 2012, 33(1): 27–43.Google Scholar

Haxby, J. V., Gobbini, M. I., Furey, M. L., Ishai, A., Schouten, J. L., and Pietrini, P., “Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex,” Science , 2001, 293(5539): 2425–2430.Google Scholar

Kay, K. N., Naselaris, T., Prenger, R. J., and Gallant, J. L., “Identifying natural images from human brain activity,” Nature , 2008, 452: 352–355.Google Scholar

Huth, A. G., Lee, T., Nishimoto, S., Bilenko, N. Y., Vu, A. T., and Gallant, J. L., “Decoding the semantic content of natural movies from human brain activity,” Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience , 2016, 10: 81, doi:10.3389/fnsys.2016.00081.Google Scholar

Berkman, E. T. and Falk, E. B., “Beyond brain mapping: Using neural measures to predict real-world outcomes,” Current Directions in Psychological Science , 2013, 22(1): 45–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Falk, E. B., Berkman, E. T., Mann, T., Harrison, B., and Lieberman, M. D., “Predicting persuasion-induced behavior change from the brain,” Journal of Neuroscience , 2010, 30(25): 8421–8424.Google Scholar

Falk, E. B., Berkman, E. T., Whalen, D., and Lieberman, M. D., “Neural activity during health messaging predicts reductions in smoking above and beyond self-report,” Health Psychology , 2011, 30(2): 177–185.Google Scholar

Lieberman, M. D., Gaunt, R., Gilbert, D. T., and Trope, Y., “Reflection and reflexion: A social cognitive neuroscience approach to attributional inference,” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , 2002, 34: 199–249.Google Scholar

Kahneman, D., Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013).Google Scholar

Falk, E. B., Berkman, E. T., and Lieberman, M. D., “From neural responses to population behavior: Neural focus group predicts population-level media effects,” Psychological Science , 2012, 23(5): 439–445.Google Scholar

Genevsky, A. and Knutson, B., “Neural affective mechanisms predict market-level microlending,” Psychological Science , 2015, 26(9): 1411–1422.Google Scholar

Venkatraman, V., Dimoka, A., and Pavlou, P. A., “Predicting advertising success beyond traditional measures: New insights from neurophysiological methods and market response modeling,” Journal of Marketing Research , 2015, 52(4): 436–452.Google Scholar

Randall, K., “Neuropolitics, where campaigns try to read your mind,” New York Times , 2015, November, 4, p. A1.Google Scholar

Malkin, E. and Randall, K., “Mexico’s governing party vows to stop using neuromarketing to study voters,” New York Times , 2015, November, 12, p. A12.Google Scholar

Varshney, L., Chen, B., Paniagua, E., Hall, D., and Chklovskii, D., “Structural properties of the Caenorhabditis elegans neuronal network,” PLOS Computational Biology , 2011, 7: e1001066, doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001066.Google Scholar

Wade, N., “In tiny worm, unlocking secrets of the brain,” New York Times , 2011, June 21, p. D1.Google Scholar