Silicon-isotope composition of diatoms as an indicator of past oceanic change (original) (raw)

References

  1. Nelson, D. M., Tréguer, P., Brzezinski, M. A., Leynaert, A. & Quéguiner, B. Production and dissolution of biogenic silica in the ocean: Revised global estimates, comparison with regional data and relationship to biogenic sedimentation. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 9, 359–372 (1995).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  2. Brzezinski, M. A. & Nelson, D. M. Chronic substrate limitation of silicic acid uptake rates in the western Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II 43, 437–453 (1996).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  3. Nelson, D. A. & Smith, W. O. J Phytoplankton bloom dynamics of the western Ross Sea Ice edge II. Mesoscale cycling of nitrogen and silicon. Deep-Sea Res. A 33, 1389–1412 (1986).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  4. Charles, C. D., Froelich, P. N., Zibello, M. A., Mortlock, R. A. & Morley, J. J. Biogenic opal in Southern Ocean sediments over the last 450,000 years: Implications for surface water chemistry and circulation. Paleoceanography 6, 697–728 (1991).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  5. Mortlock, R. A. et al . Evidence for lower productivity in the Antarctic Ocean during the last glaciation. Nature 351, 220–223 (1991).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  6. Kumar, N. et al . Increased biological productivity and export production in the glacial Southern Ocean. Nature 378, 675–680 (1985).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  7. Dymond, J., Collier, R., McManus, J., Honjo, S. & Manganini, S. Can the aluminum and titaniumcontents of ocean sediments be used to determine the paleoproductivity of the oceans? Paleoceanography 12, 586–593 (1997).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  8. Kumar, N., Gwiazda, R., Anderson, R. F. & Froelich, P. N. 231Pa/230Th ratios in sediments as a proxy for past changes in Southern Ocean productivity. Nature 362, 45–48 (1993).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  9. De La Rocha, C. L., Brzezinski, M. A. & DeNiro, M. J. Fractionation of silicon isotopes by marine diatoms during biogenic silica formation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 5051–5056 (1997).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  10. Le Jehan, S. & Tréguer, P. Uptake and regeneration of Si : N : P ratios in the Indian Ocean. Polar Biol. 2, 127–136 (1983).
    Article Google Scholar
  11. Van Bennekom, A. J., Berger, W. H., Van Der Gaast, S. J. & De Vries, R. T. P. Primary productivity and the silica cycle in the Southern Ocean (Atlantic sector). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 67, 19–30 (1988).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  12. Shemesh, A., Mortlock, R. A., Smith, R. J. & Froelich, P. N. Determination of Ge/Si in marine siliceous microfossils: Separation, cleaning and dissolution of diatoms and radiolaria. Mar. Chem. 25, 305–323 (1988).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  13. De La Rocha, C. L., Brzezinski, M. A. & DeNiro, M. J. Purification, recovery, and laser-driven fluorination of silicon from dissolved and particulate silica for the measurement of natural stable isotope abundances. Analyt. Chem. 68, 3746–3750 (1996).
    Article CAS Google Scholar
  14. Hays, J. D., Lozano, J. A., Shackleton, N. & Irving, G. Reconstruction of the Atlantic and western Indian Ocean sectors of the 18,000 B.P. Antarctic Ocean. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 145, 337–372 (1976).
    CAS Google Scholar
  15. Cooke, D. W. & Hays, J. D. in Antarctic Geoscience (ed. Craddock, C.) 1017–1025 (Univ. Wisconsin Press, Madison, (1982)).
    Google Scholar
  16. Burckle, L., De Mauret, K. & McHigh, C. G. Latest Quaternary paleoceanography of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Antarct. J. US 21, 138 (1986).
    Google Scholar
  17. De Mauret, K., Burckle, L. H. & McHugh, C. G. Late Quaternary paleoenvironments in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. 18, 583 (1986).
    Google Scholar
  18. Charles, C. D. & Fairbanks, R. G. in Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic Versus Antarctic (eds Bleil, U.& Theide, J.) 519–538 (Kluwer Academic, Bremen, (1990)).
    Book Google Scholar
  19. Shemesh, A., Macko, S. E., Charles, C. D. & Rau, G. H. Isotopic evidence for reduced productivity in the glacial Southern Ocean. Science 262, 407–410 (1993).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  20. Shemesh, A., Burckle, L. H. & Hays, J. D. Meltwater input to the Southern Ocean during the last glacial maximum. Science 266, 1542–1544 (1994).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  21. Shemesh, A., Burckle, L. G. & Hays, J. D. Late Pleistocene oxygen isotope records of biogenic silica from the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Paleoceanography 10, 179–196 (1995).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  22. Froelich, P. N. et al . River fluxes of dissolved silica to the ocean were higher during glacials: Ge/Si in diatoms, rivers, and oceans. Paleoceanography 7, 739–767 (1982).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  23. Tréguer, P. et al . The silica balance in the world ocean: A reestimate. Science 268, 375–379 (1995).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  24. Douthitt, C. B. The geochemistry of the stable isotopes of silicon. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 1449–1458 (1982).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  25. Burckle, L. H. & Cirilli, J. Origin of diatom ooze belt in the Southern Ocean: Implications for late Quaternary paleoceanography. Micropaleontology 33, 82–86 (1987).
    Article Google Scholar
  26. Shemesh, A., Burckle, L. H. & Froelich, P. N. Dissolution and preservation of Antarctic diatoms and the effect on sediment thanatocoenoses. Quat. Sci. 31, 288–308 (1989).
    Google Scholar
  27. Francois, R. et al . Contribution of Southern Ocean surface water stratification to low atmospheric CO2concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature 389, 929–935 (1997).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  28. Hutchins, D. A. & Bruland, K. W. Iron-limited diatom growth and Si : N uptake ratios in a coastal upwelling. Nature 393, 561–564 (1998).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  29. Takeda, S. Influence of iron availability on nutrient consumption ratio of diatoms in oceanic waters. Nature 393, 774–777 (1998).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar
  30. Sverdrup, H. U. On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton. J. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor. Mer 18, 287–295 (1953).
    Article Google Scholar
  31. Singer, A. J. Diatom 13 _C Records from Southern Ocean Sediments: Glacial-interglacial Variation in Surface Water Characteristics._Thesis, Weizmann Institute of Science (1994).
    Google Scholar
  32. Mortlock, R. A. & Froelich, P. N. Asimple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments. Deep-Sea Res. 36, 1415–1426 (1989).
    Article ADS CAS Google Scholar

Download references