An ultrafast terahertz scanning tunnelling microscope (original) (raw)

References

  1. Ulbricht, R., Hendry, E., Shan, J., Heinz, T. F. & Bonn, M. Carrier dynamics in semiconductors studied with time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 543–586 (2011).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  2. Jepsen, P. U., Cooke, D. G. & Koch, M. Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging— modern techniques and applications. Laser Photon. Rev. 5, 124–166 (2011).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  3. Chen, C. J. Introduction to Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (Oxford Univ. Press, 1993).
    Google Scholar
  4. Grafström, S. Photoassisted scanning tunneling microscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 91, 1717–1753 (2002).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  5. Hamers, R. J. & Cahill, D. G. Ultrafast time resolution in scanned probe microscopies. Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 2031–2033 (1990).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  6. Nunes, G. Jr & Freeman, M. R. Picosecond resolution in scanning tunneling microscopy. Science 262, 1029–1032 (1993).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  7. Steeves, G. M., Elezzabi, A. Y. & Freeman, M. R. Nanometer-scale imaging with an ultrafast scanning tunneling microscope. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 504–506 (1998).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  8. Khusnatdinov, N. N., Nagle, T. J. & Nunes, G. Jr. Ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy with 1 nm resolution. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 4434–4436 (2000).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  9. Groeneveld, R. H. M. & van Kempen, H. The capacitive origin of the picosecond electrical transients detected by a photoconductively gated scanning tunneling microscope. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2294–2296 (1996).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  10. Yarotski, D. A. et al. Ultrafast carrier-relaxation dynamics in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 1480–1484 (2002).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  11. Terada, Y., Yoshida, S., Takeuchi, O. & Shigekawa, H. Real-space imaging of transient carrier dynamics by nanoscale pump–probe microscopy. Nature Photon. 4, 869–874 (2010).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  12. Yoshida, S., Terada, Y., Oshima, R., Takeuchi, O. & Shigekawa, H. Nanoscale probing of transient carrier dynamics modulated in a GaAs-PIN junction by laser-combined scanning tunneling microscopy. Nanoscale 4, 757–761 (2012).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  13. Dolocan, A., Acharya, D. P., Zahl, P., Sutter, P. & Camillone, N. III. Two-color ultrafast photoexcited scanning tunneling microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 10033–10043 (2011).
    Article Google Scholar
  14. Wu, S. W. & Ho, W. Two-photon-induced hot-electron transfer to a single molecule in a scanning tunneling microscope. Phys. Rev. B 82, 085444 (2010).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  15. Kemiktarak, U., Ndukum, T., Schwab, K. C. & Ekinci, K. L. Radio-frequency scanning tunnelling microscopy. Nature 450, 85–88 (2007).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  16. Loth, S., Etzkorn, M., Lutz, C. P., Eigler, D. M. & Heinrich, A. J. Measurement of fast electron spin relaxation times with atomic resolution. Science 329, 1628–1630 (2010).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  17. Moult, I., Herve, M. & Pennec, Y. Ultrafast spectroscopy with a scanning tunneling microscope. Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 233103 (2011).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  18. Tonouchi, M. Cutting-edge terahertz technology. Nature Photon. 1, 97–105 (2007).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  19. Mittleman, D. M. Sensing with Terahertz Radiation (Springer, 2010).
    Google Scholar
  20. Chen, H-T., Kersting, R. & Cho, G. C. Terahertz imaging with nanometer resolution. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3009–3011 (2003).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  21. Wang, K., Mittleman, D. M., van der Valk, N. C. J. & Planken, P. C. M. Antenna effects in terahertz apertureless near-field optical microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2715–2717 (2004).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  22. Huber, A. J., Keilmann, F., Wittborn, J., Aizpurua, J. & Hillenbrand, R. Terahertz near-field nanoscopy of mobile carriers in single semiconductor nanodevices. Nano Lett. 8, 3766–3770 (2008).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  23. Chen, J. et al. Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons. Nature 487, 77–81 (2012).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  24. Walther, M., Chambers, G. S., Liu, Z., Freeman, M. R. & Hegmann, F. A. Emission and detection of terahertz pulses from a metal-tip antenna. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 22, 2357–2365 (2005).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  25. Wang, K. & Mittleman, D. M. Metal wires for terahertz wave guiding. Nature 432, 376–379 (2004).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  26. Simmons, J. G. Generalized formula for the electric tunnel effect between similar electrodes separated by a thin insulating film. J. Appl. Phys. 34, 1793–1803 (1963).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  27. Cooke, D. G. et al. Anisotropic photoconductivity of InGaAs quantum dot chains measured by terahertz pulse spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3839–3841 (2004).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  28. Liu, H-Y. et al. Ultrafast carrier dynamics in undoped and _p_-doped InAs/GaAs quantum dots characterized by pump–probe reflection measurements. J. Appl. Phys. 103, 083121 (2008).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  29. Porte, H. P., Uhd Jepsen, P., Daghestani, N., Rafailov, E. U. & Turchinovich, D. Ultrafast release and capture of carriers in InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots observed by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 262104 (2009).
    Article ADS Google Scholar
  30. Grundmann, M., Stier, O. & Bimberg, D. InAs/GaAs pyramidal quantum dots: strain distribution, optical phonons, and electronic structure. Phys. Rev. B 52, 11969–11981 (1995).
    Article ADS Google Scholar

Download references